Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, Volume III. The Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches.

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The Westminster Confession of Faith, A.D. 1647.…

Confessio Fidei Westmonasteriensis.

The changes of the American revision, which occur chiefly in Ch. XXIII., relating to the Civil Magistrate, and in Ch. XXXI., relating to Synods and Councils, are inserted in their proper places, and marked by italics. Minor changes are indicated in footnotes.

The Latin translation of the Westminster Confession and Catechisms by G. D. (see Preface) appeared first at Cambridge, 1656 (also 1659); at Edinburgh, 1694, etc.; and at Glasgow, 1660), under the title, 'Confessio Fidei | in Conventu theologorum authoritate | Parliamenti Anglicani indicto | Elaborata; | eidem Parliamento postmodum | Exhibita; | Quin et ab eodem, deindeque ab Ecclesia Scoticana | Cognita et Approbata; | und cum | Catechismo | duplici, Majori, Minorique; | E Sermone Anglicano summa cum fide | in Litinum versa. Cantabrigiæ: excudebat Johannes Field, celeberrimæ Academiæ typographus.']

Confession of Faith.	Confessio Fidei.
Chapter I.	Cap. I.
Of the Holy Scripture.	De Scriptura Sacrosancta.
I. Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence, do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable;⁸⁴⁶⁸⁴⁶Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God, and of his will, which is necessary unto salvation;⁸⁴⁷⁸⁴⁷1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. therefore it pleased the Lord, at sundry times, and in divers manners, to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his Church;⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴⁸Hebrews 1:1. and afterwards, for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice	I. Quanquam naturæ lumen, operaque Dei cum Creationis tum Providentiæ, bonitatem ejus, sapientiam, potentiamque eo usque manifestant, ut homines vel inde reddantur inexcusabiles:⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴⁹Rom. ii. 14, 15; i. 19, 20; Psa. xix. 1–3; Rom. i. 32; ii. 1. eam tamen Dei, voluntatisque divinæ cognitionem, quæ porro est ad salutem necessaria, nequeunt nobis ingenerare.⁸⁵⁰⁸⁵⁰1 Cor. i. 21; ii. 13, 14. Quocirca Domino complacitum est, variis quidem modis vicibusque Ecclesiæ suæ semetipsum revelare, suamque hanc voluntatem patefacere;⁸⁵¹⁸⁵¹Hebrews 1:1. sed et eandem omnem postea literis consignare, quo et veritati suæ tam conservandæ quam propagandæ melius consuleret, nec Ecclesia sua contra carnis corruptelam, contra malitiam mundi

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of Satan and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing;⁸⁵²⁸⁵²Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. which maketh the holy Scripture to be most necessary;⁸⁵³⁸⁵³2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. those former ways of God's revealing his will unto his people being now ceased.⁸⁵⁴⁸⁵⁴Heb. i. 1, 2.	Satanæque, præsidio foret ac solatio destituta.⁸⁵⁵⁸⁵⁵Prov. xxii. 19–21; Luke i. 3, 4; Rom. xv. 4; Matt. iv. 4, 7, 10; Isa. viii. 19, 20. Unde factum est, ut, postquam pristini illi modi, quibus olim populo suo Deus voluntatem suam revelabat, jam desiverint,⁸⁵⁶⁸⁵⁶2 Tim. iii. 15; 2 Pet. i. 19. Scriptura Sacra sit maxime necessaria.⁸⁵⁷⁸⁵⁷Heb. i. 1, 2.
II. Under the name of holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the Books of the Old and New Testament, which are these:	II. Sacræ Scripturæ, nomine, seu Verbi Dei scripti continentur hodie omnes illi libri tam Veteris quam Novi Instrumenti,⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵⁸[So the Cambridge eds. of 1656 and 1659. The Edinb. ed. reads Testamenti.] nempe quorum inferius subsequuntur nomina.

Of the Old Testament.		Veteris Testamenti.
Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.	Genesis.	Ecclesiastes.
Exodus.	The Song of Songs.	Exodus.	Canticum Canticorum.
Leviticus.	Isaiah.	Leviticus.	Isaias.
Numbers.	Jeremiah.	Numeri.	Jeremias.
Deuteronomy.	Lamentations.	Deuteronomium.	Lamentationes.
Joshua.	Ezekiel.	Josua.	Ezechiel.
Judges.	Daniel.	Judices.	Daniel.
Ruth.	Hosea.	Ruth.	Hosea.
I. Samuel.	Joel.	Samuelis 1.	Joel.
II. Samuel.	Amos.	Samuelis 2.	Amos.
I. Kings.	Obadiah.	Regum 1.	Obadias.
II. Kings.	Jonah.	Regum 2.	Jonas.
I. Chronicles.	Micah.	Chronicorum 1.	Micheas.
II. Chronicles.	Nahum.	Chronicorum 2.	Nahum.
Ezra.	Habakkuk.	Ezra.	Habucuc.
Nehemiah.	Zephaniah.	Nehemias.	Zephanias.
Esther.	Haggai.	Esther.	Haggæus.
Job.	Zechariah.	Job.	Zacharias.
Psalms.	Malachi.	Psalmi.	Malachias.
Proverbs.		Proverbia.
Of the New Testament.		Novi autem.
The Gospels according to		Evangelium secundem
Matthew,	Luke,	Matthæum,	Lucam,
Mark,	John.	Marcum,	Johannem.

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The Acts of the	To Timothy II.	Acta apostolorum.
Apostles.	To Titus.		Titum.
Paul's Epistles to the	To Philemon.	Pauli espistolæ ad	Philemonem.
Romans.	The Epistle to the	Romanos.	Epist. ad Hebræos.
Corinthians I.	Hebrews.	Corinthios I. II.
Corinthians II.	The Epistle of James.		Jacobi Epistola.
Galatians.	The First and Second	Galatas.	Petri Epist. I. II.
Ephesians.	Epistles of Peter.	Ephesios.
Philippians.	The First, Second, and	Philippenses.	Johan. Epist. I. II.
Colossians.	Third Epistles of	Collossenses.	III.
Thessalonians I.	John.	Thessalonicens I. II.
Thessalonians II.	The Epistle of Jude.		Judæ Epistola.
To Timothy I.	The Revelation.	Timotheum I. II.	Apocalypsis.

All which are given by inspiration of God, to be the rule of faith and life.⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵⁹Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.	Qui omnes divina inspiratione dati sunt in Fidei vitæque regulam.⁸⁶⁰⁸⁶⁰Luke xvi. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Rev. xxii. 18, 19; 2 Tim. iii. 16.
III. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the Canon of the Scripture; and therefore are of no authority in the Church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved, or made use of, than other human writings.⁸⁶¹⁸⁶¹Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.	III. Libri Apocryphi, vulgo dicti, quum non fuerint divinitus inspirati, Canonem Scripturæ nullatenus constituunt; proindeque nullam aliam authoritatem obtinere debent in Ecclesia Dei, nec aliter quam alia humana scripta, sunt aut approbandi aut adhibendi.⁸⁶²⁸⁶²Luke xxiv. 27, 44; Rom. iii. 2; 2 Pet. i. 21.
IV. The authority of the holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth itself), the Author thereof; and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God.⁸⁶³⁸⁶³2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.	IV. Authoritas Scripturæ sacræ propter quam ei debetur fides et observantia, non ab ullius aut hominis aut Ecclesiæ pendet testimonio, sed a solo ejus authore Deo, qui est ipsa veritas: eoque est a nobis recipienda, quoniam est Verbum Dei.⁸⁶⁴⁸⁶⁴2 Pet. i. 19, 21; 2 Tim. iii. 16; 1 John v. 9; 1 Thess. ii. 13.
V. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the	V. Testimonium Ecclesiæ efficere quidem potest ut de Scriptura sacra

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Church to an high and reverent esteem of⁸⁶⁵⁸⁶⁵[Am. ed. for.] the holy Scripture;⁸⁶⁶⁸⁶⁶1 Tim. iii. 15. and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man's salvation, the many other incomparable excellencies, and the entire perfection thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet, notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth, and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit, bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts.⁸⁶⁷⁸⁶⁷1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

quam honorifice sentiamus;⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶⁸1 Tim. iii. 15. materies insuper ejus cœlestis, doctrinæ vis et efficacia, styli majestas, partium omnium consensus, totiusque scopus (ut Deo nempe omnis gloria tribuatur), plena denique quam exhibet unicæ ad salutem viæ commonstratio, præter alias ejus virtutes incomparabiles, et perfectionem summam, argumenta sunt quibus abunde se Verbum Dei et luculenter probat; nihilominus tamen plena persuasio et certitudo de ejus tam infallibili veritate, quam authoritate divina non aliunde nascitur quam ab interna operatione Spiritus Sancti, per verbum et cum verbo ipso in cordibus nostris testificantis.⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶⁹1 John ii. 20, 27; John xvi. 13, 14; 1 Cor. ii. 10–12; Isa. lix. 21.

VI. The whole counsel of God, concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man's salvation, faith, and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men.⁸⁷⁰⁸⁷⁰2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Nevertheless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving

VI. Consilium Dei universum de omnibus quæ ad suam ipsius gloriam, quæque ad hominum salutem, fidem, vitamque sunt necessaria, aut expresse in Scriptura continetur, aut consequentia bona et necessaria derivari potest a Scriptura; cui nihil deinceps addendum est, seu novis a spiritu revelationibus, sive traditionibus hominum.⁸⁷¹⁸⁷¹2 Tim. iii. 15–17; Gal. i. 8, 9; 2 Thess. ii. 2. Internam nihilominus illuminationem Spiritus Dei ad salutarem eorum perceptionem, quæ in Verbo Dei

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understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word;⁸⁷²⁸⁷²John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the Church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed.⁸⁷³⁸⁷³1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.	revelantur, agnoscimus esse necessariam:⁸⁷⁴⁸⁷⁴John vi. 45; 1 Cor. ii. 9, 10, 12. quin etiam nonnullas esse circumstantias cultum Dei spectantes et Ecclesiæ regimen, iis cum humanis actionibus et societatibus communes, quæ naturali lumine ac prudentia Christiana secundum generales verbi regulas (perpetuo quidem illas observandas) sunt regulandæ.⁸⁷⁵⁸⁷⁵1 Cor. xi. 13, 14; xiv. 26, 40.
VII. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all;⁸⁷⁶⁸⁷⁶2 Pet. iii. 16. yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed, and observed, for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of the ordinary means, may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them.⁸⁷⁷⁸⁷⁷Psa. cxix. 105, 130.	VII. Quæ in Scriptura continentur non sunt omnia æque aut in se perspicua, aut omnibus hominibus evidentia,⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷⁸2 Pet. iii. 16. ea tamen omnia quæ ad salutem necessaria sunt cognitu, creditu, observatu, adeo perspicue, alicubi saltem in Scriptura, proponuntur et explicantur, ut eorum non docti solum, verum indocti etiam ordinariorum debito usu mediorum, sufficientem assequi possint intelligentiam.⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷⁹Psa. cxix. 105, 130.
VIII. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentical;⁸⁸⁰⁸⁸⁰Matt. v. 18. so as in all controversies	VIII. Instrumentum Vetus Hebræa lingua (antiqua Dei populo nempe vernacula) Novum autem Græca (ut quæ apud Gentes maxime omnium tunc temporis, quum scriberetur illud, obtinuerat), immediate a Deo inspirata, ejusque cura et Providentia singulari per omnia huc usque secula pura et intaminata custodita, ea propter sunt authentica.⁸⁸¹⁸⁸¹Matt. v. 18. Adeo sane ut ad

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of religion the Church is finally to appeal unto them.⁸⁸²⁸⁸²Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God who have right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded, in the fear of God, to read and search them,⁸⁸³⁸⁸³John v. 39. therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come,⁸⁸⁴⁸⁸⁴1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner,⁸⁸⁵⁸⁸⁵Col. iii. 16. and, through patience and comfort of the Scriptures, may have hope.⁸⁸⁶⁸⁸⁶Rom. xv. 4.	illa ultimo in omnibus de religione controversiis Ecclesia debeat appellare.⁸⁸⁷⁸⁸⁷Isa. viii. 20; Acts xv. 15; John v. 39, 46. Quoniam autem Originales istæ linguæ non sunt toti Dei populo intellectæ (Quorum tamen et jus est ut scripturas habeant, et interest plurimum, quique eas in timore Dei legere jubentur et perscrutari)⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸⁸John v. 39. proinde sunt in vulgarem cujusque Gentis, ad quam pervenerint linguam transferendæ,⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹1 Cor. xiv. 6, 9,11, 12, 24, 27, 28. ut omnes, verbo Dei opulenter in ipsis habitante, Deum grato acceptoque modo colant,⁸⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰Col. iii. 16. et per patientiam ac consolationem Scripturarum spem habeant.⁸⁹¹⁸⁹¹Rom. xv.4.
IX. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself; and therefore, when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must⁸⁹²⁸⁹²[Am. ed. may.] be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly.⁸⁹³⁸⁹³2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]	IX. Infallibilis Scripturam interpretandi regula est Scriptura ipsa. Quoties igitur cunque oritur quæstio de. vero plenoque Scripturæ cujusvis sensu (unicus ille est non multiplex), ex aliis locis, qui apertius loquuntur, est indagandus et cognoscendus.⁸⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴2 Pet. i. 20, 21; Acts xv. 15; [Am. John v. 46.]
X. The Supreme Judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can	X. Supremus judex, a quo omnes de religione controversiæ sunt determinandæ, omnia Conciliorum decreta, opiniones Scriptorum Veterum, doctrinæ denique hominum, et privati quicunque Spiritus sunt examinandi, cujusque sententia tenemur

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Chapter II.	Cap. II.
be no other but the Holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture.⁸⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.	nemur acquiescere, nullus alius esse potest, præter Spiritum Sanctum in Scriptura pronunciantem.⁸⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶Matt. xxii. 29, 31; Eph. ii. 20; Acts xxviii. 25.
Of God, and of the Holy Trinity.	De Deo et Sacro-sancta Trinitate.
I. There is but one only⁸⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. living and true God,⁸⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. who is infinite in being and perfection,⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. a most pure spirit,⁹⁰⁰⁹⁰⁰John iv. 24. invisible,⁹⁰¹⁹⁰¹1 Tim. i. 17. without body, parts,⁹⁰²⁹⁰²Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. or passions,⁹⁰³⁹⁰³Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutable,⁹⁰⁴⁹⁰⁴James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immense,⁹⁰⁵⁹⁰⁵1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. eternal,⁹⁰⁶⁹⁰⁶Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensible,⁹⁰⁷⁹⁰⁷Psa. cxlv. 3. almighty,⁹⁰⁸⁹⁰⁸Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. most wise,⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰⁹Rom. xvi. 27. most holy,⁹¹⁰⁹¹⁰Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. most free,⁹¹¹⁹¹¹Psa. cxv. 3. most absolute,⁹¹²⁹¹²Exod. iii. 14. working all things according to the counsel of his own immutable and most righteous will,⁹¹³⁹¹³Eph. i. 11. for his own glory;⁹¹⁴⁹¹⁴Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11] . most loving,⁹¹⁵⁹¹⁵1 John iv. 8, 16. gracious, merciful, longsuffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin;⁹¹⁶⁹¹⁶Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. the rewarder of them that diligently seek him;⁹¹⁷⁹¹⁷Heb. xi. 6. and withal most just and terrible in his judgments;⁹¹⁸⁹¹⁸Neh. ix. 32, 33.	I. Unus est unicusque,⁹¹⁹⁹¹⁹Deut. vi. 4; 1 Cor. viii. 4, 6. vivens ille et verus Deus:⁹²⁰⁹²⁰1 Thess. i. 9; Jer. x. 10. qui idem est essentia et perfectione infinitus,⁹²¹⁹²¹Job xi. 7, 8, 9; xxvi. 14. Spiritus purissimus,⁹²²⁹²²John iv. 24. invisibilis,⁹²³⁹²³1 Tim. i. 17. sine corpore, sine partibus,⁹²⁴⁹²⁴Deut. iv. 15, 16; John iv. 24; Luke xxiv. 39. sine passionibus,⁹²⁵⁹²⁵Acts xiv. 11, 15. immutabilis,⁹²⁶⁹²⁶James i. 17; Mal. iii. 6. immensus,⁹²⁷⁹²⁷1 Kings viii. 27; Jer. xxiii. 23, 24. æternus,⁹²⁸⁹²⁸Psa. xc. 2; 1 Tim. i. 17. incomprehensibilis,⁹²⁹⁹²⁹Psa. cxlv. 3. omnipotens,⁹³⁰⁹³⁰Gen. xvii. 1; Rev. iv. 8. summe sapiens,⁹³¹⁹³¹Rom. xvi. 27. summe sanctus,⁹³²⁹³²Isa. vi. 3; Rev. iv. 8. liberrimus,⁹³³⁹³³Psa. cxv. 3. maxime absolutus;⁹³⁴⁹³⁴Exod. iii. 14. operans omnia secundum consilium immutabilis suæ ac justissimæ voluntatis,⁹³⁵⁹³⁵Eph. i. 11. ad suam ipsius gloriam;⁹³⁶⁹³⁶Prov. xvi. 4; Rom. xi. 36; [Am. ed. Rev. iv. 11]. idemque summa benignitate,⁹³⁷⁹³⁷1 John iv. 8, 16. gratia, misericordia, et longanimitate; bonitate abundans et veritate; condonans iniquitatem, transgressionem et peccatum;⁹³⁸⁹³⁸Exod. xxxiv. 6, 7. studiose quærentium ipsum remunerator;⁹³⁹⁹³⁹Heb. xi. 6. sed et in judiciis suis justissimus idem ac tremendus maxime;⁹⁴⁰⁹⁴⁰Neh. ix. 32, 33.

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hating all sin,⁹⁴¹⁹⁴¹Psa. v. 5, 6. and who will by no means clear the guilty. .⁹⁴²⁹⁴²Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.	peccatum omne perosus,⁹⁴³⁹⁴³Psa. v. 5, 6. et qui sontem nullo unquam absolvet modo.⁹⁴⁴⁹⁴⁴Nahum i. 2, 3; Exod. xxxiv. 7.
II. God hath all life,⁹⁴⁵⁹⁴⁵John v. 26. glory,⁹⁴⁶⁹⁴⁶Acts vii. 2. goodness,⁹⁴⁷⁹⁴⁷Psa. cxix. 68. blessedness,⁹⁴⁸⁹⁴⁸1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. in and of himself; and is alone in and unto himself allsufficient, not standing in need of any creatures which he hath made,⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴⁹Acts xvii. 24, 25. nor deriving any glory from them,⁹⁵⁰⁹⁵⁰Job xxii. 2, 23. but only manifesting his own glory in, by, unto, and upon them: he is the alone foundation of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all things;⁹⁵¹⁹⁵¹Rom. xi. 36. and hath most sovereign dominion over them, to do by them, for them, or upon them whatsoever himself pleaseth.⁹⁵²⁹⁵²Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In his sight all things are open and manifest;⁹⁵³⁹⁵³Heb. iv. 13. his knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature;⁹⁵⁴⁹⁵⁴Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. so as nothing is to him contingent or uncertain.⁹⁵⁵⁹⁵⁵Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. He is most holy in all his counsels, in all his works, and in all his commands.⁹⁵⁶⁹⁵⁶Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. To him is due from angels and men, and every other creature, whatsoever worship, service, or obedience, he is pleased to require of them.⁹⁵⁷⁹⁵⁷Rev. v. 12–14.	II. Omnem vitam,⁹⁵⁸⁹⁵⁸John v. 26. omnem gloriam,⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵⁹Acts vii. 2. bonitatem,⁹⁶⁰⁹⁶⁰Psa. cxix. 68. beatitudinemque⁹⁶¹⁹⁶¹1 Tim. vi. 15; Rom. ix. 5. omnem in sese habet et a seipso Deus; qui solus in se sibique est ad omnia sufficiens; creaturarum, quas ipse condidit, nullius egens,⁹⁶²⁹⁶²Acts xvii. 24, 25. nec gloriam ab eis derivans ullam,⁹⁶³⁹⁶³Job xxii. 2, 23. verum in iis, per eas, iis ipsis, ac super eas propriam ipsius gloriam tantummodo manifestans. Is omnis entitatis fans est unicus, a quo, per quem et ad quem omnia;⁹⁶⁴⁹⁶⁴Rom. xi. 36. summumque in ea dominium habet, ac per illa, pro illis, in illa pro suo arbitrio quidlibet agendi potestatem.⁹⁶⁵⁹⁶⁵Rev. iv. 11; 1 Tim. vi. 15; Dan. iv. 25, 35. In conspectu ejus aperta sunt omnia ac manifesta;⁹⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶Heb. iv. 13. scientia ejus infinita est, infallibilis, atque a creatura independens,⁹⁶⁷⁹⁶⁷Rom. xi. 33, 34; Psa. cxlvii. 5. adeo ut illi contingens incertumve nihil sit;⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶⁸Acts 15:18; Ezeck. xi. 5. in omnibus ejus consiliis, operibus et mandatis est sanctissimus.⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶⁹Psa. cxlv. 17; Rom. vii. 12. Quicquid cultus, quicquid officii, quicquid obsequii ab Angelis illi, ab hominibus, aut a quavis creatura exigere placet, id illi omne jure optimo debetur.⁹⁷⁰⁹⁷⁰Rev. v. 12–14.
III. In the unity of the Godhead	III. In Deitatis unitate personæ

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Chapter III.	Cap. III.
head there be three persons, of one substance, power, and eternity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.⁹⁷¹⁹⁷¹1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. The Father is of none, neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father;⁹⁷²⁹⁷²John i. 14, 18. the Holy Ghost eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son.⁹⁷³⁹⁷³John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.	tres sunt unius ejusdemque essentiæ, potential ac æternitatis; Deus Pater, Deus Filius, ac Deus Spiritus Sanctus.⁹⁷⁴⁹⁷⁴1 John v. 7; Matt. iii. 16, 17; xxviii. 19; 2 Cor. xiii. 14. Pater quidem a nullo est, nec genitus nempe nec procedens: Filius autem a Patre est æterne genitus:⁹⁷⁵⁹⁷⁵John i. 14, 18. Spiritus autem Sanctus æterne procedens a Patre Filioque.⁹⁷⁶⁹⁷⁶John xv. 26; Gal. iv. 6.
Of God's Eternal Decree.⁹⁷⁷⁹⁷⁷[Am. ed. decrees.]	De æterno Dei Decreto.
I. God from all eternity did, by the most wise and holy counsel of his own will, freely and unchangeably ordain whatsoever comes to pass;⁹⁷⁸⁹⁷⁸Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. yet so as thereby neither is God the author of sin,⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷⁹James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nor is violence offered to the will of the creatures, nor is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established.⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.	I. Deus, e sapientissimo sanctissimoque consilio voluntatis suæ, libere ac immutabiliter, quicquid unquam evenit, ab omni æterno ordinavit;⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹Eph. i. 11; Rom. xi. 33; Heb. vi. 17; Rom. ix. 15,18. ita tamen, id inde nec author peccati evadat Deus,⁹⁸²⁹⁸²James i. 13,17; 1 John i. 5; [Am. ed. Eccl. vii. 29]. nec voluntati creaturarum sit vis illata, neque libertas aut contingentia causarum secundarum ablata sit, verum potius stabilita.⁹⁸³⁹⁸³Acts ii. 23; Matt. xvii. 12; Acts iv. 27, 28; John xix. 11; Prov. xvi. 33.
II. Although God knows whatsoever may or can come to pass upon all supposed conditions,⁹⁸⁴⁹⁸⁴Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. yet hath he not decreed any thing because he foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions.⁹⁸⁵⁹⁸⁵Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.	II. Quamvis omnia cognoscat Deus, quæ suppositis quibusvis conditionibus sunt eventu possibilia;⁹⁸⁶⁹⁸⁶Acts xv. 18; 1 Sam. xxiii. 11, 12; Matt. xi. 21, 23. non tamen ideo quicquam decrevit quoniam illud præviderat aut futurum, aut positis talibus conditionibus eventurum.⁹⁸⁷⁹⁸⁷Rom. ix. 11,13,16,18.
III. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory,	III. Deus, quo gloriam suam manifestaret, nonnullos hominum

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some men and angels⁹⁸⁸⁹⁸⁸1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. are predestinated unto everlasting life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸⁹Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.	ac Angelorum⁹⁹⁰⁹⁹⁰1 Tim. v. 21; Matt. xxv. 41. decreto suo ad æternam vitam prædestinavit, alios autem ad mortem æternam præordinavit.⁹⁹¹⁹⁹¹Rom. ix. 22, 23; Eph. i. 5, 6; Prov. xvi. 4.
IV. These angels and men, thus predestinated and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed; and their number is so certain and definite that it can not be either increased or diminished.⁹⁹²⁹⁹²2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.	IV. prædestinati illi et præordinati homines Angelique, particulariter sunt ac immutabiliter designati, certusque illorum est ac definitus numerus, adeo ut nec augeri possit nec imminui.⁹⁹³⁹⁹³2 Tim. ii. 19; John xiii. 18.
V. Those of mankind that are predestinated unto life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, according to his eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of his will, hath chosen in Christ, unto everlasting glory,⁹⁹⁴⁹⁹⁴Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. out of his mere free grace and love, without any foresight of faith or good works, or perseverance in either of them, or any other thing in the creature, as conditions, or causes moving him thereunto;⁹⁹⁵⁹⁹⁵Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. and all to the praise of his glorious grace.⁹⁹⁶⁹⁹⁶Eph. i. 6, 12.	V. Qui ex humano genere sunt ad vitam prædestinati, illos Deus ante jacta mundi fundamenta, secundum æternum suum ac immutabile propositum, secretumque voluntatis suæ consilium et beneplacitum, elegit in Christo ad æternam gloriam,⁹⁹⁷⁹⁹⁷Eph. i. 4, 9, 11; Rom. viii. 30; 2 Tim. i. 9; 1 Thess. v. 9. idque ex amore suo et gratia mere gratuita; nec fide, nec bonis operibus, nec in his illave perseverantia, sed neque ulla alia re in creatura, prævisis, ipsum tanquam causis aut conditionibus ad id moventibus;⁹⁹⁸⁹⁹⁸Rom. ix. 11, 13, 16; Eph. i, 4, 9. quo totum nempe in laudem cederet gloriosæ suæ gratiæ.⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹⁹Eph. i. 6, 12.
VI. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so hath he, by the eternal and most free purpose of his will, foreordained all the means thereunto.¹⁰⁰⁰¹⁰⁰⁰1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Wherefore they who are elected, being fallen in	VI. Quemadmodum autem Deus electos ad gloriam destinavit, sic omnia etiam quibus illam consequantur media præordinavit, voluntatis suæ proposito æterno simul et liberrimo.¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰¹1 Pet. i. 2; Eph. i. 4, 5; ii. 10; 2 Thess. ii. 13. Quapropter electi, postquam

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Adam, are redeemed by Christ,¹⁰⁰²¹⁰⁰²1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. are effectually called unto faith in Christ by his Spirit working in due season; are justified, adopted, sanctified,¹⁰⁰³¹⁰⁰³Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. and kept by his power through faith unto salvation.¹⁰⁰⁴¹⁰⁰⁴1 Pet. i. 5. Neither are any other redeemed by Christ, effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only.¹⁰⁰⁵¹⁰⁰⁵John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.	lapsi essent in Adamo, a Christo sunt redempti;¹⁰⁰⁶¹⁰⁰⁶1 Thess. v. 9, 10; Tit. ii. 14. per Spiritum ejus opportuno tempore operantem, ad fidem in Christum vocantur efficaciter; justificantur, sanctificantur,¹⁰⁰⁷¹⁰⁰⁷Rom. viii. 30; Eph. i. 5; 2 Thess. ii. 13. et potentia ipsius per fidem custodiuntur ad salutem.¹⁰⁰⁸¹⁰⁰⁸1 Pet. i. 5. Nec alii quivis a Christo redimuntur, vocantur efficaciter justificantur, adoptantur, sanctificantur et salvantur, præter electos solos.¹⁰⁰⁹¹⁰⁰⁹John xvii. 9; Rom. viii. 28 to the end; John vi. 64, 65; viii. 47; x. 26; 1 John ii. 19.
VII. The rest of mankind God was pleased, according to the unsearchable counsel of his own will, whereby he extendeth or withholdeth mercy as he pleaseth, for the glory of his sovereign power over his creatures, to pass by, and to ordain them to dishonor and wrath for their sin, to the praise of his glorious justice.¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.	VII. Reliquos humani generis Deo placuit secundum consilium voluntatis suæ inscrutabile {quo misericordiam pro libitu exhibet abstinetve) in gloriam supremæ suæ in creaturas potestatis, præterire; eosque ordinare ad ignominiam et iram pro peccatis suis, ad laudem justitiæ suæ gloriosæ.¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹¹Matt. xi. 25, 26; Rom. ix. 17, 18, 21, 22; 2 Tim. ii. 19, 20; Jude 4; 1 Pet. ii. 8.
VIII. The doctrine of this high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care,¹⁰¹²¹⁰¹²Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. that men attending the will of God revealed in his Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election.¹⁰¹³¹⁰¹³2 Pet. i. 10. So shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, reverence, and admiration of God;¹⁰¹⁴¹⁰¹⁴Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. and of humility, diligence, and abundant consolation	VIII. Doctrina de sublimi hoc prædestinationis mysterio non sine summa cura et prudentia tractari debet,¹⁰¹⁵¹⁰¹⁵Rom. ix. 20; xi. 33; Deut. xxix. 29. quo nimirum homines, dum voluntati Dei in verbo ejus revelatæ advertant animos, eique debitam exhibeant obedientiam, de efficaci sua vocatione certiores facti, ad æternæ suæ electionis assurgere possint certitudinem.¹⁰¹⁶¹⁰¹⁶2 Pet. i. 10. Ita demum suppeditabit hæc doctrina laudandi, reverendi, admirandique Deum argumentum,¹⁰¹⁷¹⁰¹⁷Eph. i. 6; Rom. xi. 33. quin etiam humilitatis,

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Chapter IV.	Cap. IV.
to all that sincerely obey the gospel.¹⁰¹⁸¹⁰¹⁸Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.	diligentiæ et consolationis copiosæ omnibus sincere obedientibus evangelio.¹⁰¹⁹¹⁰¹⁹Rom. xi. 5, 6, 20; 2 Pet. i. 10; Rom. viii. 33; Luke x. 20.
Of Creation.	De Creatione.
I. It pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,¹⁰²⁰¹⁰²⁰Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. for the manifestation of the glory of his eternal power, wisdom, and goodness,¹⁰²¹¹⁰²¹Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. in the beginning, to create or make of nothing the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good.¹⁰²²¹⁰²²Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.	I. Deo, Patri, Filio et Spiritui sancto, complacitum est,¹⁰²³¹⁰²³Heb. i. 2; John i. 2, 3; Gen. i. 2; Job xxvi. 13; xxxiii. 4. quo æternæ suæ cum potentiæ tum sapientiæ bonitatisque gloriam manifestaret,¹⁰²⁴¹⁰²⁴Rom. i. 20; Jer. x. 12; Psa. civ. 24; xxxiii. 5, 6. mundum hunc, et quæ in eo continentur universa tam visibilla quam invisibilia, in principio intra sex dierum spatium creare, seu ex nihilo condere, atque omnia quidem bona valde.¹⁰²⁵¹⁰²⁵Gen. ch. i.; Heb. xi. 3; Col. i. 16; Acts xvii. 24.
II. After God had made all other creatures, he created man, male and female,¹⁰²⁶¹⁰²⁶Gen. i. 27. with reasonable and immortal souls,¹⁰²⁷¹⁰²⁷Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. endued with knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness, after his own image,¹⁰²⁸¹⁰²⁸Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. having the law of God written in their hearts,¹⁰²⁹¹⁰²⁹Rom. ii. 14, 15. and power to fulfill it;¹⁰³⁰¹⁰³⁰Eccles. vii. 29. and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject unto change.¹⁰³¹¹⁰³¹Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Beside this law written in their hearts, they received a command not to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good	II. Postquam omnes alias creaturas condidisset Deus, creavit hominem marem et fœminam,¹⁰³²¹⁰³²Gen. i. 27. animabus inditis rationalibus ac immortalibus,¹⁰³³¹⁰³³Gen. ii. 7; Eccles. xii. 7; Luke xxiii. 43; Matt. x. 28. imbutos cognitione, justitia, veraque sanctitate, ad suam ipsius imaginem,¹⁰³⁴¹⁰³⁴Gen. i. 26; Col. iii. 10; Eph. iv. 24. habentes in cordibus suis inscriptam Divinam legem,¹⁰³⁵¹⁰³⁵Rom. ii. 14, 15. simul et eandem implendi vires;¹⁰³⁶¹⁰³⁶Eccles. vii. 29. non tamen sine quadam violandi possibilitate; libertati siquidem permissi erant voluntatis suæ haud immutabilis.¹⁰³⁷¹⁰³⁷Gen. iii. 6; Eccles. vii. 29. Præter autem hanc in cordibus eorum inscriptam legem de non comedendo ex arbore scientiæ boni malique

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Chapter V.	Cap. V.
and evil; which while they kept they were happy in their communion with God,¹⁰³⁸¹⁰³⁸Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. and had dominion over the creatures.¹⁰³⁹¹⁰³⁹Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].	mandatum insuper acceperunt; quod certe quam diu observabant, communione Dei beati erant,¹⁰⁴⁰¹⁰⁴⁰Gen. ii. 27; iii. 8–11, 23. dominiumque habebant in creaturas.¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴¹Gen. i. 26, 28; [Am. ed. Psa. viii. 6–8].
Of Providence.	De Providentia.
God, the great Creator of all things, doth uphold,¹⁰⁴²¹⁰⁴²Heb. i. 3. direct, dispose, and govern all creatures, actions, and things,¹⁰⁴³¹⁰⁴³Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. from the greatest even to the least,¹⁰⁴⁴¹⁰⁴⁴Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. by his most wise and holy providence,¹⁰⁴⁵¹⁰⁴⁵Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. according to his infallible foreknowledge¹⁰⁴⁶¹⁰⁴⁶Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. and the free and immutable counsel of his own will,¹⁰⁴⁷¹⁰⁴⁷Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. to the praise of the glory of his wisdom, power, justice, goodness, and mercy.¹⁰⁴⁸¹⁰⁴⁸Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.	I. Magnus ille rerum omnium creator Deus sapientissima sua et sanctissima simul providentia¹⁰⁴⁹¹⁰⁴⁹Heb. i. 3. creaturas, actiones, resque¹⁰⁵⁰¹⁰⁵⁰Dan. iv. 34, 35; Psa. cxxxv. 6; Acts xvii. 25, 26, 28; Job, chaps. xxxviii. xxxix. xl. xli. a maximis usque ad minimas¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵¹Matt. x. 29–31; [Am. ed. Matt. vi. 26, 30]. universas sustentat,¹⁰⁵²¹⁰⁵²Prov. xv. 3; [Am. ed. 2 Chron. xvi. 9]; Psa. civ. 24; cxlv. 17. dirigit, ordinat, gubernatque secundum infallibilem suam præscientiam,¹⁰⁵³¹⁰⁵³Acts xv. 18; Psa. xciv. 8–11. et voluntatis suæ consilium liberum ac immutabile,¹⁰⁵⁴¹⁰⁵⁴Eph. i. 11; Psa. xxxiii. 10, 11. ad laudem gloriæ sapientiæ suæ, potentiæ, justitiæ, bonitatis, ac misericordiæ.¹⁰⁵⁵¹⁰⁵⁵Isa. lxiii. 14; Eph. iii. 10; Rom. ix. 17; Gen. xlv. 7; Psa. cxlv. 7.
II. Although in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly,¹⁰⁵⁶¹⁰⁵⁶Acts ii. 23. yet by the same providence he ordereth them to fall out, according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently.¹⁰⁵⁷¹⁰⁵⁷Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.	II. Quamvis respectu præscientiæ ac decreti Dei (causæ primæ) omnia immutabiliter atque infallibiliter eveniant,¹⁰⁵⁸¹⁰⁵⁸Acts ii. 23. per eandem tamen ille providentiam eadem ordinat evenire necessario, libere, aut contingenter, pro natura causarum secundarum.¹⁰⁵⁹¹⁰⁵⁹Gen. viii. 22; Jer. xxxi. 35; Exod. xxi. 13; Deut. xix. 5; 1 Kings xxii. 28, 34; Isa. x. 6, 7.
III. God, in his ordinary providence, maketh use of means,¹⁰⁶⁰¹⁰⁶⁰Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. yet is free to work without,¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶¹Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.	III. Deus in providentia sua ordinaria mediis utitur,¹⁰⁶²¹⁰⁶²Acts xxvii. 31, 44; Isa. lv. 10, 11; Hos. ii. 21, 22. iis tamen non astringitur, quo minus absque eis,¹⁰⁶³¹⁰⁶³Hos. i. 7; Matt. iv. 4; Job xxxiv. 10.

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above,¹⁰⁶⁴¹⁰⁶⁴Rom. iv. 19–21. and against them, at his pleasure.¹⁰⁶⁵¹⁰⁶⁵2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.	supra¹⁰⁶⁶¹⁰⁶⁶Rom. iv. 19–21. aut etiam contra ea pro arbitrio suo operetur.¹⁰⁶⁷¹⁰⁶⁷2 Kings vi. 6; Dan. iii. 27.
IV. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God so far manifest themselves in his providence that it extendeth itself even to the first fall, and all other sins of angels and men,¹⁰⁶⁸¹⁰⁶⁸Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. and that not by a bare permission,¹⁰⁶⁹¹⁰⁶⁹Acts xiv. 16. but such as hath joined with it a most wise and powerful bounding,¹⁰⁷⁰¹⁰⁷⁰Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. and otherwise ordering and governing of them, in a manifold dispensation, to his own holy ends;¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷¹Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. yet so as the sinfulness thereof proceedeth only from the creature, and not from God; who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin.¹⁰⁷²¹⁰⁷²1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.	IV. Omnipotentem Dei potentiam, sapientiam inscrutabilem, bonitatemque infinitam providentia ejus eo usque manifestat, ut vel ad primum lapsum, omniaque reliqua peccata, seu hominum sint sive angelorum, se extendat;¹⁰⁷³¹⁰⁷³Rom. xi. 32–34; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1; 1 Chron. xxi. 1; 1 Kings xxii. 22, 23; 1 Chron. x. 4, 13, 14; 2 Sam. xvi. 10; Acts ii. 23; iv. 27, 28. neque id quidem permissione nuda,¹⁰⁷⁴¹⁰⁷⁴Acts xiv. 16. verum cui conjuncta est sapientissima potentissimaque eorum limitatio,¹⁰⁷⁵¹⁰⁷⁵Psa. lxxvi. 10; 2 Kings xix. 28. ac aliusmodi ad sanctos sibi propositos fines dispensatione multiplici ordinatio et gubernatio;¹⁰⁷⁶¹⁰⁷⁶Gen. l. 20; Isa. x. 6, 7, 12. ita tamen ut omnis eorum vitiositas a sola proveniat creatura, a Deo neutiquam, qui sanctissimus quum sit justissimusque neque est, nec esse quidem potest peccati autor aut approbator.¹⁰⁷⁷¹⁰⁷⁷1 James i. 13, 14, 17; 1 John. ii. 16; Psa. l. 21.
V. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God doth oftentimes leave for a season his own children to manifold temptations and the corruption of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled;¹⁰⁷⁸¹⁰⁷⁸2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. and to raise them to a more close and constant	V. Sapientissimus, justissimus, et gratiosissimus idem Deus, sæpenumero filios suos tentationibus multifariis, suorumque cordium corruptioni ad tempus permittit; quo ob admissa prius peccata castiget eos, vel corruptionis iis detegat vim occultam, cordiumque suorum fraudulentiam ut humilientur;¹⁰⁷⁹¹⁰⁷⁹2 Chron. xxxii. 25, 26, 31; 2 Sam. xxiv. 1. quoque eos excitet ad strictam magis et constantem a seipso proferendis suppetiis

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dependence for their support unto¹⁰⁸⁰¹⁰⁸⁰[Am. ed. upon.] himself, and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for sundry other just and holy ends.¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸¹2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.	dependentiam; Quo denique adversus onmes occasiones peccati de futuro reddat cautiores. Sed et ob alios etiam varios fines, justos sanctosque sibi propositos.¹⁰⁸²¹⁰⁸²2 Cor. xii. 7–9; Psa. lxxiii. throughout; lxxvii. 1–10, 12; Mark xiv. 66 to the end; John xxi. 15–17.
VI. As for those wicked and ungodly men whom God, as a righteous judge, for former sins, doth blind and harden,¹⁰⁸³¹⁰⁸³Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. from them he not only withholdeth his grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understandings and wrought upon in their hearts,¹⁰⁸⁴¹⁰⁸⁴Deut. xxix. 4. but sometimes also withdraweth the gifts which they had,¹⁰⁸⁵¹⁰⁸⁵Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. and exposeth them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin;¹⁰⁸⁶¹⁰⁸⁶Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. and withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan;¹⁰⁸⁷¹⁰⁸⁷Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, even under those means which God useth for the softening of others.¹⁰⁸⁸¹⁰⁸⁸Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.	VI. Quod scelestos illos spectat impiosque homines, quos Deus, ut justus judex, ob peccata præcedentia excæcat induratque;¹⁰⁸⁹¹⁰⁸⁹Rom. i. 24, 26, 28; xi. 7, 8. eis ille non solum gratiam suam non impertit, qua ipsis cum illuminari intellectus, tum affici corda potuissent;¹⁰⁹⁰¹⁰⁹⁰Deut. xxix. 4. sed interdum subtrahit eis quibus imbuti erant dona,¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹¹Matt. xiii. 12; xxv. 29. et ipsos exponit illiusmodi objectis, unde corruptio eorum arripit sibi peccandi occasiones;¹⁰⁹²¹⁰⁹²Deut. ii. 30; 2 Kings viii. 12, 13. simulque tradit eos suis ipsorum concupiscentiis et tentationibus mundi, et potestati Satanæ;¹⁰⁹³¹⁰⁹³Psa. lxxxi. 11, 12; 2 Thess. ii. 10–12. ex quo fit ut seipsos ipsi indurent, et quidem sub iisdem mediis quibus utitur Deus ad alios emolliendos.¹⁰⁹⁴¹⁰⁹⁴Exod. vii. 3; viii. 15, 32; 2 Cor. ii. 15, 16; Isa. viii. 14; 1 Pet. ii. 7, 8; Isa. vi. 9, 10; Acts xxviii. 26, 27.
VII. As the providence of God doth, in general, reach to all creatures, so, after a most special manner, it taketh care of his Church, and disposeth all things to the good thereof.¹⁰⁹⁵¹⁰⁹⁵1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.	VII. Providentia Dei sicut ad omnes creaturas universali modo se extendit; ita modo plane peculiari Ecclesiæ suæ curam gerit, ac in ejus bonum disponit universa.¹⁰⁹⁶¹⁰⁹⁶1 Tim. iv. 10; Amos ix. 8, 9; Rom. viii 28; Isa. xliii. 3–5,14.

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Chapter VI.	Cap. VI.
Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment thereof.	De hominis lapsu, de peccato ejusque pœna.
I. Our first parents, being seduced by the subtilty and temptation of Satan, sinned in eating the forbidden fruit.¹⁰⁹⁷¹⁰⁹⁷Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. This their sin God was pleased, according to his wise and holy counsel, to permit, having purposed to order it to his own glory.¹⁰⁹⁸¹⁰⁹⁸Rom. xi. 32.	I. Primi parentes, Satanæ subtilitate ac tentatione seducti, fructus vetiti esu peccaverunt.¹⁰⁹⁹¹⁰⁹⁹Gen. iii. 13; 2 Cor. xi. 3. Hoc eorum peccatum secundum sapiens suum sanctumque consilium Deo placuit permittere, non sine proposito illud ad suam ipsius gloriam ordinandi.¹¹⁰⁰¹¹⁰⁰Rom. xi. 32.
II. By this sin they fell from their original righteousness and communion with God,¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰¹Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. and so became dead in sin,¹¹⁰²¹¹⁰²Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body.¹¹⁰³¹¹⁰³Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.	II. Hoc illi peccato, justitia sua originali et communione cum Deo exciderunt;¹¹⁰⁴¹¹⁰⁴Gen. iii. 6–8; Eccles. vii. 29; Rom. iii. 23. itaque facti sunt in peccato mortui,¹¹⁰⁵¹¹⁰⁵Gen. ii. 17; Eph. ii. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. v. 12]. atque in omnibus facultatibus ac partibus animæ corporisque penitus contaminati.¹¹⁰⁶¹¹⁰⁶Tit. i. 15; Gen. vi. 5; Jer. xvii. 9; Rom. iii. 10–19.
III. They being the root of all mankind,¹¹⁰⁷¹¹⁰⁷Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. the guilt of this sin was imputed, and the same death in sin and corrupted nature conveyed to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation.¹¹⁰⁸¹¹⁰⁸Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.	III. Quumque illi fuerint radix totius humani¹¹⁰⁹¹¹⁰⁹Gen. i. 27, 28; ii. 16, 17; Acts xvii. 26; Rom. v. 12, 15–19; 1 Cor. xv. 21, 22, 45, 49. generis, hujusce peccati reatus fuit imputatus, eademque in peccato mors ac natura corrupta propagata, omnibus illorum posteris, quotquot ab iis ordinaria quidem generatione procreantur.¹¹¹⁰¹¹¹⁰Psa. li. 5; Gen. v. 3; Job xiv. 4; xv. 14.
IV. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good,¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. and wholly inclined to all evil,¹¹¹²¹¹¹²Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. do proceed all actual transgressions.¹¹¹³¹¹¹³James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.	IV. Ab hac originali labe (qua ad omne bonum facti sumus inhabiles prorsus ac impotentes, eique plane oppositi,¹¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴Rom. v. 6; vii. 18; viii. 7; Col. i. 21; [Am. ed. John iii. 6]. ad malum autem omne proclives penitus)¹¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵Gen. vi. 5; viii. 21; Rom. iii. 10–12. proveniunt omnia peccata actualia.¹¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶James i. 14, 15; Eph. ii. 2, 3; Matt. xv. 19.
V. This corruption of nature,	V. Hæc naturæ corruptio durante

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Chapter VII.	Cap. VII.
during this life, doth remain in those that are regenerated;¹¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself and all the motions thereof are truly and properly sin.¹¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.	hac vita manet etiam in regenitis;¹¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹1 John i. 8, 10; Rom. vii. 14, 17, 18, 23; James iii. 2; Prov. xx. 9; Eccles. vii. 20. et quamvis per Christum et condonata sit et mortificata; nihilo minus tam ipsa, quam ejus motus universi vere sunt ac proprie peccata.¹¹²⁰¹¹²⁰Rom. vii. 5, 7, 8, 25; Gal. v. 17.
VI. Every sin, both original and actual, being a transgression of the righteous law of God, and contrary thereunto,¹¹²¹¹¹²¹1 John iii. 4. doth, in its own nature, bring guilt upon the sinner,¹¹²²¹¹²²Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. whereby he is bound over to the wrath of God¹¹²³¹¹²³Eph. ii. 3. and curse of the law,¹¹²⁴¹¹²⁴Gal. iii. 10. and so made subject to death,¹¹²⁵¹¹²⁵Rom. vi. 23. with all miseries spiritual,¹¹²⁶¹¹²⁶Eph. iv. 18. temporal,¹¹²⁷¹¹²⁷Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. and eternal.¹¹²⁸¹¹²⁸Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.	VI. Peccatum omne cum originale tum actuale, quum justæ Dei legis transgressio sit eique contraria,¹¹²⁹¹¹²⁹1 John iii. 4. peccatori suapte natura reatum infert,¹¹³⁰¹¹³⁰Rom. ii. 15; iii. 9, 19. quo ad iram Dei,¹¹³¹¹¹³¹Eph. ii. 3. ac maledictionem legis¹¹³²¹¹³²Gal. iii. 10. subeundam obligatur, adeoque redditur obnoxius morti¹¹³³¹¹³³Rom. vi. 23. simul et miseriis omnibus spiritualibus,¹¹³⁴¹¹³⁴Eph. iv. 18. temporalibus,¹¹³⁵¹¹³⁵Rom. viii. 20; Lam. iii. 39. ac æternis.¹¹³⁶¹¹³⁶10 Matt. xxv. 41; 2 Thess. i. 9.
Of God's Covenant with Man.	De fœdere Dei cum nomine.
I. The distance between God and the creature is so great that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience unto him as their Creator, yet they could never have any fruition of him as their blessedness and reward but by some voluntary condescension on God's part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant.¹¹³⁷¹¹³⁷Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.	I. Tanta est inter deum et creaturam distantia, ut licet creaturæ rationales obedientiam illi ut creatori suo debeant, nullam tamen fruitionem ejus tanquam suæ beatitudinis ac præmii habere unquam potuissent, ni voluntaria fuisset aliqua ex parte Dei condescentio; quam ipsi exprimere placuit icto fœdere.¹¹³⁸¹¹³⁸Isa. xl. 13–17; Job ix. 32, 33; 1 Sam. ii. 25; Psa. c. 2, 3; cxiii. 5, 6; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8; Luke xvii. 10; Acts xvii. 24, 25.
II. The first covenant made with	II. Primum fœdus cum hominibus

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man was a covenant of works,¹¹³⁹¹¹³⁹Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. wherein life was promised to Adam, and in him to his posterity,¹¹⁴⁰¹¹⁴⁰Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. upon condition of perfect and personal obedience.¹¹⁴¹¹¹⁴¹Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.	initum erat fœdus operum,¹¹⁴²¹¹⁴²Gal. iii. 12; [Am. ed. Hos. vi. 7; Gen. ii. 16, 17]. quo vita Adamo promissa erat, ejusque in eo posteris,¹¹⁴³¹¹⁴³Rom. v. 12–20; x. 5. sub conditione obedientiæ perfectæ ac personalis.¹¹⁴⁴¹¹⁴⁴Gen. ii. 17; Gal. iii. 10.
III. Man by his fall having made himself incapable of life by that covenant, the Lord was pleased to make a second,¹¹⁴⁵¹¹⁴⁵Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. commonly called the covenant of grace: wherein he freely offered unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in him that they may be saved,¹¹⁴⁶¹¹⁴⁶5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto life his Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe.¹¹⁴⁷¹¹⁴⁷Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].	III. Quum autem homo lapsu suo omnem sibi præstruxisset ad vitam aditum per illud fœdus, complacuit Domino secundum inire,¹¹⁴⁸¹¹⁴⁸Gal. iii. 21; Rom. iii. 20, 21; viii. 3; Gen. iii. 15; Isa. xlii. 6. quod vulgo dicimus Fœdus Gratiæ; in quo peccatoribus offert gratuito vitam ac salutem per Jesum Christum, fidem in illum ab iis requirens ut salventur;¹¹⁴⁹¹¹⁴⁹5 Mark xvi. 15, 16; John iii. 16; Rom. x. 6, 9; Gal. iii. 11. promittensque omnibus qui ad vitam ordinantur se spiritum suum sanctum daturum, qui in illis operetur credendi cum voluntatem tum potentiam.¹¹⁵⁰¹¹⁵⁰Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27; John vi. 44, 45; [Am. ed. v. 37].
IV. This covenant of grace is frequently set forth in the Scripture by the name of a testament, in reference to the death of Jesus Christ the testator, and to the everlasting inheritance, with all things belonging to it, therein bequeathed.¹¹⁵¹¹¹⁵¹Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.	IV. Hoc fœdus Gratiæ in Scriptura sæpe nomine Testamenti indigitatur, respectu nimirum mortis Testatoris Jesu Christi, æternæque illius hæreditatis, quam is una cum omnibus eam spectantibus inibi legabat.¹¹⁵²¹¹⁵²Heb. ix. 15–17; vii. 22; Luke xxii. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 25.
V. This covenant was differently administered in the time of the law and in the time of the gospel:¹¹⁵³¹¹⁵³2 Cor. iii. 6–9. under the law it was administered by promises, prophecies,	V. Hoc fœdus sub Lege atque sub Evangelio administratum est modo alio atque alio.¹¹⁵⁴¹¹⁵⁴2 Cor. iii. 6–9. Sub Lege quidem per promissiones, prophetias et sacrificia, per circumcisionem, agnum

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sacrifices, circumcision, the paschal lamb, and other types and ordinances delivered to the people of the Jews, all fore-signifying Christ to come,¹¹⁵⁵¹¹⁵⁵Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. which were for that time sufficient and efficacious, through the operation of the Spirit, to instruct and build up the elect in faith in the promised Messiah,¹¹⁵⁶¹¹⁵⁶1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. by whom they had full remission of sins and eternal salvation; and is called the Old Testament.¹¹⁵⁷¹¹⁵⁷;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

pascalem, aliosque typos ac instituta populo Judaico tradita, quæ omnia Venturum Christum præsignificabant;¹¹⁵⁸¹¹⁵⁸Heb., chaps. viii. ix. x.; Rom. iv. 11; Col. ii. 11,12; 1 Cor. v. 7; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. erantque pro ratione illorum temporum sufficientia, et per operationem spiritus efficacia ad electos instruendum ac ædificandum in fide in promissum Messiam,¹¹⁵⁹¹¹⁵⁹1 Cor. x. 1–4; Heb. xi. 13; John viii. 56. per quem plenum peccatorum remissionem et salutem æternam sunt consecuti; diciturque Vetus Testamentum.¹¹⁶⁰¹¹⁶⁰;Gal. iii. 7–9, 14.

VI. Under the gospel, when Christ the substance¹¹⁶¹¹¹⁶¹Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. was exhibited, the ordinances in which this covenant is dispensed are the preaching of the word and the administration of the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper;¹¹⁶²¹¹⁶²Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. which, though fewer in number, and administered with more simplicity aud less outward glory, yet in them it is held forth in more fullness, evidence, and spiritual efficacy,¹¹⁶³¹¹⁶³Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. to all nations, both Jews and Gentiles;¹¹⁶⁴¹¹⁶⁴Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. and is called the New Testament.¹¹⁶⁵¹¹⁶⁵Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. There are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one and the same under various dispensations.¹¹⁶⁶¹¹⁶⁶Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8.

VI. Sub evangelio autem, exhibito jam Christo, substantia¹¹⁶⁷¹¹⁶⁷Gal. ii. 17; [Am. ed. Col. ii. 17]. scilicet ac antitypo, præscriptæ rationes in quibus hoc fœdus dispensatur, sunt prædicatio verbi, et administratio sacramentorum, baptismi nempe ac cœnæ Dominicæ;¹¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; 1 Cor. xi. 23–25; [Am. ed. 2 Cor. iii. 7–11]. in quibus quidem utut numero paucioribus, iisque simplicius ac minore cum externa gloria administratis, cum majore tamen plenitudine, evidentia, et efficacia spirituali¹¹⁶⁹¹¹⁶⁹Heb. xii. 22–28; Jer. xxxi. 33, 34. populis cunctis tam Judæis quam Gentibus¹¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰Matt. xxviii. 19; Eph. ii. 15–19. exhibetur; Diciturque Novum Testamentum.¹¹⁷¹¹¹⁷¹Luke xxii. 20; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 7–9]. Non sunt ergo duo fœdera gratiæ, re atque natura discrepantia; sed unum idemque, licet non uno modo dispensatum.¹¹⁷²¹¹⁷²Gal. iii. 14, 16; Acts xv. 11; Rom. iii. 21–23, 30; Psa. xxxii. 1; Rom. iv. 3, 6, 16, 17, 23, 24; Heb. xiii. 8..

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Chapter VIII.	Cap. VIII.
Of Christ the Mediator.	De Christo Mediatore.
I. It pleased God, in his eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, his only-begotten Son, to be the Mediator between God and man,¹¹⁷³¹¹⁷³Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. the Prophet,¹¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Priest,¹¹⁷⁵¹¹⁷⁵Heb. v. 5, 6. and King;¹¹⁷⁶¹¹⁷⁶Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. the Head and Saviour of his Church,¹¹⁷⁷¹¹⁷⁷Eph. v. 23. the Heir of all things,¹¹⁷⁸¹¹⁷⁸Heb. i. 2. and Judge of the world;¹¹⁷⁹¹¹⁷⁹Acts xvii. 31. whom he did, from all eternity, give a people to be his seed,¹¹⁸⁰¹¹⁸⁰John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. and to be by him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified.¹¹⁸¹¹¹⁸¹1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.	I. Complacitum est Deo Filium ejus unigenitum Dominum Jesum in æterno suo proposito eligere atque ordinare ut Mediator esset inter Deum et hominem,¹¹⁸²¹¹⁸²Isa. xlii. 1; 1 Pet. i. 19, 20; John iii. 16; 2 Tim. ii. 5. Propheta,¹¹⁸³¹¹⁸³Acts iii. 22; [Am. ed. Deut. xviii. 15]. Sacerdos,¹¹⁸⁴¹¹⁸⁴Heb. v. 5, 6. et Rex,¹¹⁸⁵¹¹⁸⁵Psa. ii. 6; Luke i. 33. caput idem et salvator Ecclesiæ suæ;¹¹⁸⁶¹¹⁸⁶Eph. v. 23. rerum omnium hæres,¹¹⁸⁷¹¹⁸⁷Heb. i. 2. Mundique Judex;¹¹⁸⁸¹¹⁸⁸Acts xvii. 31. cui ab æterno populum dedit futurum illi in semen,¹¹⁸⁹¹¹⁸⁹John xvii. 6; Psa. xxii. 30; Isa. liii. 10. ac per illum stato tempore redimendum, vocandum, justificandum, sanctificandum ac glorificandum.¹¹⁹⁰¹¹⁹⁰1 Tim. ii. 6; Isa. lv. 4, 5; 1 Cor. i. 30.
II. The Son of God, the second person in the Trinity, being very and eternal God, of one substance, and equal with the Father did, when the fullness of time was come, fake upon him man's nature,¹¹⁹¹¹¹⁹¹John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. with all the essential properties and common infirmities thereof, yet without sin:¹¹⁹²¹¹⁹²Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance.¹¹⁹³¹¹⁹³Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. So that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably joined together	II. Filius Dei persona secunda in Trinitate, verus nempe idem æternusque Deus, substantiæ cum Patre unius ejusdemque, eique coæqualis, cum advenerat temporis plenitudo, assumpsit naturam humanam,¹¹⁹⁴¹¹⁹⁴John i. 1, 14; 1 John v. 20; Phil. ii. 6; Gal. iv. 4. una cum omnibus ejus proprietatibus essentialibus, communibusque infirmitatibus, immunem tamen a peccato,¹¹⁹⁵¹¹⁹⁵Heb. ii. 14, 16, 17; iv. 15. conceptus scilicet in utero eque substantia Mariæ Virginis,¹¹⁹⁶¹¹⁹⁶Luke i. 27, 31, 35; Gal. iv. 4. virtute Spiritus Sancti. Adeo sane ut naturæ duæ, integræ, perfectæ, distinctæque Deitas ac humanitas in una eademque

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in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion.¹¹⁹⁷¹¹⁹⁷Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man.¹¹⁹⁸¹¹⁹⁸Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.	persona indissolubili nexu conjunctæ fuerint, sine conversione, compositione, aut confusione.¹¹⁹⁹¹¹⁹⁹Luke i. 35; Col. ii. 9; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Pet. iii. 18; 1 Tim. iii. 16. Quæ quidem persona vere Deus est ac vere homo, unus tamen Christus, unicus inter Deum et hominem Mediator.¹²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰Rom. i. 3, 4; 1 Tim. ii. 5.
III. The Lord Jesus, in his human nature thus united to the divine, was sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above measure;¹²⁰¹¹²⁰¹Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. having in him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge,¹²⁰²¹²⁰²Col. ii. 3. in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell;¹²⁰³¹²⁰³Col. i. 19. to the end that, being holy, harmless, undefiled, and full of grace and truth,¹²⁰⁴¹²⁰⁴Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. he might be thoroughly furnished to execute the office of a mediator and surety.¹²⁰⁵¹²⁰⁵Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Which office he took not unto himself, but was thereunto called by his Father,¹²⁰⁶¹²⁰⁶Heb. v. 4, 5. who put all power and judgment into his hand, and gave him commandment to execute the same.¹²⁰⁷¹²⁰⁷John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.	III. Dominus Jesus in humana sua natura divinæ hunc modum conjuncta sanctificatus est, ac Spiritu sancto supra mensuram unctus,¹²⁰⁸¹²⁰⁸Psa. xlv. 7; John iii. 34. in se habens omnes sapientiæ notitiæqum thesauros;¹²⁰⁹¹²⁰⁹Col. ii. 3. in quo Patri visum est ut omnis plenitudo inhabitaret,¹²¹⁰¹²¹⁰Col. i. 19. atque eo quidem fine ut sanctus, innocuus, intaminatus, plenusque gratiæ ac veritatis existens,¹²¹¹¹²¹¹Heb. vii. 26; John i. 14. ad Mediatoris Vadisque munus exequendum perfecte esset instructus.¹²¹²¹²¹²Acts x. 38; Heb. xii. 24; vii. 22. Quod ille officium non arripuit sibi, verum a Patre erat ad id vocatus,¹²¹³¹²¹³Heb. v. 4, 5. qui omnem ei potestatem ac judicium in manus dedit, und cum mandato exercendi.¹²¹⁴¹²¹⁴John v. 22, 27; Matt. xxviii. 18; Acts ii. 36.
IV. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake,¹²¹⁵¹²¹⁵Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. which, that he might discharge, he was made under the law,¹²¹⁶¹²¹⁶Gal. iv. 4. and did perfectly fulfill it;¹²¹⁷¹²¹⁷Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. endured most grievous torments immediately in his soul,¹²¹⁸¹²¹⁸Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46.	IV. Hoc munus promtissima voluntate in se suscepit Dominus Jesus,¹²¹⁹¹²¹⁹Psa. xl. 7, 8; Heb. x. 5–10; John x. 18; Phil. ii. 8. quod ut expleret factus est sub Lege,¹²²⁰¹²²⁰Gal. iv. 4. eam perfecte implevit,¹²²¹¹²²¹Matt. iii. 15; v. 17. immediate in anima,¹²²²¹²²²Matt. xxvi. 37, 38; Luke xxii. 44; Matt. xxvii. 46. sua gravissimos subiit cruciatus, in corpore¹²²³¹²²³Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii.

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and most painful sufferings in his body;¹²²⁴¹²²⁴Matt., chaps. xxvi. xxvii. was crucified, and died;¹²²⁶¹²²⁶Phil. ii. 8. was buried, and remained under the power of death, yet saw no corruption.¹²²⁷¹²²⁷Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. On the third day he arose from the dead,¹²²⁸¹²²⁸1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. with the same body in which he suffered;¹²²⁹¹²²⁹John xx. 25, 27. with which also he ascended into heaven, and there sitteth at the right hand of his Father,¹²³⁰¹²³⁰Mark xvi. 19. making intercession;¹²³¹¹²³¹Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. and shall return to judge men and angels at the end of the world.¹²³²¹²³²Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.	vero perpessiones quam maxime dolorificas; crucifixus est, ac mortuus;¹²³³¹²³³Phil. ii. 8. sepultus est, mansitque sub mortis potestate; nec tamen ullam vidit corruptionem.¹²³⁴¹²³⁴Acts ii. 23, 24, 27; xiii. 37; Rom. vi. 9. Tertio die surrexit a mortuis,¹²³⁵¹²³⁵1 Cor. xv. 3, 4. cum eodem in quo passus fuerat corpore,¹²³⁶¹²³⁶John xx. 25, 27. cum quo etiam ascendit in cœlum, ibique sedens ad dextram Patris¹²³⁷¹²³⁷Mark xvi. 19. intercedit,¹²³⁸¹²³⁸Rom. viii. 34; Heb. ix. 24; vii. 25. rediturus inde in consummatione mundi, ad homines angelosque judicandum.¹²³⁹¹²³⁹Rom. xiv. 9, 10; Acts i. 11; x. 42; Matt. xiii. 40–42; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4.
V. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience and sacrifice of himself, which he through the eternal Spirit once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father,¹²⁴⁰¹²⁴⁰Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. and purchased not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him.¹²⁴¹¹²⁴¹Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.	V. Dominus Jesus obedientia sua perfecta, suique ipsius sacrificio; quod per æternum Spiritum Deo semel obtulit, justitiæ Patris plene satisfecit,¹²⁴²¹²⁴²Rom. v. 19; Heb. ix. 14, 16; x. 14; Eph. v. 2; Rom. iii. 25, 26. ac omnibus ei a Patre datis non modo reconciliationem; verum etiam æternam hæreditatem in regno cœlorum acquisivit.¹²⁴³¹²⁴³Dan. ix. 24, 26; Col. i. 19, 20; Eph. i. 11, 14; John xvii. 2; Heb. ix. 12, 15.
VI. Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types,	VI. Quamvis redemptionis opus non nisi post incarnationem ejus, a Christo quidem actu effectum fuerit, vis tamen ejus, efficacia, et beneficia per omnia iam inde a mundi primordiis elapsa secula electis sunt communicata, in et per promissiones illas, typos, et sacrifica,

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and sacrifices, wherein he was revealed, and signified to be the seed of the woman which should bruise the serpent's head, and the lamb slain from the beginning of the world, being yesterday and today the same and forever.¹²⁴⁴¹²⁴⁴Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.	quibus revelatum erat et significatum hunc esse semen illud mulieris, quod contriturum erat serpentis caput, agnumque illum mactatum ab initio mundi; ut qui heri ac hodie idem est et in sempiternum.¹²⁴⁵¹²⁴⁵Gal. iv. 4, 5; Gen. iii. 15; Rev. xiii. 8; Heb. xiii. 8.
VII. Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to both natures; by each nature doing that which is proper to itself;¹²⁴⁶¹²⁴⁶Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. yet, by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes, in Scripture, attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.¹²⁴⁷¹²⁴⁷Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.	VII. Christus in opere Mediatorio agit secundum utramque naturam, id agens per utramvis, quod eidem proprium est,¹²⁴⁸¹²⁴⁸Heb. ix. 14; 1 Pet. iii. 18. nonnunquam tamen fit propter personæ unitatem ut quod uni naturæ proprium est, personæ ab altera natura denominatæ in Scriptura tribuatur.¹²⁴⁹¹²⁴⁹Acts xx. 28; John iii. 13; 1 John iii. 16.
VIII. To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption he doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same;¹²⁵⁰¹²⁵⁰John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. making intercession for them,¹²⁵¹¹²⁵¹1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. and revealing unto them, in and by the Word, the mysteries of salvation;¹²⁵²¹²⁵²John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. effectually persuading them by his Spirit to believe and obey; and governing their hearts by his Word and Spirit;¹²⁵³¹²⁵³John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. overcoming all their enemies by his almighty power and wisdom, in such manner and ways as are most consonant to his wonderful and unsearchable dispensation.¹²⁵⁴¹²⁵⁴Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.	VIII. Pro quibus Christus redemptionem acquisivit, iis omnibus certo quidem ac efficaciter eam applicat impertitque,¹²⁵⁵¹²⁵⁵John vi. 37, 39; x. 15, 16. pro eis intercedens,¹²⁵⁶¹²⁵⁶1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. viii. 34. eisque in verbo et per verbum revelans mysterium salutis,¹²⁵⁷¹²⁵⁷John xv. 13, 15; Eph. i. 7–9; John xvii. 6. per Spiritum suum eis ut credere velint ac obedire persuadens efficaciter,¹²⁵⁸¹²⁵⁸John xiv. 16; Heb. xii. 2; 2 Cor. iv. 13; Rom. viii. 9, 14; xv. 18, 19; John xvii. 17. eorumque gubernans corda verbo suo spirituque; sed et vi sua omnipotenti, ac sapientia debellans omnes eorum hostes, iis autem modis mediisque quæ admirabili et inscrutabili ejus dispensationi sunt maxime consentanea.¹²⁵⁹¹²⁵⁹Psa. cx. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 25, 26; Mal. iv. 2, 3; Col. ii. 15.

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Chapter IX.	Cap. IX.
Of Free-will.	De libero arbitrio.
I. God hath endued the will of man with that natural liberty, that ¹²⁶⁰¹²⁶⁰[Am. ed. inserts it.]is neither forced nor by any absolute necessity of nature determined to good or evil.¹²⁶¹¹²⁶¹Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].	I. Eam humanæ voluntati naturalem Deus indidit libertatem, ut nec cogatur unquam, neque absoluta ulla naturæ necessitate ad bonum aut malum determinetur.¹²⁶²¹²⁶²Matt. xvii. 12; James i. 14; Deut. xxx. 19; [Am. ed. John v. 40].
II. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that which is good and well-pleasing to God, but yet mutably, so that he might fall from it.¹²⁶³¹²⁶³Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.	II. Homo in statu innocentiæ libertatem habuit ac potentiam, quod bonum erat Deoque gratum volendi agendique;¹²⁶⁴¹²⁶⁴Eccles. vii. 29; Gen. i. 26. mutabiliter tamen, ita ut illa potuerit excidere.¹²⁶⁵¹²⁶⁵Gen. ii. 16, 17; iii. 6.
III. Man, by his fall into a state of sin, hath wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation;¹²⁶⁶¹²⁶⁶Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. so as a natural man, being altogether averse from that good,¹²⁶⁷¹²⁶⁷Rom. iii. 10, 12. and dead in sin,¹²⁶⁸¹²⁶⁸Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. is not able, by his own strength, to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto.¹²⁶⁹¹²⁶⁹John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.	III. Homo per lapsum suum in statum peccati, potentiam omnem quam habuerat voluntas ejus ad bonum aliquod spirituals et saluti contiguum amisit penitus;¹²⁷⁰¹²⁷⁰Rom. v. 6; viii. 7; John xv. 5. adeo sane ut naturalis homo, utpote ab ejusmodi bono abhorrens prorsus,¹²⁷¹¹²⁷¹Rom. iii. 10, 12. ac in peccato mortuus,¹²⁷²¹²⁷²Eph. ii. 1, 5; Col. ii. 13. non possit unquam suis ipsius viribus convertere semet, sed ne quidem ad conversionem se vel præparare.¹²⁷³¹²⁷³John vi. 44, 65; 1 Cor. ii. 14; Eph. ii. 2–5; Titus iii. 3–5.
IV. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, he freeth him from his natural bondage under sin,¹²⁷⁴¹²⁷⁴Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. and by his grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good;¹²⁷⁵¹²⁷⁵Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. yet so	IV. Quandocunque Deus convertit ac in statum gratiæ transfert peccatorem, eundem eximit naturali sua sub peccato servitute,¹²⁷⁶¹²⁷⁶Col. i. 13; John viii. 34, 36. solaque gratia sua potentem reddit ad spirituale bonum volendum præstandumque;¹²⁷⁷¹²⁷⁷Phil. ii. 13; Rom. vi. 18, 22. ita tamen ut propter

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Chapter X.	Cap. X.
as that, by reason of his remaining corruption, he doth not perfectly, nor only, will that which is good, but doth also will that which is evil.¹²⁷⁸¹²⁷⁸Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18, 19, 21, 23.	manentem adhuc in eo corruptionem, bonum nec perfecte velit; neque id tantummodo, verum etiam quandoque malum.¹²⁷⁹¹²⁷⁹Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18, 19, 21, 23.
V. The will of man is made perfectly and immutably free to good alone, in the state of glory only.¹²⁸⁰¹²⁸⁰Eph. iv. 13; Heb. xii. 23; 1 John iii. 2; Jude 24.	V. Voluntas humana perfecte ac immutabiliter libera ad bonum solum redditur non nisi in statu gloriæ.¹²⁸¹¹²⁸¹Eph. iv. 13; Heb. xii. 23; 1 John iii. 2; Jude 24.
Of Effectual Calling.	De vocatione efficaci.
I. All those whom God hath predestinated unto life, and those only, he is pleased, in his appointed and accepted time, effectually to call,¹²⁸²¹²⁸²Rom. viii. 30; xi. 7; Eph. i. 10, 11. by his Word and Spirit,¹²⁸³¹²⁸³2 Thess. ii. 13, 14; 2 Cor. iii. 3, 6. out of that state of sin and death, in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ;¹²⁸⁴¹²⁸⁴Rom. viii. 2; Eph. ii. 1–5; 2 Tim. i. 9, 10. enlightening their minds, spiritually and savingly, to understand the things of God;¹²⁸⁵¹²⁸⁵Acts xxvi. 18; 1 Cor. ii. 10, 12; Eph. i. 17, 18. taking away their heart of stone, and giving unto them an heart of flesh;¹²⁸⁶¹²⁸⁶Ezek. xxxvi. 26. renewing their wills, and by his almighty power determining them to that which is good,¹²⁸⁷¹²⁸⁷Ezek. xi. 19; Phil. ii. 13; Deut. xxx. 6; Ezek. xxxvi. 27. and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ;¹²⁸⁸¹²⁸⁸Eph. i. 19; John vi. 44, 45. yet so as they come most freely, being made willing by his grace.¹²⁸⁹¹²⁸⁹Cant. i. 4; Psa. cx. 3; John vi. 37; Rom. vi. 16–18.	I. Deus quos ad vitam prædestinavit omnes, eosque solos dignatur per verbum suum et spiritum¹²⁹⁰¹²⁹⁰Rom. viii. 30; xi. 7; Eph. i. 10, 11. constituto suo acceptoque tempore vocare efficaciter¹²⁹¹¹²⁹¹2 Thess. ii. 13, 14; 2 Cor. iii. 3, 6. e statu illo peccati et mortis in quo sunt natura constituti, ad gratiam ac salutem per Jesum Christum;¹²⁹²¹²⁹²Rom. viii. 2; Eph. ii. 1–5; 2 Tim. i. 9, 10. idque mentes eorum illuminando, ut modo spirituali et salutari quæ Dei sunt intelligant;¹²⁹³¹²⁹³Acts xxvi. 18; 1 Cor. ii. 10, 12; Eph. i. 17, 18. tollendo eorum cor lapideum, donandoque eis cor carneum;¹²⁹⁴¹²⁹⁴Ezek. xxxvi. 26. voluntates eorum renovando ac pro potentia sua omnipotente ad bonum determinando,¹²⁹⁵¹²⁹⁵Ezek. xi. 19; Phil. ii. 13; Deut. xxx. 6; Ezek. xxxvi. 27. et ad Jesum Christum trahendo efficaciter;¹²⁹⁶¹²⁹⁶Eph. i. 19; John vi. 44, 45. ita tamen ut illi nihilominus liberrime veniant, volentes nempe facti per illius gratiam.¹²⁹⁷¹²⁹⁷Cant. i. 4; Psa. cx. 3; John vi. 37; Rom. vi. 16–18.
II. This effectual call is of God's	II. Efficax hæc vocatio est a sola

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free and special grace alone, not from any thing at all foreseen in man;¹²⁹⁸¹²⁹⁸2 Tim. i. 9; Titus iii. 4, 5; Eph. ii. 4, 5, 8, 9; Rom. ix. 11. who is altogether passive therein, until, being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit,¹²⁹⁹¹²⁹⁹1 Cor. ii. 14; Rom. viii. 7; Eph. ii. 5. he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it.¹³⁰⁰¹³⁰⁰John vi. 37; Ezek. xxxvi. 27; John v. 25.	Dei gratia:, gratuita illa et speciali; a nulla autem re in homine prævisa;¹³⁰¹¹³⁰¹2 Tim. i. 9; Titus iii. 4, 5; Eph. ii. 4, 5, 8, 9; Rom. ix. 11. qui in hoc negotio se habet omnino passive, donec per spiritum sanctum vivificatus ac renovatus,¹³⁰²¹³⁰²1 Cor. ii. 14; Rom. viii. 7; Eph. ii. 5. potis inde factus sit vocationi huic respondere, gratiamque inibi oblatam et exhibitam amplexari.¹³⁰³¹³⁰³John vi. 37; Ezek. xxxvi. 27; John v. 25.
III. Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit,¹³⁰⁴¹³⁰⁴Luke xviii. 15, 16 and Acts ii. 38, 39, and John iii. 3, 5, and 1 John v. 12, and Rom. viii. 9, compared. who worketh when, and where, and how he pleaseth.¹³⁰⁵¹³⁰⁵John iii. 8. So also are all other elect persons, who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word.¹³⁰⁶¹³⁰⁶1 John v. 12; Acts iv. 12.	III. Electi infantes in infantia sua morientes regenerantur salvanturque a Christo per spiritum¹³⁰⁷¹³⁰⁷Luke xviii. 15, 16 and Acts ii. 38, 39, and John iii. 3, 5, and 1 John v. 12, and Rom. viii. 9, compared. {qui quando et ubi, et quo sibi placuerit modo operator);¹³⁰⁸¹³⁰⁸John iii. 8. sicut et reliqui electi omnes, quotquot externæ vocationis per ministerium verbi sunt incapaces.¹³⁰⁹¹³⁰⁹1 John v. 12; Acts iv. 12.
IV. Others, not elected, although they may be called by the ministry of the Word,¹³¹⁰¹³¹⁰Matt. xxii. 14. and may have some common operations of the Spirit,¹³¹¹¹³¹¹Matt. vii. 22; xiii. 20, 21; Heb. vi. 4, 5. yet they never truly come unto¹³¹²¹³¹²[Am. ed. to.] Christ, and therefore can not be saved:¹³¹³¹³¹³John vi. 64–66; viii. 24. much less can men, not professing the Christian religion, be saved in any other way whatsoever, be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature and the law of that religion they do profess;¹³¹⁴¹³¹⁴Acts iv. 12; John xiv. 6; Eph. ii. 12; John iv. 22; xvii. 3. and to assert and maintain that they may is	IV. Alii autem, qui non electi sunt, ut ut verbi ministerio vocari possint,¹³¹⁵¹³¹⁵Matt. xxii. 14. communesque nonnullas operationes Spiritus experiri,¹³¹⁶¹³¹⁶Matt. vii. 22; xiii. 20, 21; Heb. vi. 4, 5. nunquam tamen vere ad Christum accedunt, proindeque nec salvari possunt.¹³¹⁷¹³¹⁷John vi. 64–66; viii. 24. Multo quidem minus poterunt illi, quotquot religionem Christianam non profitentur (summam licet operam navaverint moribus suis ad naturæ lumen, istiusque quam profitentur religionis legem componendis), extra hanc unicam viam salutem unquam obtinere.¹³¹⁸¹³¹⁸Acts iv. 12; John xiv. 6; Eph. ii. 12; John iv. 22; xvii. 3. Atque huic quidem contrarium

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Chapter XI.	Cap. XI.
very pernicious, and to be detested.¹³¹⁹¹³¹⁹2 John 9–11; 1 Cor. xvi. 22; Gal. i. 6–8.	statuere ac defendere, perniciosum admodum est ac detestandum.¹³²⁰¹³²⁰2 John 9–11; 1 Cor. xvi. 22; Gal. i. 6–8.
Of Justification.	De Justificatione.
I. Those whom God effectually calleth he also freely justifieth;¹³²¹¹³²¹Rom. viii. 30; iii. 24. not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous: not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ's sake alone; nor¹³²²¹³²²[Am. ed. not.] by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing the obedience and satisfaction of Christ unto them,¹³²³¹³²³Rom. iv. 5–8; 2 Cor. v. 19, 21; Rom. iii. 22, 24, 25, 27, 28; Titus iii. 5, 7; Eph. i. 7; Jer. xxiii. 6; 1 Cor. i. 30, 31; Rom. v. 17–19. they receiving and resting on him and his righteousness by faith; which faith they have not of themselves, it is the gift of God.¹³²⁴¹³²⁴Acts x. 44; Gal. ii. 16; Phil. iii. 9; Acts xiii. 38, 39; Eph. ii. 7, 8.	I. Quos Deus vocat efficaciter, eosdem etiam gratis justificat,¹³²⁵¹³²⁵Rom. viii. 30; iii. 24. non quidem justitiam iis infundendo, sed eorum peccata condonando, personasque pro justis reputando atque acceptando; neque id certe propter quicquam aut in iis productum, aut ab iis præstitum, verum Christi solius ergo; eisque ad justitiam non fidem ipsam, non credendi actum, aut aliam quamcunque obedientiam evangelicam, verum obedientiam ac satisfactionem Christi imputando,¹³²⁶¹³²⁶Rom. iv. 5–8; 2 Cor. v. 19, 21; Rom. iii. 22, 24, 25, 27, 28; Titus iii. 5, 7; Eph. i. 7; Jer. xxiii. 6; 1 Cor. i. 30, 31; Rom. v. 17–19. eum nempe recipientibus, eique ac justitiæ ejus per fidem innitentibus; quam illi fidem ex dono Dei, non a seipsis, habent.¹³²⁷¹³²⁷Acts x. 44; Gal. ii. 16; Phil. iii. 9; Acts xiii. 38, 39; Eph. ii. 7, 8.
II. Faith, thus receiving and resting on Christ and his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification;¹³²⁸¹³²⁸John i. 12; Rom. iii. 28; v. 1. yet is it not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but worketh by love.¹³²⁹¹³²⁹James ii. 17, 22, 26; Gal. v. 6.	II. Fides hoc modo Christum recipiens, eique innitens ac justitiæ ejus, est justificationis unicum instrumentum;¹³³⁰¹³³⁰John i. 12; Rom. iii. 28; v. 1. in homine tamen justificato hæc non est solitaria, verum gratiis aliis omnibus salutaribus semper comitata; neque est hæc fides mortua, sed quæ per charitatem operatur.¹³³¹¹³³¹James ii. 17, 22, 26; Gal. v. 6.
III. Christ, by his obedience and	III. Qui hunc in modum justificantur,

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death, did fully discharge the debt of all those that are thus justified, and did make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to his Father's justice in their behalf.¹³³²¹³³²Rom. v. 8–10, 19; 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6; Heb. x. 10, 14; Dan. ix. 24, 26; Isa. liii. 4–6, 10–12. Yet inasmuch as he was given by the Father for them,¹³³³¹³³³Rom. viii. 32. and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead,¹³³⁴¹³³⁴2 Cor. v. 21; Matt. iii. 17; Eph. v. 2. and both freely, not for any thing in them, their justification is only of free grace;¹³³⁵¹³³⁵Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners.¹³³⁶¹³³⁶Rom. iii. 26; Eph. ii. 7.	eorum omnium debita Christus per obedientiam suam mortemque prorsus dissolvit; eorumque vice justitiæ Patris sui realem, plenum, et proprie dictam satisfactionem præstitit.¹³³⁷¹³³⁷Rom. v. 8–10, 19; 1 Tim. ii. 5, 6; Heb. x. 10, 14; Dan. ix. 24, 26; Isa. liii. 4–6, 10–12. Quum tamen non propter in iis quicquam, verum gratuito Pater cum Christum ipsum pro eis dederit,¹³³⁸¹³³⁸Rom. viii. 32. tum obedientiam ejus ac satisfactionem tanquam eorum loco constituti¹³³⁹¹³³⁹2 Cor. v. 21; Matt. iii. 17; Eph. v. 2. acceptaverit; omnino a gratia gratuita est eorum justificatio;¹³⁴⁰¹³⁴⁰Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. Quo nimirum Dei tum accurata justitia tum locuples gratia glorificata foret in justificatione peccatorum.¹³⁴¹¹³⁴¹Rom. iii. 26; Eph. ii. 7.
IV. God did, from all eternity, decree to justify all the elect,¹³⁴²¹³⁴²Gal. iii. 8; 1 Pet. i. 2, 19, 20; Rom. viii. 30. and Christ did, in the fullness of time, die for their sins, and rise again for their justification:¹³⁴³¹³⁴³Gal. iv. 4; 1 Tim. ii. 6; Rom. iv. 25. nevertheless, they are not justified until the Holy Spirit doth, in due time, actually apply Christ unto them.¹³⁴⁴¹³⁴⁴Col. i. 21, 22; Gal. ii. 16; Titus iii. 4–7.	IV. Ab æterno decrevit Deus electos omnes justificare,¹³⁴⁵¹³⁴⁵Gal. iii. 8; 1 Pet. i. 2, 19, 20; Rom. viii. 30. Christusque in temporis plenitudine mortuus est pro eorum peccatis, et in justificationem eorum resurrexit:¹³⁴⁶¹³⁴⁶Gal. iv. 4; 1 Tim. ii. 6; Rom. iv. 25. nihilo minus tamen justificati prius non sunt, quam Christum eis in tempore suo opportuno Spiritus Sanctus actu applicuerit.¹³⁴⁷¹³⁴⁷Col. i. 21, 22; Gal. ii. 16; Titus iii. 4–7.
V. God doth continue to forgive the sins of those that are justified;¹³⁴⁸¹³⁴⁸Matt. vi. 12; 1 John i. 7, 9; ii. 1, 2. and although they can never fall from the state of justification,¹³⁴⁹¹³⁴⁹Luke xxii. 32; John x. 28; Heb. x. 14. yet they may by their sins fall under God's fatherly displeasure, and not have the light of his countenance restored unto them, until they humble themselves,	V. Perseverat Deus eorum peccata condonare quos semel justificavit,¹³⁵⁰¹³⁵⁰Matt. vi. 12; 1 John i. 7, 9; ii. 1, 2. quin et etiamsi excidere statu justificationis nunquam possint;¹³⁵¹¹³⁵¹Luke xxii. 32; John x. 28; Heb. x. 14. fieri tamen potest ut iræ Dei, paternæ quidem illi, per peccata sua se exponant, nec lumen paterni vultus prius sibi habeant restitutum, quam semet ipsos humiliaverint,

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Chapter XII.	Cap. XII.
confess their sins, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance.¹³⁵²¹³⁵²Psa. lxxxix. 31–33; li. 7–12; xxxii. 5; Matt. xxvi. 75; 1 Cor. xi. 30, 32; Luke i. 20.	peccata agnoverint, imploraverint veniam, fidem denique et pœnitentiam suam renovaverint.¹³⁵³¹³⁵³Psa. lxxxix. 31–33; li. 7–12; xxxii. 5; Matt. xxvi. 75; 1 Cor. xi. 30, 32; Luke i. 20.
VI. The justification of believers under the Old Testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the New Testament.¹³⁵⁴¹³⁵⁴Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8.	VI. Justificatio fidelium sub Vetere ac Novo¹³⁵⁵¹³⁵⁵Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8. Testamento quoad isthæc omnia est una eademque.¹³⁵⁶¹³⁵⁶Gal. iii. 9, 13, 14; Rom. iv. 22–24; Heb.xiii. 8.
Of Adoption.	De Adoptione.
All those that are justified God vouchsafeth, in and for his only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption;¹³⁵⁷¹³⁵⁷Eph. i. 5; Gal. iv. 4, 5. by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God;¹³⁵⁸¹³⁵⁸Rom. viii. 17; John i. 12. have his name put upon them;¹³⁵⁹¹³⁵⁹Jer. xiv. 9; 2 Cor. vi. 18; Rev. iii. 12. receive the Spirit of adoption;¹³⁶⁰¹³⁶⁰Rom. viii. 15. have access to the throne of grace with boldness;¹³⁶¹¹³⁶¹Eph. iii. 12; Rom. v. 2. are enabled to cry, Abba, Father;¹³⁶²¹³⁶²Gal. iv. 6. are pitied,¹³⁶³¹³⁶³Psa. ciii. 13. protected,¹³⁶⁴¹³⁶⁴Prov. xiv. 26. provided for,¹³⁶⁵¹³⁶⁵Matt. vi. 30, 32; 1 Pet. v. 7. and chastened by him as by a father;¹³⁶⁶¹³⁶⁶Heb. xii. 6. yet never cast off,¹³⁶⁷¹³⁶⁷Lam. iii. 31. but sealed to the day of redemption,¹³⁶⁸¹³⁶⁸Eph. iv. 30. and inherit the promises,¹³⁶⁹¹³⁶⁹Heb. vi. 12. as heirs of everlasting salvation.¹³⁷⁰¹³⁷⁰l Pet. i. 3, 4; Heb. i. 14.	Deus justificatos omnes dignatur in filio suo unigenito Jesu Christo, et propter eundem participes facere gratiæ Adoptionis;¹³⁷¹¹³⁷¹Eph. i. 5; Gal. iv. 4, 5. per quam in numerum filiorum Dei assumuntur, taliumque immunitatibus ac privilegiis potiuntur,¹³⁷²¹³⁷²Rom. viii. 17; John i. 12. impositum sibi habent nomen Dei,¹³⁷³¹³⁷³Jer. xiv. 9; 2 Cor. vi. 18; Rev. iii. 12. Spiritum adoptionis accipiunt,¹³⁷⁴¹³⁷⁴Rom. viii. 15. aditum habent ad thronum gratiæ cum confidentia,¹³⁷⁵¹³⁷⁵Eph. iii. 12; Rom. v. 2. potestatem consequuntur clamandi Abba Pater,¹³⁷⁶¹³⁷⁶Gal. iv. 6. commiserationem,¹³⁷⁷¹³⁷⁷Psa. ciii. 13. tutelam,¹³⁷⁸¹³⁷⁸Prov. xiv. 26. et providentiam¹³⁷⁹¹³⁷⁹Matt. vi. 30, 32; 1 Pet. v. 7. sortiuntur; quin et castigationem Dei paternam experiuntur;¹³⁸⁰¹³⁸⁰Heb. xii. 6. nunquam tamen abdicantur,¹³⁸¹¹³⁸¹Lam. iii. 31. verum in diem redemptionis consignati¹³⁸²¹³⁸²Eph. iv. 30. promissiones obtinent hæreditario jure,¹³⁸³¹³⁸³Heb. vi. 12. ut qui hæredes sunt æternæ salutis.¹³⁸⁴¹³⁸⁴l Pet. i. 3, 4; Heb. i. 14.

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Chapter XIII.	Cap. XIII.
Of Sanctification.	De Sanctificatione.
I. They who are effectually called and regenerated, having a new heart and a new spirit created in them, are further sanctified, really and personally, through the virtue of Christ's death and resurrection,¹³⁸⁵¹³⁸⁵1 Cor. vi. 11; Acts xx. 32; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6. by his Word and Spirit dwelling in them;¹³⁸⁶¹³⁸⁶John xvii. 17; Eph. v. 26; 2 Thess. ii. 13. the dominion of the whole body of sin is destroyed,¹³⁸⁷¹³⁸⁷Rom. vi. 6, 14. and the several lusts thereof are more and more weakened and mortified,¹³⁸⁸¹³⁸⁸Gal. v. 24; Rom. viii. 13.and they more and more quickened and strengthened, in all saving graces,¹³⁸⁹¹³⁸⁹Col. i. 11; Eph. iii. 16–19. to the practice of true holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord.¹³⁹⁰¹³⁹⁰2 Cor. vii. 1; Heb. xii. 14.	I. Quotquot efficaciter vocantur, ac regenerantur, cor novum habentes novumque spiritum in se creatum, sunt virtute mortis et resurrectionis Christi¹³⁹¹¹³⁹¹1 Cor. vi. 11; Acts xx. 32; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6. per verbum ejus spiritumque in eis inhabitantem¹³⁹²¹³⁹²John xvii. 17; Eph. v. 26; 2 Thess. ii. 13. ulterius sandificati, realiter quidem ac personaliter: totius corporis peccati dominium in eos destruitur,¹³⁹³¹³⁹³Rom. vi. 6, 14. ejusque variæ libidines debilitantur indies magis magisque ac mortificantur;¹³⁹⁴¹³⁹⁴Gal. v. 24; Rom. viii. 13. illi interim magis magisque in omni gratia salutari vivificantur et corroborantur indies,¹³⁹⁵¹³⁹⁵Col. i. 11; Eph. iii. 16–19. ad praxim veræ sanctimoniæ, qua quidem destitutus nemo unquam videbit Dominum.¹³⁹⁶¹³⁹⁶2 Cor. vii. 1; Heb. xii. 14.
II. This sanctification is throughout in the whole man,¹³⁹⁷¹³⁹⁷1 Thess. v. 23. yet imperfect in this life; there abideth still some remnants of corruption in every part,¹³⁹⁸¹³⁹⁸1 John i. 10; Rom. vii. 18, 23; Phil. iii. 12. whence ariseth a continual and irreconcilable war, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh.¹³⁹⁹¹³⁹⁹Gal. v. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 11.	II. Universalis est hæc et per totum hominem diffusa sanctificatio,¹⁴⁰⁰¹⁴⁰⁰1 Thess. v. 23. verum in hac vita est imperfecta nonnullis corruptionis reliquiis adhuc in omni parte remanentibus,¹⁴⁰¹¹⁴⁰¹1 John i. 10; Rom. vii. 18, 23; Phil. iii. 12. unde bellum exoritur perpetuum et implacabile; hinc carne adversus spiritum, illinc spiritu adversus carnem concupiscente.¹⁴⁰²¹⁴⁰²Gal. v. 17; 1 Pet. ii. 11.
III. In which war, although the remaining corruption for a time may much prevail,¹⁴⁰³¹⁴⁰³Rom. vii. 23. yet, through the continual supply of strength from the sanctifying Spirit of	III. In quo quidem bello licet corruptio residua possit aliquandiu prævalere plurimum,¹⁴⁰⁴¹⁴⁰⁴Rom. vii. 23. pars tamen regenita, sanctificante Christi spiritu perpetuas ferente suppetias,

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Chapter XIV.	Cap. XIV.
Christ, the regenerate part doth overcome;¹⁴⁰⁵¹⁴⁰⁵Rom. vi. 14; 1 John v. 4; Eph. iv. 15, 16. and so the saints grow in grace,¹⁴⁰⁶¹⁴⁰⁶2 Pet. iii. 18; 2 Cor. iii. 18. perfecting holiness in the fear of God.¹⁴⁰⁷¹⁴⁰⁷2 Cor. vii. 1.	evadit victrix);¹⁴⁰⁸¹⁴⁰⁸Rom. vi. 14; 1 John v. 4; Eph. iv. 15, 16. adeoque sancti in gratia crescunt,¹⁴⁰⁹¹⁴⁰⁹2 Pet. iii. 18; 2 Cor. iii. 18. sanctitatem in timore Domini perficientes.¹⁴¹⁰¹⁴¹⁰2 Cor. vii. 1.
Of Saving Faith.	De Fide salvifica.
I. The grace of faith, whereby the elect are enabled to believe to the saving of their souls,¹⁴¹¹¹⁴¹¹Heb. x. 39. is the work of the Spirit of Christ in their hearts,¹⁴¹²¹⁴¹²2 Cor. iv. 13; Eph. i. 17–19; ii. 8. and is ordinarily wrought by the ministry of the Word;¹⁴¹³¹⁴¹³Rom. x. 14, 17. by which also, and by the administration of the sacraments and prayer, it is increased and strengthened.¹⁴¹⁴¹⁴¹⁴1 Pet. ii. 2; Acts xx. 32; Rom. iv. 11; Luke xvii. 5; Rom. i. 16, 17.	I. Gratia Fidei, qua electi credere valent ad animarum suarum salutem,¹⁴¹⁵¹⁴¹⁵Heb. x. 39. Spiritus Christi opus est in eorum cordibus operantis,¹⁴¹⁶¹⁴¹⁶2 Cor. iv. 13; Eph. i. 17–19; ii. 8. effectum plerumque verbi Dei ministerio,¹⁴¹⁷¹⁴¹⁷Rom. x. 14, 17. quo eodem etiam, ut et administratione Sacramentorum atque oratione robur ei accedit ac incrementum.¹⁴¹⁸¹⁴¹⁸1 Pet. ii. 2; Acts xx. 32; Rom. iv. 11; Luke xvii. 5; Rom. i. 16, 17.
II. By this faith a Christian believeth to be true whatsoever is revealed in the Word, for the authority of God himself speaking therein;¹⁴¹⁹¹⁴¹⁹John iv. 42; 1 Thess. ii. 13; 1 John v. 10; Acts xxiv. 14. and acteth differently upon that which each particular passage thereof containeth; yielding obedience to the commands,¹⁴²⁰¹⁴²⁰Rom. xvi. 26. trembling at the threatenings,¹⁴²¹¹⁴²¹Isa. lxvi. 2. and embracing the promises of God for this life and that which is to come.¹⁴²²¹⁴²²Heb. xi. 13; 1 Tim. iv. 8. But the principal acts of saving faith are accepting, receiving, and resting upon Christ alone	II. Hac Fide credit Christianus verum esse quicquid in verbo revelatur, propter authoritatem ipsius inibi loquentis Dei;¹⁴²³¹⁴²³John iv. 42; 1 Thess. ii. 13; 1 John v. 10; Acts xxiv. 14. et varie quidem in illud agit tum obsequendo mandatis,¹⁴²⁴¹⁴²⁴Rom. xvi. 26. tum ad minas contremiscens,¹⁴²⁵¹⁴²⁵Isa. lxvi. 2. tum etiam promissa Dei, seu præsentem hanc vitam seu futuram spectent, amplexando,¹⁴²⁶¹⁴²⁶Heb. xi. 13; 1 Tim. iv. 8. pro varia nempe ratione illarum rerum, quæ in singulis verbi partibus continentur. Verum fidei salvificæ actus illi sunt præcipui, Christi acceptatio et receptio, in eumque solum

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Chapter XV.	Cap. XV.
for justification, sanctification, and eternal life, by virtue of the covenant of grace.¹⁴²⁷¹⁴²⁷John i. 12; Acts xvi. 31; Gal. ii. 20; Acts xv. 11.	recumbentia pro justificatione, sanctificatione, ipsaque adeo vita æterna, virtute fœderis gratiæ consequendis.¹⁴²⁸¹⁴²⁸John i. 12; Acts xvi. 31; Gal. ii. 20; Acts xv. 11.
III. This faith is different in degrees, weak or strong;¹⁴²⁹¹⁴²⁹Heb. v. 13, 14; Rom. iv. 19, 20; Matt. vi. 30; viii. 10. may be often and many ways assailed and weakened, but gets the victory;¹⁴³⁰¹⁴³⁰Luke xxii. 31, 32; Eph. vi. 16; 1 John v. 4, 5. growing up in many to the attainment of a full assurance through Christ,¹⁴³¹¹⁴³¹Heb. vi. 11, 12; x. 22; Col. ii. 2. who is both the author and finisher of our faith.¹⁴³²¹⁴³²Heb. xii. 2.	III. Fides hæc pro diversis ejus gradibus debilior est aut fortior;¹⁴³³¹⁴³³Heb. v. 13, 14; Rom. iv. 19, 20; Matt. vi. 30; viii. 10. impugnari quidem sæpenumero multisque modis ac debilitari potest, non ita tamen quin victrix evadat;¹⁴³⁴¹⁴³⁴Luke xxii. 31, 32; Eph. vi. 16; 1 John v. 4, 5. et quidem in multis ad plenum usque certitudinem per Christum adolescit,¹⁴³⁵¹⁴³⁵Heb. vi. 11, 12; x. 22; Col. ii. 2. qui fidei nostræ idem author est et consummator.¹⁴³⁶¹⁴³⁶Heb. xii. 2.
Of Repentance unto Life.	De resipiscentia ad vitam.
I. Repentance unto life is an evangelical grace,¹⁴³⁷¹⁴³⁷Zech. xii. 10; Acts xi. 18. the doctrine whereof is to be preached by every minister of the gospel, as well as that of faith in Christ.¹⁴³⁸¹⁴³⁸Luke xxiv. 47; Mark i. 15; Acts xx. 21.	I. Resipiscentia ad vitam est gratia Evangelica,¹⁴³⁹¹⁴³⁹Zech. xii. 10; Acts xi. 18. cuius quidem doctrina pariter ac illa de fide in Christum est a singulis ministris Evangelii prædicanda.
II. By it a sinner, out of the sight and sense, not only of the danger, but also of the filthiness and odiousness of his sins, as contrary to the holy nature and righteous law of God, and upon the apprehension of his mercy in Christ to such as are penitent, so grieves for and hates his sins as to turn from them all unto God,¹⁴⁴⁰¹⁴⁴⁰Ezek. xviii. 30, 31; xxxvi. 31; Isa. xxx. 22; Psa. li. 4; Jer. xxxi. 18, 19; Joel ii. 12, 13; Amos v. 15; Psa. cxix. 128; 2 Cor. vii. 11. purposing and endeavoring	II. Per eam peccator ex inspectu sensuque non solum periculi verum etiam turpitudinis, ac naturæ peccatorum suorum prorsus abominandæ.¹⁴⁴¹¹⁴⁴¹Luke xxiv. 47; Mark i. 15; Acts xx. 21. utpote sanctæ Dei naturæ, justæque legi adversantium, atque e perspecta ejus erga pœnitentes in Christo misericordia, ita peccata sua deflet ac detestatur, ut ab eis omnibus ad Deum convertatur¹⁴⁴²¹⁴⁴²Ezek. xviii. 30, 31; xxxvi. 31; Isa. xxx. 22; Psa. li. 4; Jer. xxxi. 18, 19; Joel ii. 12, 13; Amos v. 15; Psa. cxix. 128; 2 Cor. vii. 11. cum proposito conatuque in cunctis mandatorum

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to walk with him in all the ways of his commandments.¹⁴⁴³¹⁴⁴³Psa. cxix. 6, 59, 106; Luke i. 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 25.	ejus viis cum eodem ambulandi.¹⁴⁴⁴¹⁴⁴⁴Psa. cxix. 6, 59, 106; Luke i. 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 25.
III. Although repentance be not to be rested in as any satisfaction for sin, or any cause of the pardon thereof,¹⁴⁴⁵¹⁴⁴⁵Ezek. xxxvi. 31, 32; xvi. 61–63. which is the act of God's free grace in Christ;¹⁴⁴⁶¹⁴⁴⁶Hos. xiv. 2, 4; Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. yet is it of such necessity to all sinners that none may expect pardon without it.¹⁴⁴⁷¹⁴⁴⁷Luke xiii. 3, 5; Acts xvii. 30, 31.	III. Etsi resipiscentiæ nobis fidendum non sit, ac si ea esset ulla aut pro peccatis satisfactio, aut causa remissionis peccatorum¹⁴⁴⁸¹⁴⁴⁸Ezek. xxxvi. 31, 32; xvi. 61–63. (qui gratiæ Dei in Christo gratuitæ actus est),¹⁴⁴⁹¹⁴⁴⁹Hos. xiv. 2, 4; Rom. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7. est nihilominus cunctis peccatoribus usque adeo necessaria, ut sine ea nulla cuivis unquam remissio sit expectanda.¹⁴⁵⁰¹⁴⁵⁰Luke xiii. 3, 5; Acts xvii. 30, 31.
IV. As there is no sin so small but it deserves damnation,¹⁴⁵¹¹⁴⁵¹Rom. vi. 23; v. 12; Matt. xii. 36. so there is no sin so great that it can bring damnation upon those who truly repent.¹⁴⁵²¹⁴⁵²Isa. lv. 7; Rom. viii. 1; Isa. i. 16, 18.	IV. Quemadmodum nullum est peccatum adeo exiguum ut damnationem non mereatur,¹⁴⁵³¹⁴⁵³Rom. vi. 23; v. 12; Matt. xii. 36. ita neque magnum adeo peccatum ullum est, ut damnationem inferre possit vere pœnitentibus.¹⁴⁵⁴¹⁴⁵⁴Isa. lv. 7; Rom. viii. 1; Isa. i. 16, 18.
V. Men ought not to content themselves with a general repentance, but it is every man's duty to endeavor to repent of his particular sins particularly.¹⁴⁵⁵¹⁴⁵⁵Psa. xix. 13; Luke xix. 8; 1 Tim. i. 13, 15.	V. In resipiscentia generali acquiescendum non est, verum ad id contendere tenetur quisque, ut singulorum suorum peccatorum quam particularem agat pœnitentiam.¹⁴⁵⁶¹⁴⁵⁶Psa. xix. 13; Luke xix. 8; 1 Tim. i. 13, 15.
VI. As every man is bound to make private confession of his sins to God, praying for the pardon thereof,¹⁴⁵⁷¹⁴⁵⁷Psa. li. 4, 5, 7, 9, 14; xxxii. 5, 6. upon which, and the forsaking of them, he shall find mercy;¹⁴⁵⁸¹⁴⁵⁸Prov. xxviii. 13; 1 John i. 9. so he that scandalizeth his brother, or the Church of Christ, ought to be willing, by a private or public confession and sorrow for his sin, to declare his repentance	VI. Quemadmodum autem tenetur quivis peccata sua Deo privatim confiteri, et pro remissione illorum precibus contendere:¹⁴⁵⁹¹⁴⁵⁹Psa. li. 4, 5, 7, 9, 14; xxxii. 5, 6. (quod si præstiterit et peccata simul dereliquerit, misericordiam consequetur)¹⁴⁶⁰¹⁴⁶⁰Prov. xxviii. 13; 1 John i. 9. ita qui fratri suo, aut Ecclesiæ Christi, scandalo fuerit, promptus et paratus esse debet qua confessione sive privata, sive etiam publica, qua de peccatis

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Chapter XVI.	Cap. XVI.
to those that are offended,¹⁴⁶¹¹⁴⁶¹James v. 16; Luke xvii. 3, 4; Josh. vii. 19; Psa. li. throughout. who are thereupon to be reconciled to him, and in love to receive him.¹⁴⁶²¹⁴⁶²2 Cor. ii. 8; [Amer. ed. Gal. vi. 1, 2].	suis dolore, resipiscentiam suam eis quibus offendiculo fuerit declarare,¹⁴⁶³¹⁴⁶³James v. 16; Luke xvii. 3, 4; Josh. vii. 19; Psa. li. throughout. quo præstito illi redire cum eo in gratiam debent, eumque denuo cum charitate recipere.¹⁴⁶⁴¹⁴⁶⁴2 Cor. ii. 8; [Amer. ed. Gal. vi. 1, 2].
Of Good Works.	De bonis operibus.
I. Good works are only such as God hath commanded in his holy Word,¹⁴⁶⁵¹⁴⁶⁵Micah vi. 8; Rom. xii. 2; Heb. xiii. 21. and not such as, without the warrant thereof, are devised by men out of blind zeal, or upon any pretense of good intention.¹⁴⁶⁶¹⁴⁶⁶Matt. xv. 9; Isa. xxix. 13; 1 Pet. i. 18; Rom. x. 2; John xvi. 2; 1 Sam. xv. 21–23.	I. Bona opera ea tantum sunt quæ in verbo suo sancto præcepit Deus;¹⁴⁶⁷¹⁴⁶⁷Micah vi. 8; Rom. xii. 2; Heb. xiii. 21. minime autem ea quæ absque ulla illius authoritate, sunt ab hominibus excogitata, sive e cæco zelo id factum fuerit, seu bonæ intentionis prætextu quoviscunque.¹⁴⁶⁸¹⁴⁶⁸Matt. xv. 9; Isa. xxix. 13; 1 Pet. i. 18; Rom. x. 2; John xvi. 2; 1 Sam. xv. 21–23.
II. These good works, done in obedience to God's commandments, are the fruits and evidences of a true and lively faith;¹⁴⁶⁹¹⁴⁶⁹James ii. 18, 22. and by them believers manifest their thankfulness,¹⁴⁷⁰¹⁴⁷⁰Psa. cxvi. 12, 13; 1 Pet. ii. 9. strengthen their assurance,¹⁴⁷¹¹⁴⁷¹1 John ii. 3, 5; 2 Pet i. 5–10. edify their brethren,¹⁴⁷²¹⁴⁷²2 Cor. ix. 2; Matt. v. 16. adorn the profession of the gospel,¹⁴⁷³¹⁴⁷³Tit. ii. 5, 9–12; 1 Tim. vi. 1. stop the mouths of the adversaries,¹⁴⁷⁴¹⁴⁷⁴1 Pet. ii. 15. and glorify God,¹⁴⁷⁵¹⁴⁷⁵1 Pet. ii. 12; Phil. i. 11; John xv. 8. whose workmanship they are, created in Christ Jesus thereunto,¹⁴⁷⁶¹⁴⁷⁶Eph. ii. 10. that, having their fruit unto holiness, they may have the end, eternal life.¹⁴⁷⁷¹⁴⁷⁷Rom. vi. 22.	II. Bona hæc opera e conscientia mandatorum Dei præstita vivæ veræque fidei fructus sunt ac evidentiæ;¹⁴⁷⁸¹⁴⁷⁸James ii. 18, 22. per hæc fideles gratitudinem suam manifestant,¹⁴⁷⁹¹⁴⁷⁹Psa. cxvi. 12, 13; 1 Pet. ii. 9. de salute certitudinem suam augent,¹⁴⁸⁰¹⁴⁸⁰1 John ii. 3, 5; 2 Pet i. 5–10. fratres suos ædificant,¹⁴⁸¹¹⁴⁸¹2 Cor. ix. 2; Matt. v. 16. Evangelii professionem ornant,¹⁴⁸²¹⁴⁸²Tit. ii. 5, 9–12; 1 Tim. vi. 1. obturant ora adversantibus,¹⁴⁸³¹⁴⁸³1 Pet. ii. 15. ac Deum denique glorificant,¹⁴⁸⁴¹⁴⁸⁴1 Pet. ii. 12; Phil. i. 11; John xv. 8. cuius opificium sunt in Jesu Christo ad hæc creati,¹⁴⁸⁵¹⁴⁸⁵Eph. ii. 10. quo fructum habentes ad sanctimoniam, finem consequantur æternam vitam.¹⁴⁸⁶¹⁴⁸⁶Rom. vi. 22.
III. Their ability to do good	III. Quod bonis operibus idonei

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works is not at all of themselves, but wholly from the Spirit of Christ.¹⁴⁸⁷¹⁴⁸⁷John xv. 4–6; Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27. And that they may be enabled thereunto, besides the graces they have already received, there is required an actual influence of the same Holy Spirit to work in them to will and to do of his good pleasure;¹⁴⁸⁸¹⁴⁸⁸Phil. ii. 13; iv. 13; 2 Cor. iii. 5. yet are they not hereupon to grow negligent, as if they were not bound to perform any duty unless upon a special motion of the Spirit; but they ought to be diligent in stirring up the grace of God that is in them.¹⁴⁸⁹¹⁴⁸⁹Phil. ii. 12; Heb. vi. 11, 12; 2 Pet. i. 3, 5, 10, 11; Isa. lxiv. 7; 2 Tim. i. 6; Acts xxvi. 6, 7; Jude 20, 21.	sint præstandis omnino id a spiritu Christi est, nullatenus autem e seipsis.¹⁴⁹⁰¹⁴⁹⁰John xv. 4–6; Ezek. xxxvi. 26, 27. Et quo eis præstandis pares fiant, prater habitus gratiæ iam infusos, ejusdem Spiritus sancti actualis porro requiritur influentia, qua nempe in iis operetur tum velle tum etiam efficere pro suo ipsius beneplacito:¹⁴⁹¹¹⁴⁹¹Phil. ii. 13; iv. 13; 2 Cor. iii. 5. sed neque tamen iis proinde socordiæ sese licet permittere; ac si nisi specialiter eos excitante Spiritu ad nulla pietatis officia præstanda tenerentur; verum sedulam debent navare operam sustitandæ illi quæ in iis est divinæ gratiæ.¹⁴⁹²¹⁴⁹²Phil. ii. 12; Heb. vi. 11, 12; 2 Pet. i. 3, 5, 10, 11; Isa. lxiv. 7; 2 Tim. i. 6; Acts xxvi. 6, 7; Jude 20, 21.
IV. They who in their obedience attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate and to do more than God requires, as¹⁴⁹³¹⁴⁹³[Amer. ed. omits as.] that they fall short of much which in duty they are bound to do.¹⁴⁹⁴¹⁴⁹⁴Luke xvii. 10; Neh. xiii. 22; Job ix. 2, 3; Gal. v. 17.	IV. Qui gradum obedientiæ summum quidem in hac vita possibilem assequuntur, tantum abest ut supererogare quicquam possint ac plus præstare quam quod Deus requisiverit, ut multum sane subsidant infra illud, quod ex officio præstare obligantur.¹⁴⁹⁵¹⁴⁹⁵Luke xvii. 10; Neh. xiii. 22; Job ix. 2, 3; Gal. v. 17.
V. We can not, by our best works, merit pardon of sin, or eternal life at the hand of God, by reason of the great disproportion that is between them and the glory to come, and the infinite distance that is between us and God, whom by them we can neither profit nor satisfy	V. Peccatorum veniam, aut vitam æternam de Deo mereri non valemus, ne optimis quidem operibus nostris; cum propter summam illam inter ea et futuram gloriam disparitatem; tum etiam propter infinitam distantiam quæ inter nos ac Deum intercedit; cui nos per illa nec prodesse

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for the debt of our former sins;¹⁴⁹⁶¹⁴⁹⁶Rom. iii. 20; iv. 2, 4, 6; Eph. ii. 8, 9; Titus iii. 5–7; Rom. viii. 18; Psa. xvi. 2; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8. but when we have done all we can, we have done but our duty, and are unprofitable servants;¹⁴⁹⁷¹⁴⁹⁷Luke xvii. 10. and because, as they are good, they proceed from his Spirit;¹⁴⁹⁸¹⁴⁹⁸Gal. v. 22, 23. and as they are wrought by us, they are defiled and mixed with so much weakness and imperfection that they can not endure the severity of God's judgment.¹⁴⁹⁹¹⁴⁹⁹Isa. lxiv. 6; Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18; Psa. cxliii. 2; cxxx. 3.	quicquam possumus, neque pro antecedentium peccatorum nostrorum debito satisfacere;¹⁵⁰⁰¹⁵⁰⁰Rom. iii. 20; iv. 2, 4, 6; Eph. ii. 8, 9; Titus iii. 5–7; Rom. viii. 18; Psa. xvi. 2; Job xxii. 2, 3; xxxv. 7, 8. verum cum quantum possumus fecerimus, non nisi quod debemus præstiterimus, ac servi inutiles futuri sumus;¹⁵⁰¹¹⁵⁰¹Luke xvii. 10. tum denique quoniam a spiritu Dei in quantum bona sunt proficiscuntur,¹⁵⁰²¹⁵⁰²Gal. v. 22, 23. ita vero sunt coinquinata, tantumque imperfectionis ac infirmitas admistum habent, prout a nobis efficiuntur, ut strictum Dei judicium non sint ferendo.¹⁵⁰³¹⁵⁰³Isa. lxiv. 6; Gal. v. 17; Rom. vii. 15, 18; Psa. cxliii. 2; cxxx. 3.
VI. Yet notwithstanding, the persons of believers being accepted through Christ, their good works also are accepted in him,¹⁵⁰⁴¹⁵⁰⁴Eph. i. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5; Exod. xxviii. 38; Gen. iv. 4 with Heb. xi. 4. not as though they were in this life wholly unblamable and unreprovable in God's sight;¹⁵⁰⁵¹⁵⁰⁵Job ix. 20; Psa. cxliii. 2. but that he, looking upon them in his Son, is pleased to accept and reward that which is sincere, although accompanied with many weaknesses and imperfections.¹⁵⁰⁶¹⁵⁰⁶Heb. xiii. 20, 21; 2 Cor. viii. 12; Heb. vi. 10; Matt. xxv. 21, 23.	VI. Nihilominus tamen acceptis in gratiam per Christum fidelium personis, eorum etiam opera bona per eundem accepta sunt;¹⁵⁰⁷¹⁵⁰⁷Eph. i. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 5; Exod. xxviii. 38; Gen. iv. 4 with Heb. xi. 4. non quod in hac vita sint omnis culpæ prorsus immunia, quæque in conspectu Dei nullam reprehensionem mereantur;¹⁵⁰⁸¹⁵⁰⁸Job ix. 20; Psa. cxliii. 2. verum quod illa respiciens in filio suo Deus, quod sincerum est, utcunque multis infirmitatibus ac imperfectionibus involutum, acceptare dignetur ac remunerari.¹⁵⁰⁹¹⁵⁰⁹Heb. xiii. 20, 21; 2 Cor. viii. 12; Heb. vi. 10; Matt. xxv. 21, 23.
VII. Works done by unregenerate men, although for the matter of them they may be things which God commands, and of good use both to themselves and others;¹⁵¹⁰¹⁵¹⁰2 Kings x. 30, 31; 1 Kings xxi. 27, 29; Phil. i. 15, 16, 18.	VII. Opera nondum regenitorum, licet, quoad materiam præcepto divino conformia esse possint, sibique ipsis et aliis item utilia;¹⁵¹¹¹⁵¹¹2 Kings x. 30, 31; 1 Kings xxi. 27, 29; Phil. i. 15, 16, 18. cum tamen neque a corde profluant per fidem

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Chapter XVII.	Cap. XVII.
yet because they proceed not from a heart purified by faith,¹⁵¹²¹⁵¹²Gen. iv. 3–5 with Heb. xi. 4, 6. nor are done in a right manner, according to the Word,¹⁵¹³¹⁵¹³1 Cor. xiii. 3; Isa. i. 12. nor to a right end, the glory of God;¹⁵¹⁴¹⁵¹⁴Matt. vi. 2, 5, 16. they are therefore sinful, and can not please God, or make a man meet to receive grace from God.¹⁵¹⁵¹⁵¹⁵Hag. ii. 14; Titus i. 15; Amos v. 21, 22; Hos. i. 4; Rom. ix. 16; Titus iii. 5. And yet their neglect of them is more sinful and displeasing unto God.¹⁵¹⁶¹⁵¹⁶Psa. xiv. 4; xxxvi. 3; Job xxi. 14, 15; Matt. xxv. 41–45; xxiii. 23.	depurato,¹⁵¹⁷¹⁵¹⁷Gen. iv. 3–5 with Heb. xi. 4, 6. nec secundum verbum eo quo par est præstentur modo,¹⁵¹⁸¹⁵¹⁸1 Cor. xiii. 3; Isa. i. 12. sed neque ad finem debitum, Dei nempe gloriam, destinentur;¹⁵¹⁹¹⁵¹⁹Matt. vi. 2, 5, 16. sunt proinde peccata, nec Deo grata esse possunt, nec reddere quenquam valent idoneum ad gratiam a Deo recipiendum.¹⁵²⁰¹⁵²⁰Hag. ii. 14; Titus i. 15; Amos v. 21, 22; Hos. i. 4; Rom. ix. 16; Titus iii. 5. Ejusmodi tamen operum neglectu, gravius quidem illi peccant Deumque offendunt vehementius.¹⁵²¹¹⁵²¹Psa. xiv. 4; xxxvi. 3; Job xxi. 14, 15; Matt. xxv. 41–45; xxiii. 23.
Of the Perseverance of the Saints.	De perseverantia Sanctorum.
I. They whom God hath accepted in his Beloved, effectually called and sanctified by his Spirit, can neither totally nor finally fall away from the state of grace; but shall certainly persevere therein to the end, and be eternally saved.¹⁵²²¹⁵²²Phil. i. 6; 2 Pet. i. 10; John x. 28, 29; 1 John iii. 9; 1 Pet. i. 5, 9; [Am. ed. Job xvii. 9].	I. Quotquot Deus in dilecto suo acceptavit, vocavit efficaciter ac per Spiritum suum sanctificavit, non possunt illi statu gratiæ aut finaliter excidere aut totaliter; verum in eo ad finem usque certo perseverabunt, ac salutem æternam consequentur.¹⁵²³¹⁵²³Phil. i. 6; 2 Pet. i. 10; John x. 28, 29; 1 John iii. 9; 1 Pet. i. 5, 9; [Am. ed. Job xvii. 9].
II. This perseverance of the saints depends, not upon their own freewill, but upon the immutability of the decree of election, flowing from the free and unchangeable love of God the Father;¹⁵²⁴¹⁵²⁴2 Tim. ii. 18, 19; Jer. xxxi. 3. upon the efficacy of the merit and intercession of Jesus Christ;¹⁵²⁵¹⁵²⁵Heb. x. 10, 14; xiii. 20, 21; ix. 12–15; Rom. viii. 33, to the end; John xvii. 11, 24; Luke xxii. 32; Heb. vii. 25. the abiding	II. hæc autem sanctorum perseverantia, non pendet a libero ipsorum arbitrio, verum a decreti electionis immutabilitate (quod ex amore Dei Patris fluxit, gratuito illo ac immutabili),¹⁵²⁶¹⁵²⁶2 Tim. ii. 18, 19; Jer. xxxi. 3. a meriti Jesu Christi ac intercessionis efficacia,¹⁵²⁷¹⁵²⁷Heb. x. 10, 14; xiii. 20, 21; ix. 12–15; Rom. viii. 33, to the end; John xvii. 11, 24; Luke xxii. 32; Heb. vii. 25. a Spiritus et seminis Dei in iis permansione;¹⁵²⁸¹⁵²⁸John xiv. 16, 17; 1 John ii. 27; iii. 9

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Chapter XVIII.	Cap. XVIII.
of the Spirit and of the seed of God within them;¹⁵²⁹¹⁵²⁹John xiv. 16, 17; 1 John ii. 27; iii. 9. and the nature of the covenant of grace:¹⁵³⁰¹⁵³⁰Jer. xxxii. 40; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 10–12]. from all which ariseth also the certainty and infallibility thereof.¹⁵³¹¹⁵³¹John x. 28; 2 Thess. iii. 3; 1 John ii. 19; [Am. ed. 1 Thess. v. 23, 24].	a natura denique fœderis gratiæ;¹⁵³²¹⁵³²Jer. xxxii. 40; [Am. ed. Heb. viii. 10–12]. e quibus omnibus etiam emergit certitudo ejusdem et infallibilitas.¹⁵³³¹⁵³³John x. 28; 2 Thess. iii. 3; 1 John ii. 19; [Am. ed. 1 Thess. v. 23, 24].
III. Nevertheless they may, through the temptations of Satan and of the world, the prevalency of corruption remaining in them, and the neglect of the means of their preservation, fall into grievous sins;¹⁵³⁴¹⁵³⁴Matt. xxvi. 70, 72, 74. and for a time continue therein:¹⁵³⁵¹⁵³⁵Psa. li. title and verse 14; [Am. ed. 2 Sam. xii. 9, 13]. whereby they incur God's displeasure,¹⁵³⁶¹⁵³⁶Isa. lxiv. 5, 7, 9; 2 Sam. xi. 27. and grieve his Holy Spirit;¹⁵³⁷¹⁵³⁷Eph. iv. 30. come to be deprived of some measure of their graces and comforts;¹⁵³⁸¹⁵³⁸Psa. li. 8, 10, 12; Rev. ii. 4; Cant. v. 2, 3, 4, 6. have their hearts hardened,¹⁵³⁹¹⁵³⁹Isa. xxxvi. 17; Mark vi. 52; xvi. 14; [Am. ed. Psa. xcv. 8]. and their consciences wounded;¹⁵⁴⁰¹⁵⁴⁰Psa. xxxii. 3, 4; li. 8. hurt and scandalize others,¹⁵⁴¹¹⁵⁴¹2 Sam. xii. 14. and bring temporal judgments upon themselves.¹⁵⁴²¹⁵⁴²Psa. lxxxix. 31, 32; 1 Cor. xi. 32.	III. Nihilo tamen minus fieri potest ut iidem illi, qua Satanæ mundique tentatione, qua manentis adhuc in iis corruptionis prævalentia, et neglectu mediorum conservationis suæ, in peccata gravia incidant,¹⁵⁴³¹⁵⁴³Matt. xxvi. 70, 72, 74. in eisque ad tempus commorentur;¹⁵⁴⁴¹⁵⁴⁴Psa. li. title and verse 14; [Am. ed. 2 Sam. xii. 9, 13]. unde iram Dei sibi ipsis contrahunt,¹⁵⁴⁵¹⁵⁴⁵Isa. lxiv. 5, 7, 9; 2 Sam. xi. 27.; ejusque Spiritum Sanctum contristant,¹⁵⁴⁶¹⁵⁴⁶Eph. iv. 30. gratias suas et consolationes quadantenus et quoad gradus nonnullos amittunt,¹⁵⁴⁷¹⁵⁴⁷Psa. li. 8, 10, 12; Rev. ii. 4; Cant. v. 2, 3, 4, 6. corda sibi habent indurata,¹⁵⁴⁸¹⁵⁴⁸Isa. xxxvi. 17; Mark vi. 52; xvi. 14; [Am. ed. Psa. xcv. 8]. et vulneratas conscientias;¹⁵⁴⁹¹⁵⁴⁹Psa. xxxii. 3, 4; li. 8. aliis nocumento sunt et offendiculo,¹⁵⁵⁰¹⁵⁵⁰2 Sam. xii. 14. sibimet ipsis denique accersunt judicia Dei temporalia.¹⁵⁵¹¹⁵⁵¹Psa. lxxxix. 31, 32; 1 Cor. xi. 32.
Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation.	De certitudine gratiæ et salutis.
I. Although hypocrites and other unregenerate men may vainly deceive themselves with false hopes and carnal presumptions of being in the favor of God and estate of salvation,¹⁵⁵²¹⁵⁵²Job viii. 13, 14; Micah iii. 11; Deut. xxix. 19; John viii. 41. which hope of theirs	I. Quamvis fieri potest ut hypocritæ aliique homines non regeniti spe vana falsisque (pro corruptæ naturæ more) opinionibus præsumptis, se decipiant, favorem Dei, statumque salutis sibi falso arrogantes;¹⁵⁵³¹⁵⁵³Job viii. 13, 14; Micah iii. 11; Deut. xxix. 19; John viii. 41. quæ illorum

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shall perish:¹⁵⁵⁴¹⁵⁵⁴Matt. vii. 22, 23; [Am. ed. Job viii. 13]. yet such as truly believe in the Lord Jesus, and love him in sincerity, endeavoring to walk in all good conscience before him, may in this life be certainly assured that they are in a state of grace,¹⁵⁵⁵¹⁵⁵⁵1 John ii. 3; iii. 14, 18, 19, 21, 24; v. 13. and may rejoice in the hope of the glory of God, which hope shall never make them ashamed.¹⁵⁵⁶¹⁵⁵⁶Rom. v. 2, 5.	spes peribit:¹⁵⁵⁷¹⁵⁵⁷Matt. vii. 22, 23; [Am. ed. Job viii. 13]. qui tamen in Dominum Jesum vere credunt, eumque sincere diligunt, studentes coram ipso in omni bona conscientia ambulare; evadere possunt in hac vita certi se in statu gratiæ esse constitutos;¹⁵⁵⁸¹⁵⁵⁸1 John ii. 3; iii. 14, 18, 19, 21, 24; v. 13. quin etiam lætari possunt spe gloriæ Dei, quæ quidem spes nunquam eos pudefaciet.¹⁵⁵⁹¹⁵⁵⁹Rom. v. 2, 5.
II. This certainty is not a bare conjectural and probable persuasion, grounded upon a fallible hope;¹⁵⁶⁰¹⁵⁶⁰Heb. vi. 11, 19. but an infallible assurance of faith, founded upon the divine truth of the promises of salvation,¹⁵⁶¹¹⁵⁶¹Heb. vi. 17, 18. the inward evidence of those graces unto which these promises are made,¹⁵⁶²¹⁵⁶²2 Pet. i. 4, 5, 10, 11; 1 John ii. 3; iii. 14; 2 Cor. i. 12. the testimony of the Spirit of adoption witnessing with our spirits that we are the children of God:¹⁵⁶³¹⁵⁶³Rom. viii. 15, 16. which Spirit is the earnest of our inheritance, whereby we are sealed to the day of redemption.¹⁵⁶⁴¹⁵⁶⁴Eph. i. 13, 14; iv. 30; 2 Cor. i. 21, 22.	II. Hæc certitudo non est persuasio mere conjecturalis et probabilis, innixa spe fallaci;¹⁵⁶⁵¹⁵⁶⁵Heb. vi. 11, 19. verum infallibilis quædam fidei certitudo, fundamentum habens divinam promissionum salutis veritatem;¹⁵⁶⁶¹⁵⁶⁶Heb. vi. 17, 18. gratiarum, quibus promissiones illæ fiunt internam evidentiam;¹⁵⁶⁷¹⁵⁶⁷2 Pet. i. 4, 5, 10, 11; 1 John ii. 3; iii. 14; 2 Cor. i. 12. testimonium denique spiritus adoptionis una cum spiritibus nostris testificantis nos esse filios Dei;¹⁵⁶⁸¹⁵⁶⁸Rom. viii. 15, 16. qui quidem spiritus arrhabo est hæreditatis nostræ, quo in diem redemtionis sigillamur.¹⁵⁶⁹¹⁵⁶⁹Eph. i. 13, 14; iv. 30; 2 Cor. i. 21, 22.
III. This infallible assurance doth not so belong to the essence of faith, but that a true believer may wait long, and conflict with many difficulties before he be partaker of it:¹⁵⁷⁰¹⁵⁷⁰1 John v. 13; Isa. l. 10; Mark ix. 24; Psa. lxxxviii. throughout; lxxvii. to ver. 12. yet, being enabled by the Spirit to know the things which are freely given him of God, he	III. Hæc certitudo infallibilis, non ita spectat essentiam fidei, quin vere fidelis expectare quandoque diutius, et cum variis difficultatibus confligere prius possit, quam illius compos fiat,¹⁵⁷¹¹⁵⁷¹1 John v. 13; Isa. l. 10; Mark ix. 24; Psa. lxxxviii. throughout; lxxvii. to ver. 12. verum poterit idem ordinariorum usu debito mediorum, absque revelatione ulla extraordinaria

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may, without extraordinary revelation, in the right use of ordinary means, attain thereunto.¹⁵⁷²¹⁵⁷²1 Cor. ii. 12; 1 John iv. 13; Heb. vi. 11, 12; Eph. iii. 17–19. And therefore it is the duty of every one to give all diligence to make his calling and election sure;¹⁵⁷³¹⁵⁷³2 Pet. i. 10. that thereby his heart may be enlarged in peace and joy in the Holy Ghost, in love and thankfulness to God, and in strength and cheerfulness in the duties of obedience, the proper fruits of this assurance:¹⁵⁷⁴¹⁵⁷⁴Rom. v. 1, 2, 5; Rom. xiv. 17; xv. 13; Eph. i. 3, 4; Psa. iv. 6, 7; cxix. 32. so far is it from inclining men to looseness.¹⁵⁷⁵¹⁵⁷⁵1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. vi. 1, 2; Titus ii. 11, 12, 14; 2 Cor. vii. 1; Rom. viii. 1, 12; 1 John iii. 2, 3; Psa. cxxx. 4; 1 John i. 6, 7.

eam adipisci,¹⁵⁷⁶¹⁵⁷⁶1 Cor. ii. 12; 1 John iv. 13; Heb. vi. 11, 12; Eph. iii. 17–19. spiritu nempe quæ Deus illi gratuito donaverit cognoscendi facultatem subministrante. Proindeque tenetur quisque, quo vocationem suam sibi et electionem certmn faciat, omnem adhibere diligentiam,¹⁵⁷⁷¹⁵⁷⁷2 Pet. i. 10. unde cor suum habeat pace et gaudio in spiritu sancto, in Deum amore et gratitudine, in actibus observantiæ robore et alacritate dilatatum; qui certitudinus huius fructus proprii sunt ac genuini.¹⁵⁷⁸¹⁵⁷⁸Rom. v. 1, 2, 5; Rom. xiv. 17; xv. 13; Eph. i. 3, 4; Psa. iv. 6, 7; cxix. 32. Tantum abest ut homines inde ad omnem nequitiam discingantur.¹⁵⁷⁹¹⁵⁷⁹1 John ii. 1, 2; Rom. vi. 1, 2; Titus ii. 11, 12, 14; 2 Cor. vii. 1; Rom. viii. 1, 12; 1 John iii. 2, 3; Psa. cxxx. 4; 1 John i. 6, 7.

IV. True believers may have the assurance of their salvation divers ways shaken, diminished, and intermitted; as, by negligence in preserving of it; by falling into some special sin, which woundeth, the conscience, and grieveth the Spirit; by some sudden or vehement temptation; by God's withdrawing the light of his countenance, and suffering even such as fear him to walk in darkness and to have no light:¹⁵⁸⁰¹⁵⁸⁰Cant. v. 2, 3, 6; Psa. li. 8, 12, 14; Eph. iv. 30, 31; Psa. lxxvii. 1–10; Matt. xxvi. 69–72; Psa. xxxi. 22; lxxxviii. throughout; Isa. l. 10. yet are they never utterly destitute of that seed of God, and life of faith, that love of Christ and the brethren, that sincerity of heart and conscience of duty, out

IV. Certitudo salutis vere fidelibus multifariam concuti potest et imminui imo et quandoque interrumpi; conservandi scilicet eam incuria; lapsu in peccatum aliquod insigne, quod conscientiam vulnerat, spiritumque contristat; tentatione aliqua vehementi ac subitanea; uti etiam Deo vultus sui lumen subducente, ac permittente ut vel illi qui ipsum timent in tenebris ambulent omni prorsus lumine viduati:¹⁵⁸¹¹⁵⁸¹Cant. v. 2, 3, 6; Psa. li. 8, 12, 14; Eph. iv. 30, 31; Psa. lxxvii. 1–10; Matt. xxvi. 69–72; Psa. xxxi. 22; lxxxviii. throughout; Isa. l. 10. nunquam tamen destituuntur penitus illo Dei semine vitaque fidei. Christi illa fratrumque dilectione, ea sinceritate cordis et pietatis officia præstandi conscientia; unde per

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Chapter XIX.	Cap. XIX.
of which, by the operation of the Spirit, this assurance may in due time be revived,¹⁵⁸²¹⁵⁸²1 John iii. 9; Luke xxii. 32; Job xiii. 15; Psa. lxxiii. 15; li. 8, 12; Isa. 1. 10. and by the which, in the mean time, they are supported from utter despair.¹⁵⁸³¹⁵⁸³Micah vii. 7–9; Jer. lii. 40; Isa. liv. 7–10; Psa. xxii. 1; lxxxviii. throughout.	operationem spiritus eadem illa certitudo tempestive possit reviviscere:¹⁵⁸⁴¹⁵⁸⁴1 John iii. 9; Luke xxii. 32; Job xiii. 15; Psa. lxxiii. 15; li. 8, 12; Isa. 1. 10. quibusque interim ne prorsus in desperationem ruant suffulciuntur.¹⁵⁸⁵¹⁵⁸⁵Micah vii. 7–9; Jer. lii. 40; Isa. liv. 7–10; Psa. xxii. 1; lxxxviii. throughout.
Of the Law of God.	De Lege Dei.
I. God gave to Adam a law, as a covenant of works, by which he bound him and all his posterity to personal, entire, exact, and perpetual obedience; promised life upon the fulfilling, and threatened death upon the breach of it; and endued him with power and ability to keep it.¹⁵⁸⁶¹⁵⁸⁶Gen. i. 26, 27, with Gen. ii. 17; Rom. ii. 14, 15; x. 5; v. 12, 19; Gal. iii. 10, 12; Eccles. vii. 29; Job xxviii. 28.	I. Deus Adamo legem dedit ut fœdus operum, quo cum illum ipsum tum posteros ejus omnes, ad obedientiam personalem, integram, exquisitam simul et perpetuam obligavit, pollicitus vitam si observarent, violatoribus autem mortem interminatus; eundemque potentia et viribus imbuit, quibus par esset illam observando.¹⁵⁸⁷¹⁵⁸⁷Gen. i. 26, 27, with Gen. ii. 17; Rom. ii. 14, 15; x. 5; v. 12, 19; Gal. iii. 10, 12; Eccles. vii. 29; Job xxviii. 28.
II. This law, after his fall, continued to be a perfect rule of righteousness; and, as such, was delivered by God upon mount Sinai in ten commandments, and written in two tables;¹⁵⁸⁸¹⁵⁸⁸James i. 25; ii. 8, 10–12; Rom. xiii. 8, 9; Deut. v. 32; x. 4; Exod. xxxiv. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 19]. the first four commandments containing our duty towards God, and the other six our duty to man.¹⁵⁸⁹¹⁵⁸⁹Matt. xxii. 37–40; [Am. ed. Exod. xx. 3–18].	II. Lex ista post lapsum non desiit esse justitiæ regula perfectissima; quo etiam nomine a Deo est in monte Sinai tradita, tabulis duabus descripta, decem præceptis comprehensa;¹⁵⁹⁰¹⁵⁹⁰James i. 25; ii. 8, 10–12; Rom. xiii. 8, 9; Deut. v. 32; x. 4; Exod. xxxiv. 1; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 19]. quorum quatuor prima officium nostrum erga Deum, sex autem reliqua nostrum erga homines officium complectuntur.¹⁵⁹¹¹⁵⁹¹Matt. xxii. 37–40; [Am. ed. Exod. xx. 3–18].
III. Beside this law, commonly called moral, God was pleased to give to the people of Israel, as a Church under age, ceremonial laws, containing several typical ordinances,	III. Præter autem hanc legem, quæ moralis vulgo audit, visum est Deo ut populo Israelitico tanquam Ecclesiæ minorenni leges daret ceremoniales instituta typica multifaria

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partly of worship, prefiguring Christ, his graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits;¹⁵⁹²¹⁵⁹²Heb. ix.; x. 1; Gal. iv. 1–3; Col. ii. 17. and partly holding forth divers instructions of moral duties.¹⁵⁹³¹⁵⁹³1 Cor. v. 7; 2 Cor. vi. 17; Jude 23. All which ceremonial laws are now abrogated under the New Testament.¹⁵⁹⁴¹⁵⁹⁴Col. ii. 14, 16, 17; Dan. ix. 27; Eph. ii. 15, 16.	continentes; partim de cultu, Christi gratias, actiones, perpessiones ac beneficia præfigurantia;¹⁵⁹⁵¹⁵⁹⁵Heb. ix.; x. 1; Gal. iv. 1–3; Col. ii. 17. partim autem de moralibus officiis institutiones varias exhibentia.¹⁵⁹⁶¹⁵⁹⁶1 Cor. v. 7; 2 Cor. vi. 17; Jude 23. Quæ leges ceremoniales omnes hodie sub novo instrumento sunt abrogatæ.¹⁵⁹⁷¹⁵⁹⁷Col. ii. 14, 16, 17; Dan. ix. 27; Eph. ii. 15, 16.
IV. To them also, as a body politic, he gave sundry judicial laws, which expired together with the state of that people, not obliging any other, now, further than the general equity thereof may require.¹⁵⁹⁸¹⁵⁹⁸Exod. xxi.; xxii. 1–29; Gen. xlix. 10, with 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14; Matt. v. 17, with vers. 38, 39; 1 Cor. ix. 8–10.	IV. Iisdem etiam tanquam corpori politico leges multas dedit judiciales, quæ una cum istius populi politeia expirarunt, nullos hodie alios obligantes supra quod generalis et communis earum æquitas postularit.¹⁵⁹⁹¹⁵⁹⁹Exod. xxi.; xxii. 1–29; Gen. xlix. 10, with 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14; Matt. v. 17, with vers. 38, 39; 1 Cor. ix. 8–10.
V. The moral law doth forever bind all, as well justified persons as others, to the obedience thereof;¹⁶⁰⁰¹⁶⁰⁰Rom. xiii. 8–10; Eph. vi. 2; 1 John ii. 3, 4, 7, 8; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 31, and vi. 15]. and that not only in regard of the matter contained in it, but also in respect of the authority of God the Creator who gave it.¹⁶⁰¹¹⁶⁰¹James ii. 10, 11. Neither doth Christ in the gospel any way dissolve, but much strengthen, this obligation.¹⁶⁰²¹⁶⁰²Matt. v. 17–19; James ii. 8; Rom. iii. 31.	V. Lex moralis omnes tam justificatos quam alios quosvis perpetuo ligat ad obedientiam illi exhibendam;¹⁶⁰³¹⁶⁰³Rom. xiii. 8–10; Eph. vi. 2; 1 John ii. 3, 4, 7, 8; [Am. ed. Rom. iii. 31, and vi. 15]. neque id quidem solummodo vi materiæ quæ in illa continetur, verum etiam virtute authoritatis eandem constituentis creatoris Dei;¹⁶⁰⁴¹⁶⁰⁴James ii. 10, 11. neque sane hoc ejus vinculum in evangelio ulla ratione dissolvit Christus, verum idem plurimum confirmavit.¹⁶⁰⁵¹⁶⁰⁵Matt. v. 17–19; James ii. 8; Rom. iii. 31.
VI. Although true believers be not under the law as a covenant of works, to be thereby justified or condemned;¹⁶⁰⁶¹⁶⁰⁶Rom. vi. 14; Gal. ii. 16; iii. 13; iv. 4, 5; Acts xiii. 39; Rom. viii. 1. yet is it of great use to them, as well as to others; in that, as a rule of life, informing them of the will of God and their	VI. Quamvis vere fideles non sint sub lege tanquam sub operum fœdere, unde aut justificari possint aut condemnari:¹⁶⁰⁷¹⁶⁰⁷Rom. vi. 14; Gal. ii. 16; iii. 13; iv. 4, 5; Acts xiii. 39; Rom. viii. 1. est tamen ea illis non minus quam aliis vehementer utilis, ut quæ quum sit vitæ norma, illos voluntatem divinam suumque officium

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duty, it directs and binds them to walk accordingly;¹⁶⁰⁸¹⁶⁰⁸Rom. vii. 12, 22, 25; Psa. cxix. 4–6; 1 Cor. vii. 19; Gal. v. 14, 16, 18–23. discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature, hearts, and lives;¹⁶⁰⁹¹⁶⁰⁹Rom. vii. 7; iii. 20. so as, examining themselves thereby, they may come to further conviction of, humiliation for, and hatred against sin;¹⁶¹⁰¹⁶¹⁰James i. 23–25; Rom. vii. 9, 14, 24. together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ, and the perfection of his obedience.¹⁶¹¹¹⁶¹¹Gal. iii. 24; Rom. vii. 24, 25; viii. 3, 4. It is likewise of use to the regenerate, to restrain their corruptions, in that it forbids sin;¹⁶¹²¹⁶¹²James ii. 11; Psa. cxix. 101, 104, 128. and the threatenings of it serve to show what even their sins deserve, and what afflictions in this life they may expect for them, although freed from the curse thereof threatened in the law.¹⁶¹³¹⁶¹³Ezra ix. 13, 14; Psa. lxxxix. 30–34. The promises of it, in like manner, show them God's approbation of obedience, and what blessings they may expect upon the performance thereof;¹⁶¹⁴¹⁶¹⁴Lev. xxvi. 1, 10, 14, with 2 Cor. vi. 16, Eph. vi. 2, 3; Psa. xxxvii. 11 with Matt. v. 5; Psa. xix. 11. although not as due to them by the law as a covenant of words:¹⁶¹⁵¹⁶¹⁵Gal. ii. 16; Luke xvii. 10. so as a man's doing good, and refraining from evil, because the law encourageth to the one, and deterreth from the other, is no evidence of his being under the law, and not under grace.¹⁶¹⁶¹⁶¹⁶Rom. vi. 12, 14; 1 Pet. iii. 8–12 with Psa.xxxiv. 12–16; Heb. xii. 28, 29.

edocendo dirigit simul et obligat ad consentanee ambulandum;¹⁶¹⁷¹⁶¹⁷Rom. vii. 12, 22, 25; Psa. cxix. 4–6; 1 Cor. vii. 19; Gal. v. 14, 16, 18–23. ipsisque patere facit naturæ, cordis, vitæque suæ nefaria inquinamenta:¹⁶¹⁸¹⁶¹⁸Rom. vii. 7; iii. 20. adeo ut ad illam semet exigentes, cum peccati ulterius convinci, pro eodem humiliari, ac ejusdem odio inflammari possint;¹⁶¹⁹¹⁶¹⁹James i. 23–25; Rom. vii. 9, 14, 24. tum vero etiam ut perspicere possint evidentius quam plane necessarius eis Christus, quamque perfecta sit ejusdem obedientia.¹⁶²⁰¹⁶²⁰Gal. iii. 24; Rom. vii. 24, 25; viii. 3, 4. Verum ulterius etiam regenitis ea utilis esse possit, in quantum nempe corruptiones eorum peccata prohibendo coërcet,¹⁶²¹¹⁶²¹James ii. 11; Psa. cxix. 101, 104, 128. graviter autem interminando indicat tum quid vel eorum peccata commeruerint, tum etiam quas ea propter in hac vita afflictiones expectare possint, utcunque ab earum maledictione, quam lex minatur, liberentur.¹⁶²²¹⁶²²Ezra ix. 13, 14; Psa. lxxxix. 30–34. Quinetiam promissiones ejus demonstrant iis obedientia Deo quam accepta sit et approbata; quasque illa præstita benedictiones¹⁶²³¹⁶²³Lev. xxvi. 1, 10, 14, with 2 Cor. vi. 16, Eph. vi. 2, 3; Psa. xxxvii. 11 with Matt. v. 5; Psa. xix. 11. (licet non tanquam lege debitas ex operum fœdere)¹⁶²⁴¹⁶²⁴Gal. ii. 16; Luke xvii. 10. possint illi expectare. Adeo ut quod quis bonum præstet invitante lege, a malo autem abhorreat lege deterritus, nullo prorsus argumento sit, eum sub lege esse, non vero sub gratia constitutum.¹⁶²⁵¹⁶²⁵Rom. vi. 12, 14; 1 Pet. iii. 8–12 with Psa.xxxiv. 12–16; Heb. xii. 28, 29.

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Chapter XX.	Cap. XX.
VII. Neither are the forementioned uses of the law contrary to the grace of the gospel, but do sweetly comply with it:¹⁶²⁶¹⁶²⁶Gal. iii. 21; [Am. ed. Titus ii. 11–14]. the Spirit of Christ subduing and enabling the will of man to do that freely and cheerfully which the will of God, revealed in the law, requireth to be done.¹⁶²⁷¹⁶²⁷Ezek. xxxvi. 27; Heb. viii. 10 with Jer. xxxi. 33.	VII. Neque interim Legis usus isti iam memorati, Evangelii gratiæ adversantur, sed cum eadem conspirant suaviter,¹⁶²⁸¹⁶²⁸Gal. iii. 21; [Am. ed. Titus ii. 11–14]. voluntatem humanam ita subjugante ac imbuente Christi Spiritu, ut idem illud præstare valeat spontanee ac alacriter, quod ab illa exigit voluntas Dei in lege sua revelata.¹⁶²⁹¹⁶²⁹Ezek. xxxvi. 27; Heb. viii. 10 with Jer. xxxi. 33.
Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience.	De Libertate Christiana deque Libertate Conscientiæ.
I. The liberty which Christ hath purchased for believers under the gospel consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin, the condemning wrath of God, the curse of the moral law;¹⁶³⁰¹⁶³⁰Titus ii. 14; 1 Thess. i. 10; Gal. iii. 13. and in their being delivered from this present evil world, bondage to Satan, and dominion of sin,¹⁶³¹¹⁶³¹Gal. i. 4; Col. i. 13; Acts xxvi. 18; Rom. vi. 14. from the evil of afflictions, the sting of death, the victory of the grave, and everlasting damnation;¹⁶³²¹⁶³²Rom. viii. 28; Psa. cxix. 71; 1 Cor. xv. 54–57; Rom. viii. 1. as also in their free access to God,¹⁶³³¹⁶³³Rom. v. 1, 2. and their yielding obedience unto him, not out of slavish fear, but a childlike love and¹⁶³⁴¹⁶³⁴[Am. ed. inserts a after and.] willing mind.¹⁶³⁵¹⁶³⁵Rom. viii. 14, 15; 1 John iv. 18. All which were common also to believers under the law;¹⁶³⁶¹⁶³⁶Gal. iii. 9, 14. but under the New Testament the liberty of Christians is further enlarged in	I. Libertas quam Christus acquisivit fidelibus sub Evangelio in eo sita est, quod a reatu peccati, ab ira Dei condemnante, a legis Moralis maledictione immunes fiant,¹⁶³⁷¹⁶³⁷Titus ii. 14; 1 Thess. i. 10; Gal. iii. 13. quod a præsenti malo seculo, a dura Satanæ servitute, dominioque peccati:¹⁶³⁸¹⁶³⁸Gal. i. 4; Col. i. 13; Acts xxvi. 18; Rom. vi. 14. ab afflictionum malo, ab aculeo mortis, a sepulchri victoria ab æterna denique damnation¹⁶³⁹¹⁶³⁹Rom. viii. 28; Psa. cxix. 71; 1 Cor. xv. 54–57; Rom. viii. 1. liberentur; Quodque libere eis liceat ad Deum accedere:¹⁶⁴⁰¹⁶⁴⁰Rom. v. 1, 2. eique non e metu servile, verum e filiali dilectione, promtoque animo præbere valeant obedientiam.¹⁶⁴¹¹⁶⁴¹Rom. viii. 14, 15; 1 John iv. 18. Atque hæc quidem omnia cum fidelibus sub lege habent communia.¹⁶⁴²¹⁶⁴²Gal. iii. 9, 14. Verum sub Novo Testamento ulterius adhuc se extendit libertas Christiana; in quantum

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their freedom from the yoke of the ceremonial law, to which the Jewish Church was subjected;¹⁶⁴³¹⁶⁴³Gal. iv. 1–3, 6, 7; v. 1; Acts xv. 10, 11. and in greater boldness of access to the throne of grace,¹⁶⁴⁴¹⁶⁴⁴Heb. iv. 14, 16; x. 19–22. and in fuller communications of the free Spirit of God, than believers under the law did ordinarily partake of.¹⁶⁴⁵¹⁶⁴⁵John vii. 38, 39; 2 Cor. iii. 13, 17, 18.	nempe Legis ceremonialis jugo, cui subjecta erat Ecclesia Judaica, eximuntur;¹⁶⁴⁶¹⁶⁴⁶Gal. iv. 1–3, 6, 7; v. 1; Acts xv. 10, 11. majoremque confidentiam ad thronum gratiæ accedendi,¹⁶⁴⁷¹⁶⁴⁷Heb. iv. 14, 16; x. 19–22. sed et effusiorem gratuiti Spiritus Dei communicationem sunt consecuti, quam ordinarie sub Lege fideles participarunt.¹⁶⁴⁸¹⁶⁴⁸John vii. 38, 39; 2 Cor. iii. 13, 17, 18.
II. God alone is Lord of the conscience,¹⁶⁴⁹¹⁶⁴⁹James iv. 12; Rom. xiv. 4. and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men which are in any thing contrary to his Word, or beside it in matters of faith or worship.¹⁶⁵⁰¹⁶⁵⁰Acts iv. 19; v. 29; 1 Cor. vii. 23; Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Cor. i. 24; Matt. xv. 9. So that to believe such doctrines, or to obey such commands¹⁶⁵¹¹⁶⁵¹[Am. ed. commandments.] out of conscience, is to betray true liberty of conscience;¹⁶⁵²¹⁶⁵²Col. ii. 20–23; Gal. i. 10; v. 1; ii. 4, 5; Psa. v. l. and the requiring of¹⁶⁵³¹⁶⁵³[Am. ed. omits of.] an implicit faith, and an absolute and blind obedience, is to destroy liberty of conscience, and reason also.¹⁶⁵⁴¹⁶⁵⁴Rom. x. 17; xiv. 23; Isa. viii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; John iv. 22; Hos. v. 11; Rev. xiii. 12, 16, 17; Jer. viii. 9.	II. Deus solus Dominus est conscientiæ,¹⁶⁵⁵¹⁶⁵⁵James iv. 12; Rom. xiv. 4. quam certe exemit doctrinis et mandatis hominum, ubi aut verbo ejus adversantur, aut in rebus fidei et cultus quicquam ei superaddunt.¹⁶⁵⁶¹⁶⁵⁶Acts iv. 19; v. 29; 1 Cor. vii. 23; Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Cor. i. 24; Matt. xv. 9. Unde qui ejusmodi aut doctrinas credunt, aut mandatis obtemperant, quasi ad id ex conscientia teneantur, veram ii conscientiæ libertatem produnt.¹⁶⁵⁷¹⁶⁵⁷Col. ii. 20–23; Gal. i. 10; v. 1; ii. 4, 5; Psa. v. l. Qui autem vel fidem implicitam, vel obedientiam absolutam cæcamque exigunt, næ illi id agunt, ut cum conscientiæ, tum rationis etiam destruant libertatem.¹⁶⁵⁸¹⁶⁵⁸Rom. x. 17; xiv. 23; Isa. viii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; John iv. 22; Hos. v. 11; Rev. xiii. 12, 16, 17; Jer. viii. 9.
III. They who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, do practice any sin, or cherish any lust, do thereby destroy the end of Christian liberty; which is, that, being delivered out of the hands of our enemies, we might serve the Lord without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him, all the days of our life.¹⁶⁵⁹¹⁶⁵⁹Gal. v. 13; 1 Pet. ii. 16; 2 Pet. ii. 19; John viii. 34; Luke i. 74, 75.	III. Qui sub prætextu Christianæ libertatis, cuivis aut cupiditati indulgent aut peccato assuescunt, eo ipso libertatis Christianæ finem corrumpunt; nempe ut e manibus inimicorum nostrorum liberati, Domino in sanctimonia et justitia coram ipso omnibus diebus vitæ nostræ absque metu serviamus.¹⁶⁶⁰¹⁶⁶⁰Gal. v. 13; 1 Pet. ii. 16; 2 Pet. ii. 19; John viii. 34; Luke i. 74, 75.

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IV. And because the power¹⁶⁶¹¹⁶⁶¹[Am. ed. powers.] which God hath ordained, and the liberty which Christ hath purchased, are not intended by God to destroy, but mutually to uphold and preserve one another; they who, upon pretense of Christian liberty, shall oppose any lawful power, or the lawful exercise of it, whether it be civil or ecclesiastical, resist the ordinance of God.¹⁶⁶²¹⁶⁶²Matt. xii. 25; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16; Rom. xiii. 1–8; Heb. xiii. 17. And for their publishing of such opinions, or maintaining of such practices, as are contrary to the light of nature, or to the known principles of Christianity, whether concerning faith, worship, or conversation; or to the power of godliness; or such erroneous opinions or practices, as, either in their own nature, or in the manner of publishing or maintaining them, are destructive to the external peace and order which Christ hath established in the Church; they may lawfully be called to account, and proceeded against by the censures of the Church,¹⁶⁶³¹⁶⁶³Rom. i. 32 with 1 Cor. v. 1, 5, 11, 13; 2 John v. 10, 11; and 2 Thess. iii. 14, and 1 Tim. vi. 3–5, and Titus i. 10, 11, 13 and iii. 10, with Matt. xviii. 15–17; 1 Tim. i. 19, 20; Rev. ii. 2, 14, 15, 20; iii. 9. and by the power of the Civil Magistrate.¹⁶⁶⁴¹⁶⁶⁴Deut. xiii. 6–12; Rom. xiii. 3, 4, with 2 John v. 10, 11; Ezra vii. 23–28; Rev. xvii. 12, 16, 17; Neh. xiii. 15, 17, 21, 22, 25, 30; 2 Kings xxiii. 5, 6, 9, 20, 21; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; xv. 12, 13, 16; Dan. iii. 29; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Isa. xlix. 23; Zech. xiii. 2, 3.¹⁶⁶⁵¹⁶⁶⁵[Am. ed. omits and by the power of the Civil Magistrate, also the prooftexts.]

IV. Quoniam vero potestates quas Deus ordinavit, et libertas quam acquisivit Christus non in eum finem a Deo destinatæ sunt ut se mutuo perimant, verum ut se sustentent ac conservent invicem; Qui itaque sub libertatis Christianæ prætextu potestati cuivis legitimæ (civilis sit sive Ecclesiastica) aut legitimo ejusdem exercitio contraiverint, ordinationi divinæ resistere censendi sunt,¹⁶⁶⁶¹⁶⁶⁶Matt. xii. 25; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16; Rom. xiii. 1–8; Heb. xiii. 17. Quique vel ejusmodi opiniones publicaverint, praxesve defenderint, quæ lumini naturæ, aut religionis Christianæ de fide, de cultu, aut moribus principiis notis, aut pietatis denique vi ac efficaciæ adversantur; vel ejusmodi opiniones praxesve erroneas, quæ aut sua natura aut publicationis defensionisve modo, externæ paci ac eutaxiæ, quas in Ecclesia sua stabilivit Christus, perniciem minitantur; omnino licitum est tum ab iis facti rationem reposcere, tum in eos qua censuris Ecclesiasticis,¹⁶⁶⁷¹⁶⁶⁷Rom. i. 32 with 1 Cor. v. 1, 5, 11, 13; 2 John v. 10, 11; and 2 Thess. iii. 14, and 1 Tim. vi. 3–5, and Titus i. 10, 11, 13 and iii. 10, with Matt. xviii. 15–17; 1 Tim. i. 19, 20; Rev. ii. 2, 14, 15, 20; iii. 9. qua civilis magistratus potestate animadvertere.¹⁶⁶⁸¹⁶⁶⁸Deut. xiii. 6–12; Rom. xiii. 3, 4, with 2 John v. 10, 11; Ezra vii. 23–28; Rev. xvii. 12, 16, 17; Neh. xiii. 15, 17, 21, 22, 25, 30; 2 Kings xxiii. 5, 6, 9, 20, 21; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; xv. 12, 13, 16; Dan. iii. 29; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Isa. xlix. 23; Zech. xiii. 2, 3.

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Chapter XXI.	Cap. XXI.
Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath-day.	De cultu religioso et de Sabbato.
I. The light of nature showeth that there is a God, who hath lordship and sovereignty over all; is good, and doeth good unto all; and is therefore to be feared, loved, praised, called upon, trusted in, and served with all the heart, and with all the soul, and with all the might.¹⁶⁶⁹¹⁶⁶⁹Rom. i. 20; Acts xvii. 24; Psa. cxix. 68; Jer. x. 7; Psa. xxxi. 23; xviii. 3; Rom. x. 12; Psa. lxii. 8; Josh. xxiv. 14; Mark xii. 33. But the acceptable way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself, and so limited to¹⁶⁷⁰¹⁶⁷⁰[Am. ed. by.] his own revealed will, that he may not be worshiped according to the imaginations and devices of men, or the suggestions of Satan, under any visible representations¹⁶⁷¹¹⁶⁷¹[Am. ed. representation.] or any other way not prescribed in the Holy Scripture.¹⁶⁷²¹⁶⁷²Deut. xii. 32; Matt. xv. 9; Acts xvii. 25; Matt. iv. 9, 10; Deut. iv. 15–20; Exod. xx. 4–6; Col. ii. 23.	I. Constat quidem naturæ lumine esse Deum qui in universa Primatum obtinet ac absolutum Dominium, eundemque bonum esse ac omnibus beneficum, proindeque toto corde, tota anima, totisque viribus timendum esse et diligendum, laudandum ac invocandum, eique fidendum esse ac serviendum.¹⁶⁷³¹⁶⁷³Rom. i. 20; Acts xvii. 24; Psa. cxix. 68; Jer. x. 7; Psa. xxxi. 23; xviii. 3; Rom. x. 12; Psa. lxii. 8; Josh. xxiv. 14; Mark xii. 33. At rationem verum Deum colendi acceptabilem ipse instituit, itaque voluntate sua revelata definivit, ut coli non debeat secundum imaginationes ac inventa hominum, aut suggestiones Satanæ, sub specie quavis visibili, aut alia via quaviscunque quam scriptura sacra non præscripsit.¹⁶⁷⁴¹⁶⁷⁴Deut. xii. 32; Matt. xv. 9; Acts xvii. 25; Matt. iv. 9, 10; Deut. iv. 15–20; Exod. xx. 4–6; Col. ii. 23.
II. Religious worship is to be given to God, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; and to him alone:¹⁶⁷⁵¹⁶⁷⁵Matt. iv. 10 with John v. 23 and 2 Cor. xiii. 14; [Am. ed. Rev. v. 11–13]. not to angels, saints, or any other creature:¹⁶⁷⁶¹⁶⁷⁶Col. ii. 18; Rev. xix. 10; Rom. i. 25. and since the fall, not without a Mediator; nor in the mediation of any other but of Christ alone.¹⁶⁷⁷¹⁶⁷⁷John xiv. 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5; Eph. ii. 18; Col. iii. 17.	II. Cultus religiosus Deo Patri Filio et Spiritui sancto, eique soli est exhibendus,¹⁶⁷⁸¹⁶⁷⁸Matt. iv. 10 with John v. 23 and 2 Cor. xiii. 14; [Am. ed. Rev. v. 11–13]. non angelis, non sanctis, neque alii cuivis creaturæ,¹⁶⁷⁹¹⁶⁷⁹Col. ii. 18; Rev. xix. 10; Rom. i. 25. nec ipsi Deo quidem post lapsum citra Mediatorem, aut quidem per Mediatorem alium quam Jesum Christum.¹⁶⁸⁰¹⁶⁸⁰John xiv. 6; 1 Tim. ii. 5; Eph. ii. 18; Col. iii. 17.
III. Prayer with thanksgiving, being one special part of religious worship,¹⁶⁸¹¹⁶⁸¹Phil. iv. 6. is by God required of all	III. Supplicationem cum gratiarum actione, quæ est inter partes præcipuas divini cultus,¹⁶⁸²¹⁶⁸²Phil. iv. 6. Deus fieri

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men;¹⁶⁸³¹⁶⁸³Psa. lxv. 2. and that it may be accepted, it is to be made in the name of the Son,¹⁶⁸⁴¹⁶⁸⁴John xiv. 13, 14; 1 Pet. ii. 5. by the help of his Spirit,¹⁶⁸⁵¹⁶⁸⁵Rom. viii. 26. according to his will,¹⁶⁸⁶¹⁶⁸⁶1 John v. 14. with understanding, reverence, humility, fervency, faith, love, and perseverance;¹⁶⁸⁷¹⁶⁸⁷Psa. xlvii. 7; Eccles. v. 1, 2; Heb. xii. 28; Gen. xviii. 27; James v. 16; i. 6, 7; Mark xi. 24; Matt. vi. 12, 14, 15; Col. iv. 2; Eph. vi. 18. and, if vocal, in a known tongue.¹⁶⁸⁸¹⁶⁸⁸1 Cor. xiv. 14.	iubet ab hominibus universis;¹⁶⁸⁹¹⁶⁸⁹Psa. lxv. 2. quæ, quo Deo grata sit et accepta, est in nomine Filii,¹⁶⁹⁰¹⁶⁹⁰John xiv. 13, 14; 1 Pet. ii. 5. subsidio spiritus ejus,¹⁶⁹¹¹⁶⁹¹Rom. viii. 26. et secundum ipsius voluntatem,¹⁶⁹²¹⁶⁹²1 John v. 14. cum intellectu, reverentia, humilitate, fervore, fide, amore, ac perseverantia offerenda;¹⁶⁹³¹⁶⁹³Psa. xlvii. 7; Eccles. v. 1, 2; Heb. xii. 28; Gen. xviii. 27; James v. 16; i. 6, 7; Mark xi. 24; Matt. vi. 12, 14, 15; Col. iv. 2; Eph. vi. 18. et quidem, si vocalis sit, in lingua nota est efferenda.¹⁶⁹⁴¹⁶⁹⁴1 Cor. xiv. 14.
IV. Prayer is to be made for things lawful,¹⁶⁹⁵¹⁶⁹⁵1 John v. 14. and for all sorts of men living, or that shall live hereafter;¹⁶⁹⁶¹⁶⁹⁶1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; John xvii. 20; 2 Sam. vii. 29; Ruth iv. 12. but not for the dead,¹⁶⁹⁷¹⁶⁹⁷2 Sam. xii. 21–23 with Luke xvi. 25, 26; Rev. xiv. 13. nor for those of whom it may be known that they have sinned the sin unto death.¹⁶⁹⁸¹⁶⁹⁸1 John v. 16.	IV. Preces pro rebus non nisi licitis sunt faciendæ,¹⁶⁹⁹¹⁶⁹⁹1 John v. 14. pro hominibus autem cuiuscunque generis, vivis scilicet, aut etiam victuris aliquando;¹⁷⁰⁰¹⁷⁰⁰1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; John xvii. 20; 2 Sam. vii. 29; Ruth iv. 12. pro mortuis autem neutiquam;¹⁷⁰¹¹⁷⁰¹2 Sam. xii. 21–23 with Luke xvi. 25, 26; Rev. xiv. 13. sed neque pro iis, de quibus constare possit eos peccatum ad mortem perpetrasse.¹⁷⁰²¹⁷⁰²1 John v. 16.
V. The reading of the Scriptures with godly fear;¹⁷⁰³¹⁷⁰³Acts xv. 21; Rev. i. 3. the sound preaching;¹⁷⁰⁴¹⁷⁰⁴2 Tim. iv. 2. and conscionable hearing of the Word, in obedience unto God with understanding, faith, and reverence;¹⁷⁰⁵¹⁷⁰⁵James i. 22; Acts x. 33; Matt. xiii. 19; Heb. iv. 2; Isa. lxvi. 2. singing of psalms with grace in the heart;¹⁷⁰⁶¹⁷⁰⁶Col. iii. 16; Eph. v. 19; James v. 13. as, also, the dne administration and worthy receiving of the sacraments instituted by Christ; are all parts of the ordinary religious worship of God:¹⁷⁰⁷¹⁷⁰⁷Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23–29; Acts ii. 42. besides religious oaths,¹⁷⁰⁸¹⁷⁰⁸Deut. vi. 13 with Neh. x. 29. vows,¹⁷⁰⁹¹⁷⁰⁹Isa. xix. 21 with Eccles. v. 4, 5; [Am. ed. Acts xviii. 18.—Am. ed. reads and vows]. solemn	V. Scripturarum lectio cum timore pio;¹⁷¹⁰¹⁷¹⁰Acts xv. 21; Rev. i. 3. verbi prædicatio solida,¹⁷¹¹¹⁷¹¹2 Tim. iv. 2. ejusdemque auditio religiosa ex obedientia erga Deum, cum intellectu, fide et reverentia;¹⁷¹²¹⁷¹²James i. 22; Acts x. 33; Matt. xiii. 19; Heb. iv. 2; Isa. lxvi. 2. Psalmorum cum gratia in corde cantatio,¹⁷¹³¹⁷¹³Col. iii. 16; Eph. v. 19; James v. 13. prout etiam Sacramentorum, quæ Christus instituit, debita administratio, et participatio digna, sunt divini cultus reiigiosi partes, et quidem ordinarii.¹⁷¹⁴¹⁷¹⁴Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23–29; Acts ii. 42. Religiosa insuper juramenta,¹⁷¹⁵¹⁷¹⁵Deut. vi. 13 with Neh. x. 29. votaque;¹⁷¹⁶¹⁷¹⁶Isa. xix. 21 with Eccles. v. 4, 5; [Am. ed. Acts xviii. 18.—Am. ed. reads and vows]. solennia jejunia,¹⁷¹⁷¹⁷¹⁷Joel ii. 12; Esth. iv. 16; Matt. ix. 15; 1 Cor. vii. 5.

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fastings,¹⁷¹⁸¹⁷¹⁸Joel ii. 12; Esth. iv. 16; Matt. ix. 15; 1 Cor. vii. 5. and thanksgivings upon several¹⁷¹⁹¹⁷¹⁹[Amer. ed. has special] occasions;¹⁷²⁰¹⁷²⁰Psalm cvii. throughout; Esth. ix. 22. which are, in their several times and seasons, to be used in an holy and religious manner.¹⁷²¹¹⁷²¹Heb. xii. 28.	solennesque gratiarum actiones, pro varietate eventuum¹⁷²²¹⁷²²Psalm cvii. throughout; Esth. ix. 22.; suo quæque tempore ac opportunitate sancte quidem ac religiose sunt adhibenda.¹⁷²³¹⁷²³Heb. xii. 28.
VI. Neither prayer, nor any other part of religious worship, is now, under the gospel, either tied unto, or made more acceptable by any place in which it is performed, or towards which it is directed:¹⁷²⁴¹⁷²⁴John iv. 21. but God is to be worshiped every where¹⁷²⁵¹⁷²⁵Mal. i. 11; 1 Tim. ii. 8. in spirit and¹⁷²⁶¹⁷²⁶[Am. ed. inserts in.] truth;¹⁷²⁷¹⁷²⁷John iv. 23, 24. as in private families¹⁷²⁸¹⁷²⁸Jer. x. 25; Deut. vi. 6, 7; Job i. 5; 2 Sam. vi. 18, 20; 1 Pet. iii. 7; Acts x. 2. daily,¹⁷²⁹¹⁷²⁹Matt. vi. 11; [Am. ed. Josh. xxiv. 15]. and in secret each one by himself,¹⁷³⁰¹⁷³⁰Matt. vi. 6; Eph. vi. 18. so more solemnly in the public assemblies, which are not carelessly or willfully to be neglected or forsaken, when God, by his Word or providence, calleth thereunto.¹⁷³¹¹⁷³¹Isa. lvi. 7; Heb. x. 25; Prov. i. 20, 21, 24; viii. 34; Acts xiii. 42; Luke iv. 16; Acts ii. 42.	VI. Hodie sub evangelio neque preces, nec ulla pars alia religiosi cultus ita cuivis alligatur loco in quo præstetur aut versus quem dirigatur,¹⁷³²¹⁷³²John iv. 21. ut inde gratior evadat et acceptior; verum ubique Deus colendus est¹⁷³³¹⁷³³Mal. i. 11; 1 Tim. ii. 8. in spiritu ac veritate;¹⁷³⁴¹⁷³⁴John iv. 23, 24. quotidie¹⁷³⁵¹⁷³⁵Jer. x. 25; Deut. vi. 6, 7; Job i. 5; 2 Sam. vi. 18, 20; 1 Pet. iii. 7; Acts x. 2. quidem inter privatos parietes a quavis familia,¹⁷³⁶¹⁷³⁶Matt. vi. 11; [Am. ed. Josh. xxiv. 15]. ut etiam a quolibet seorsim in secreto;¹⁷³⁷¹⁷³⁷Matt. vi. 6; Eph. vi. 18. at solenniter magis in conventibus publicis, qui certe quoties eo nos Deus vocat, seu verbo suo seu providentia, non sunt vel ex incuria vel obstinatione animi aut negligendi aut deserendi.¹⁷³⁸¹⁷³⁸Isa. lvi. 7; Heb. x. 25; Prov. i. 20, 21, 24; viii. 34; Acts xiii. 42; Luke iv. 16; Acts ii. 42.
VII. As it is of the law of nature, that, in general, a due proportion of time be set apart for the worship of God; so, in his Word, by a positive, moral, and perpetual commandment, binding all men in all ages, he hath particularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath, to be kept holy unto him:¹⁷³⁹¹⁷³⁹Exod. xx. 8, 10, 11; Isa. lvi. 2, 4, 6, 7; [Am. ed. Isa. lvi. 6]. which, from the	VII. Quemadmodum est de lege naturæ ut indefinite portio quædam temporis idonea divino cultui celebrando sejuncta sit ac assignata; ita in verbo suo Deus (præcepto morali, positivo ac perpetuo, homines omnes cujuscunque fuerint seculi obligante) speciatim e septenis quibusque diebus diem unum in Sabbatum designavit, sancte sibi observandum.¹⁷⁴⁰¹⁷⁴⁰Exod. xx. 8, 10, 11; Isa. lvi. 2, 4, 6, 7; [Am. ed. Isa. lvi. 6]. Quod

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Chapter XXII.	Cap. XXII.
beginning of the world to the resurrection of Christ, was the last day of the week; and, from the resurrection of Christ, was changed into the first day of the week,¹⁷⁴¹¹⁷⁴¹Gen. ii. 2, 3; 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2; Acts xx. 7. which in Scripture is called the Lord's day,¹⁷⁴²¹⁷⁴²Rev. i. 10. and is to be continued to the end of the world, as the Christian Sabbath.¹⁷⁴³¹⁷⁴³Exod. xx. 8, 10, with Matt. v. 17, 18.	quidem ab orbe condito ad resurrectionem usque Christi dies ultimus erat in septimana; deinde autem a Christi resurrectione in septimanæ diem primum transferebatur;¹⁷⁴⁴¹⁷⁴⁴Gen. ii. 2, 3; 1 Cor. xvi. 1, 2; Acts xx. 7. qui quidem in Scriptura Dies Dominicus¹⁷⁴⁵¹⁷⁴⁵Rev. i. 10. nuncupatur, estque perpetuo ad finem mundi tanquam Sabbatum Christianum celebrandus.¹⁷⁴⁶¹⁷⁴⁶Exod. xx. 8, 10, with Matt. v. 17, 18.
VIII. This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord, when men, after a due preparing of their hearts, and ordering of their common affairs beforehand, do not only observe an holy rest all the day from their own works, words, and thoughts, about their worldly employments and recreations;¹⁷⁴⁷¹⁷⁴⁷Exod. xx. 8; xvi. 23, 25, 26, 29, 30; xxxi. 15–17; Isa. lviii. 13; Neh. xiii. 15–22. but also are taken up the whole time in the public and private exercises of his worship, and in the duties of necessity and mercy.¹⁷⁴⁸¹⁷⁴⁸Isa. lviii. 13; Matt. xii. 1–13.	VIII. Tunc autem hoc Sabbatum Deo sancte celebratur, quum post corda rite præparata, et compositas suas res mundanas, homines non solum a suis ipsorum operibus, dictis, cogitatis; (quæ circa illas exerceri solent) a recreationibus etiam ludicris quietem sanctam toto observant die;¹⁷⁴⁹¹⁷⁴⁹Exod. xx. 8; xvi. 23, 25, 26, 29, 30; xxxi. 15–17; Isa. lviii. 13; Neh. xiii. 15–22. verum etiam in exercitiis divini cultus publicis privatisque, ac in officiis necessitatis et misericordiæ toto illo tempore occupantur.¹⁷⁵⁰¹⁷⁵⁰Isa. lviii. 13; Matt. xii. 1–13.
Of Lawful Oaths and Vows.	De Juramentis, votisque licitis.
I. A lawful oath is a part of religious worship,¹⁷⁵¹¹⁷⁵¹Deut. x. 20. wherein, upon just occasion, the person swearing solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth or promiseth; and to judge him according to the truth or falsehood of what he sweareth.¹⁷⁵²¹⁷⁵²Exod. xx. 7; Lev. xix. 12; 2 Cor. i. 23; 2 Chron. vi. 22, 23.	I. Juramentum licitum est pars cultus religiosi,¹⁷⁵³¹⁷⁵³Deut. x. 20. qua (occasione justa oblata) qui jurat, Deum, de eo quod asserit aut promittit, solenni modo testatur; eundemque appellat se secundum illius quod jurat veritatem aut falsitatem judicaturum.¹⁷⁵⁴¹⁷⁵⁴Exod. xx. 7; Lev. xix. 12; 2 Cor. i. 23; 2 Chron. vi. 22, 23.
II. The name of God only is that	II. Per solum Dei nomen jurare

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by which, men ought to swear, and therein it is to be used with all holy fear and reverence;¹⁷⁵⁵¹⁷⁵⁵Deut. vi. 13. therefore to swear vainly or rashly by that glorious and dreadful name, or to swear at all by any other thing, is sinful, and to be abhorred.¹⁷⁵⁶¹⁷⁵⁶Exod. xx. 7; Jer. v. 7; Matt. v. 34, 37; James v. 12. Yet as, in matters of weight and moment, an oath is warranted by the Word of God, under the New Testament, as well as under the Old,¹⁷⁵⁷¹⁷⁵⁷Heb. vi. 16; 2 Cor. i. 23; Isa. lxv. 16. so a lawful oath, being imposed by lawful authority, in such matters ought to be taken.¹⁷⁵⁸¹⁷⁵⁸1 Kings viii. 31; Neh. xiii. 25; Ezra x. 25.	debent homines, quod quidem cum omni timore sancto ac reverentia est inibi usurpandum.¹⁷⁵⁹¹⁷⁵⁹Deut. vi. 13. Proindeque per nomen illud gloriosum ac tremendum jurare leviter, aut temere, vel etiam omnino jurare per rem aliam quamviscunque, sceleratum est et quam maxime perhorrescendum.¹⁷⁶⁰¹⁷⁶⁰Exod. xx. 7; Jer. v. 7; Matt. v. 34, 37; James v. 12. Veruntamen sicut in rebus majoris ponderis et momenti secundum verbum Dei licitum est jusjurandum non minus quidem sub Novo quam sub Vetere Testamento:¹⁷⁶¹¹⁷⁶¹Heb. vi. 16; 2 Cor. i. 23; Isa. lxv. 16. ita sane jusjurandum licitum, authoritate legitima si exigatur, non est in rebus ejusmodi declinandum.¹⁷⁶²¹⁷⁶²1 Kings viii. 31; Neh. xiii. 25; Ezra x. 25.
III. Whosoever taketh an oath ought duly to consider the weightiness of so solemn an act, and therein to avouch nothing but what he is fully persuaded is the truth.¹⁷⁶³¹⁷⁶³Exod. xx. 7; Jer. iv. 2. Neither may any man bind himself by oath to any thing but what is good and just, and what he believeth so to be, and what he is able and resolved to perform.¹⁷⁶⁴¹⁷⁶⁴Gen. xxiv. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. Yet it is a sin to refuse an oath touching any thing that is good and just, being imposed by lawful authority.¹⁷⁶⁵¹⁷⁶⁵Numb. v. 19, 21; Neh. v. 12; Exod. xxii. 7–11.	III. Quicunque juramentum præstat eum pondus actionis tam solennis rite secum perpendere oportet, atque juratum de nullo asseverare quod verum esse non habeat sibi persuasissimum.¹⁷⁶⁶¹⁷⁶⁶Exod. xx. 7; Jer. iv. 2. Neque licet cuivis ad agendum quicquam obstringere semet jurejurando, nisi quod revera bonum justumque est, quod ille ejusmodi esse credit, quodque ipse præstare potest statuitque.¹⁷⁶⁷¹⁷⁶⁷Gen. xxiv. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. Veruntamen de re bona justaque jusjurandum, legitima authoritate si exigatur, peccat ille qui detrectat.¹⁷⁶⁸¹⁷⁶⁸Numb. v. 19, 21; Neh. v. 12; Exod. xxii. 7–11.
IV. An oath is to be taken in the plain and common sense of	IV. Juramentum præstandum est sensu verborum vulgari quidem ac

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the words, without equivocation or mental reservation.¹⁷⁶⁹¹⁷⁶⁹Jer. iv. 2; Psa. xxiv. 4. It can not oblige to sin; but in any thing not sinful, being taken, it binds to performance, although to a man's own hurt:¹⁷⁷⁰¹⁷⁷⁰1 Sam. xxv. 22, 32–34; Psa. xv. 4. nor is it to be violated, although made to heretics or infidels.¹⁷⁷¹¹⁷⁷¹Ezek. xvii. 16, 18, 19; Josh. ix. 18, 19, with 2 Sam. xxi. 1.	manifesto, sine æquivocatione aut reservatione mentali quaviscunque.¹⁷⁷²¹⁷⁷²Jer. iv. 2; Psa. xxiv. 4. Ad peccandum quenquam obligare nequit, verum in re qualibet cui abest peccatum, qui semel illud præstitit, adimplere tenetur, vel etiam cum damno suo;¹⁷⁷³¹⁷⁷³1 Sam. xxv. 22, 32–34; Psa. xv. 4. neque sane licet, quamvis hæreticis datum aut infidelibus, violare.¹⁷⁷⁴¹⁷⁷⁴Ezek. xvii. 16, 18, 19; Josh. ix. 18, 19, with 2 Sam. xxi. 1.
V. A vow is of the like nature with a promissory oath, and ought to be made with the like religious care, and to be performed with the like faithfulness.¹⁷⁷⁵¹⁷⁷⁵Isa. xix. 21; Eccles. v. 4–6; Psa. lxi. 8; lxvi. 13, 14.	V. Votum, naturæ consimilis est cum juramento promissorio, parique debet tum religione nuncupari tum fide persolvi.¹⁷⁷⁶¹⁷⁷⁶Isa. xix. 21; Eccles. v. 4–6; Psa. lxi. 8; lxvi. 13, 14.
VI. It is not to be made to any creature, but to God alone:¹⁷⁷⁷¹⁷⁷⁷Psa. lxxvi. 11; Jer. xliv. 25, 26. and that it may be accepted, it is to be made voluntarily, out of faith and conscience of duty, in way of thankfulness for mercy received, or for the¹⁷⁷⁸¹⁷⁷⁸[Am. ed. omits the.] obtaining of what we want; whereby we more strictly bind ourselves to necessary duties, or to other things, so far and so long as they may fitly conduce thereunto.¹⁷⁷⁹¹⁷⁷⁹Deut. xxiii. 21, 23; Psa. 1. 14; Gen. xxviii. 20–22; 1 Sam. i. 11; Psa. lxvi. 13, 14; cxxxii. 2—5.	VI. Non est ulli creaturæ, sed Deo soli nuncupandum,¹⁷⁸⁰¹⁷⁸⁰Psa. lxxvi. 11; Jer. xliv. 25, 26. et quo gratum illi esse possit acceptumque, est quidem lubenter, e fide, officiique nostri conscientia suscipiendum, vel gratitudinis nostræ ob accepta beneficia testandæ causa, vel boni alicujus, quo indigemus, consequendi; per hoc autem nosmet ad officia necessaria arctius obligamus; vel etiam ad res alias quatenus quidem et quamdiu istis subserviunt.¹⁷⁸¹¹⁷⁸¹Deut. xxiii. 21, 23; Psa. 1. 14; Gen. xxviii. 20–22; 1 Sam. i. 11; Psa. lxvi. 13, 14; cxxxii. 2—5.
VII. No man may vow to do any thing forbidden in the Word of God, or what would hinder any duty therein commanded, or which is not in his own power, and for the performance whereof he hath no promise	VII. Nemini quicquam vovere licet se acturum, quod aut verbo Dei prohibetur; aut officium aliquod inibi præceptum impediret, quodve non est in voventis potestate, et cui præstando vires illi Deus non est pollicitus.¹⁷⁸²¹⁷⁸²Acts xxiii. 12, 14; Mark vi. 26; Numb. xxx. 5, 8, 12, 13.

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Chapter XXIII.	Cap. XXIII.
or ability from God.¹⁷⁸³¹⁷⁸³Acts xxiii. 12, 14; Mark vi. 26; Numb. xxx. 5, 8, 12, 13. In which respect,¹⁷⁸⁴¹⁷⁸⁴[Am. ed. has respects.] popish monastical vows of perpetual single life, professed poverty, and regular obedience, are so far from being degrees of higher perfection, that they are superstitions and sinful snares, in which no Christian may entangle himself.¹⁷⁸⁵¹⁷⁸⁵Matt. xix. 11, 12; 1 Cor. vii. 2, 9; Eph. iv. 28; 1 Pet. iv. 2; 1 Cor. vii. 23.	Unde Pontificiorum illa de perpetuo cœlibatu, de paupertate, deque obedientia regulari vota Monastica, tantum abest ut perfectionis gradus sint sublimiores, ut superstitionis plane sint ac peccati laquei, quibus nulli unquam Christiano semetipsum licet implicare.¹⁷⁸⁶¹⁷⁸⁶Matt. xix. 11, 12; 1 Cor. vii. 2, 9; Eph. iv. 28; 1 Pet. iv. 2; 1 Cor. vii. 23.
Of the Civil Magistrate.	De Magistratu Civili.
I. God, the Supreme Lord and King of all the world, hath ordained civil magistrates to be under him, over the people, for his own glory and the public good, and to this end hath armed them with the power of the sword, for the defense and encouragement of them that are good, and for the punishment of evil-doers.¹⁷⁸⁷¹⁷⁸⁷Rom. xiii. 1–4; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14.	I. Supremus totius Mundi Rex ac Dominus Deus, Magistratus Civiles ordinavit qui vices ejus gerant supra populum ad suam ipsius gloriam, ac bonum publicum; in quem finem eosdem armavit potestate gladii, propter bonorum quidem animationem ac tutamen, animadversionem autem in maleficos.¹⁷⁸⁸¹⁷⁸⁸Rom. xiii. 1–4; 1 Pet. ii. 13, 14.
II. It is lawful for Christians to accept and execute the office of a magistrate when called thereunto;¹⁷⁸⁹¹⁷⁸⁹Prov. viii. 15, 16; Rom. xiii. 1, 2, 4. in the managing whereof, as they ought especially to maintain piety, justice, and peace, according to the wholesome laws of each commonwealth,¹⁷⁹⁰¹⁷⁹⁰Psa. ii. 10–12; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Psa. lxxxii. 3, 4; 2 Sam. xxiii. 3; 1 Pet. ii. 13. so, for that end, they may lawfully, now under the New Testament, wage war upon just and necessary occasion.¹⁷⁹¹¹⁷⁹¹Luke iii. 14; Rom. xiii. 4; Matt. viii. 9, 10; Acts x. 1, 2; Rev. xvii. 14, 16.^&¹⁷⁹²¹⁷⁹²[Am. ed. has occasions.]	II. Christianis, quoties ad id vocantur, Magistratus munus et suscipere licet et exequi;¹⁷⁹³¹⁷⁹³Prov. viii. 15, 16; Rom. xiii. 1, 2, 4. in quo quidem gerendo, ut pietatem præcipue, justitiam, ac pacem secundum salubres cujusque Reipublicæ leges tueri debent,¹⁷⁹⁴¹⁷⁹⁴Psa. ii. 10–12; 1 Tim. ii. 2; Psa. lxxxii. 3, 4; 2 Sam. xxiii. 3; 1 Pet. ii. 13. ita quo illum finem consequantur, licitum est iis vel hodie sub Novo Testamento in causis justis ac necessariis bellum gerere.¹⁷⁹⁵¹⁷⁹⁵Luke iii. 14; Rom. xiii. 4; Matt. viii. 9, 10; Acts x. 1, 2; Rev. xvii. 14, 16.

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III. The civil magistrate may not assume to himself the administration of the Word and Sacraments, or the power of the keys of the kingdom of heaven:¹⁷⁹⁶¹⁷⁹⁶2 Chron. xxvi. 18 with Matt. xviii. 17 and xvi. 19; 1 Cor. xii. 28, 29; Eph. iv. 11, 12; 1 Cor. iv. 1, 2; Rom. x. 15; Heb. v. 4. yet he hath authority, and it is his duty to take order, that unity and peace be preserved in the Church, that the truth of God be kept pure and entire, that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed, all corruptions and abuses in worship and discipline prevented or reformed, and all the ordinances of God duly settled, administered, and observed.¹⁷⁹⁷¹⁷⁹⁷Isa. xlix. 23; Psa. cxxii. 9; Ezra vii. 23–28; Lev. xxiv. 16; Deut. xiii. 5, 6, 12; 2 Kings xviii. 4; 1 Chron. xiii. 1–9; 2 Kings xxiii. 1–26; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; 2 Chron. xv. 12, 13. For the better effecting whereof he hath power to call synods, to be present at them, and to provide that whatsoever is transacted in them be according to the mind of God.¹⁷⁹⁸¹⁷⁹⁸2 Chron. xix. 8–11; chaps. xxix. and xxx.; Matt. ii. 4, 5.

III. Magistratui Civili verbi et sacramentorum administrationem, aut clavium regni cœlorum potestatem assumere sibi non est licitum:¹⁷⁹⁹¹⁷⁹⁹2 Chron. xxvi. 18 with Matt. xviii. 17 and xvi. 19; 1 Cor. xii. 28, 29; Eph. iv. 11, 12; 1 Cor. iv. 1, 2; Rom. x. 15; Heb. v. 4. nihilo tamen minus et jure potest ille, eique incumbit providere ut Ecclesiæ unitas ac tranquillitas conservetur, ut veritas Dei pura et integra custodiatur, ut supprimantur blasphemiæ omnes, hæresesque, ut in cultu ac disciplina omnes corruptelæ ac abusus aut præcaveantur aut reformentur, omnia denique instituta divina, ut rite statuminentur, administrentur, observentur.¹⁸⁰⁰¹⁸⁰⁰Isa. xlix. 23; Psa. cxxii. 9; Ezra vii. 23–28; Lev. xxiv. 16; Deut. xiii. 5, 6, 12; 2 Kings xviii. 4; 1 Chron. xiii. 1–9; 2 Kings xxiii. 1–26; 2 Chron. xxxiv. 33; 2 Chron. xv. 12, 13. Quæ omnia quo melius præstare possit, potestatem habet tum Synodos convocandi, tum ut ipsis intersit, prospiciatque, ut quicquid in iis transigatur sit menti divinæ consentaneum.¹⁸⁰¹¹⁸⁰¹2 Chron. xix. 8–11; chaps. xxix. and xxx.; Matt. ii. 4, 5.

The above section is changed in the American revision, and adapted to the separation of Church and State, as follows:

[III. Civil magistrates may not assume to themselves the administration of the Word and Sacraments (2 Chron. xxvi. 18); or the power of the keys of the kingdom of heaven (Matt. xvi. 19; 1 Cor. iv. 1, 2); or, in the least, interfere in matters of faith (John xviii. 36; Mal. ii. 7; Acts v. 29). Yet as nursing fathers, it is the duty of civil magistrates to protect the Church of our common Lord, without giving the preference to any denomination of Christians above the rest, in such a manner that all ecclesiastical persons whatever 654shall enjoy the full, free, and unquestioned liberty of discharging every part of their sacred functions, without violence or danger (Isa. xlix. 23). And, as Jesus Christ hath appointed a regular government and discipline in his Church, no law of any commonwealth should interfere with, let, or hinder, the due exercise thereof, among the voluntary members of any denomination of Christians, according to their own profession and belief (Psa. cv. 15; Acts xviii. 14–16). It is the duty of civil magistrates to protect the person and good name of all their people, in such an effectual manner as that no person be suffered, either upon pretence of religion or infidelity, to offer any indignity, violence, abuse, or injury to any other person whatsoever: and to take order, that all religious and ecclesiastical assemblies be held without molestation or disturbance (2 Sam. xxiii. 3; 1 Tim. ii. 1; Rom. xiii. 4).]

IV. It is the duty of people¹⁸⁰²¹⁸⁰²[Am. ed. reads of the people.] to pray for magistrates,¹⁸⁰³¹⁸⁰³1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. to honor their persons,¹⁸⁰⁴¹⁸⁰⁴1 Pet. ii. 17. to pay them tribute and other dues,¹⁸⁰⁵¹⁸⁰⁵Rom. xiii. 6, 7. to obey their lawful commands, and to be subject to their authority, for conscience' sake.¹⁸⁰⁶¹⁸⁰⁶Rom. xiii. 5; Tit. i. 3. Infidelity or difference in religion doth not make void the magistrate's just and legal authority, nor free the people from their due obedience to him:¹⁸⁰⁷¹⁸⁰⁷1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16. from which ecclesiastical persons are not exempted;¹⁸⁰⁸¹⁸⁰⁸Rom. xiii. 1; 1 Kings ii. 35; Acts xxv. 9–11; 2 Pet. ii. 1, 10, 11; Jude 8–11. much less hath the Pope any power or jurisdiction over them in their dominions, or over any of their people; and least of all to deprive them of their dominions or lives, if he shall judge them to be

IV. Debet populus pro Magistratibus preces fundere,¹⁸⁰⁹¹⁸⁰⁹1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. personas eorum honore prosequi,¹⁸¹⁰¹⁸¹⁰1 Pet. ii. 17. tributa aliaque eis debita persolvere,¹⁸¹¹¹⁸¹¹Rom. xiii. 6, 7. obtemperare licitis eorum mandatis, ac propter conscientiam subjici illorum authoritati;¹⁸¹²¹⁸¹²Rom. xiii. 5; Tit. i. 3. quæ si justa sit ac legitima, non eam illorum infidelitas, non religio diversa cassam reddit, neque populum liberat a debitæ, illis obedientiæ præstatione,¹⁸¹³¹⁸¹³1 Pet. ii. 13, 14, 16. qua viri quidem Ecclesiastici non eximuntur,¹⁸¹⁴¹⁸¹⁴Rom. xiii. 1; 1 Kings ii. 35; Acts xxv. 9–11; 2 Pet. ii. 1, 10, 11; Jude 8–11. multo minus in ipsos magistratus, intra ditionem suam, ant ex eorum populo quemvis potestatem ullam habet aut jurisdictionem Papa Romanus, minime vero omnium vita illos aut principatu exuendi, si ipse

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Chapter XXIV.	Cap. XXIV.
heretics, or upon any other pretense whatsoever.¹⁸¹⁵¹⁸¹⁵2 Thess. ii. 4; Rev. xiii. 15–17.	scilicet eos hæreticos esse judicaverit, vel etiam alio prætextu quoviscunque.¹⁸¹⁶¹⁸¹⁶2 Thess. ii. 4; Rev. xiii. 15–17.
Of Marriage and Divorce.	De Conjugio et Divortio.
I. Marriage is to be between one man and one woman: neither is it lawful for any man to have more than one wife, nor for any woman to have more than one husband at the same time.¹⁸¹⁷¹⁸¹⁷Gen. ii. 24; Matt. xix. 5, 6; Prov. ii. 17; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. vii. 2; Mark x. 6–9].	I. Conjugium inter unum virum ac fœminam unam contrahi debet; neque viro ulli uxores plures, nec ulli fœminæ ultra unum maritum eodem tempore habere licet.¹⁸¹⁸¹⁸¹⁸Gen. ii. 24; Matt. xix. 5, 6; Prov. ii. 17; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. vii. 2; Mark x. 6–9].
II. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of husband and wife;¹⁸¹⁹¹⁸¹⁹Gen. ii. 18. for the increase of mankind with a legitimate issue, and of the Church with an holy seed;¹⁸²⁰¹⁸²⁰Mal. ii. 15. and for preventing of uncleanness.¹⁸²¹¹⁸²¹1 Cor. vii. 2, 9.	II. Conjugium erat institutum, cum propter mariti uxorisque auxilium mutuum,¹⁸²²¹⁸²²Gen. ii. 18. tum propter humani generis prole legitima, Ecclesiæqeu sancto semine incrementum,¹⁸²³¹⁸²³Mal. ii. 15. tum vero etiam ad impudicitiam declinandam.¹⁸²⁴¹⁸²⁴1 Cor. vii. 2, 9.
III. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry who are able with judgment to give their consent.¹⁸²⁵¹⁸²⁵Heb. xiii. 4; 1 Tim. iv. 3; 1 Cor. vii. 36–38; Gen. xxiv. 57, 58. Yet it is the duty of Christians to marry only in the Lord.¹⁸²⁶¹⁸²⁶1 Cor. vii. 39. And, therefore, such as profess the true reformed religion should not marry with infidels, Papists, or other idolaters: neither should such as are godly be unequally yoked, by marrying with such as are notoriously wicked in their life, or maintain damnable heresies.¹⁸²⁷¹⁸²⁷Gen. xxxiv. 14; Exod. xxxiv. 16; Deut. vii. 3, 4; 1 Kings xi. 4; Neh. xiii. 25–27; Mal. ii. 11, 12; 2 Cor. vi. 14.	III. Matrimonio jungi cuivis hominum generi licitum est, qui consensum suum præbere valent cum judicio;¹⁸²⁸¹⁸²⁸Heb. xiii. 4; 1 Tim. iv. 3; 1 Cor. vii. 36–38; Gen. xxiv. 57, 58. Veruntamen solum in Domino connubia inire debent Christiani;¹⁸²⁹¹⁸²⁹1 Cor. vii. 39. proindeque quotquot religionem veram reformatamque profitentur, non debent Infidelibus, Papistis, aut aliis quibuscunque idololatris connubio sociari; neque sane debent qui pii sunt impari jugo copulari, conjugium cum illis contrahendo qui aut improbitate vitæ sunt notabiles, aut damnabiles tuentur hæreses.¹⁸³⁰¹⁸³⁰Gen. xxxiv. 14; Exod. xxxiv. 16; Deut. vii. 3, 4; 1 Kings xi. 4; Neh. xiii. 25–27; Mal. ii. 11, 12; 2 Cor. vi. 14.;

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IV. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of consanguinity or affinity forbidden in the Word;¹⁸³¹¹⁸³¹Lev. chap. xviii.; 1 Cor. v. 1; Amos ii. 7. nor can such incestuous marriages ever be made lawful by any law of man, or consent of parties, so as those persons may live together, as man and wife.¹⁸³²¹⁸³²Mark vi. 18; Lev. xviii. 24–28. The man may not marry any of his wife's kindred nearer in blood than he may of his own, nor the woman of her husband's kindred nearer in blood than of her own.¹⁸³³¹⁸³³Lev. xx. 19–21.	IV. Connubia intra consanguinitatis affinitatisque gradus in verbo Dei vetitos iniri non est licitum;¹⁸³⁴¹⁸³⁴Lev. chap. xviii.; 1 Cor. v. 1; Amos ii. 7. neque possunt ejusmodi incesta conjugia quavis aut humana lege, aut consensione partium fieri legitima, adeo ut personis illis ad instar mariti et uxoris liceat unquam cohabitare.¹⁸³⁵¹⁸³⁵Mark vi. 18; Lev. xviii. 24–28. Non licet viro e cognatione uxoris suæ ducere, quam si æque seipsum attingeret sanguine, ducere non liceret; sicuti nec fœminæ licet viro nubere a mariti sui sanguine minus, quam a suo liceret, alieno.¹⁸³⁶¹⁸³⁶Lev. xx. 19–21.
V. Adultery or fornication, committed after a contract, being detected before marriage, giveth just occasion to the innocent party to dissolve that contract.¹⁸³⁷¹⁸³⁷Matt. i. 18–20. In the case of adultery after marriage, it is lawful for the innocent party to sue out a divorce,¹⁸³⁸¹⁸³⁸Matt. v. 31, 32. and after the divorce to marry another, as if the offending party were dead.¹⁸³⁹¹⁸³⁹Matt. xix. 9; Rom. vii. 2, 3.	V. Adulterium aut scortatio si admittatur post sponsalia, ac ante conjugium detegatur, personæ innocenti justam præbet occasionem contractum illum dissolvendi;¹⁸⁴⁰¹⁸⁴⁰Matt. i. 18–20. quod si adulterium post conjugium admittatur, licebit parti innocenti divortium lege postulare ac obtinere;¹⁸⁴¹¹⁸⁴¹Matt. v. 31, 32. atque quidem post factum divortium conjugio alteri sociari, perinde acsi mortua esset persona illa quæ conjugii fidem violabat.¹⁸⁴²¹⁸⁴²Matt. xix. 9; Rom. vii. 2, 3.
VI. Although the corruption of man be such as is apt to study arguments, unduly to put asunder those whom God hath joined together in marriage; yet nothing but adultery, or such willful desertion as can no way be remedied by	VI. Quamvis ea sit hominis corruptio ut proclivis sit ad excogitandum argumenta, indebite illos quos Deus connubio junxit dissociandi; nihilominus tamen extra adulterium ac desertionem ita obstinatam, ut cui nullo remedio, nec ab Ecclesia nec a

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Chapter XXV.	Cap. XXV.
the Church or civil magistrate, is cause sufficient of dissolving the bond of marriage;¹⁸⁴³¹⁸⁴³Matt. xix. 8, 9; 1 Cor. vii. 15; Matt. xix. 6. wherein a public and orderly course of proceeding is to be observed; and the persons concerned in it, not left to their own wills and discretion in their own case.¹⁸⁴⁴¹⁸⁴⁴Deut. xxiv. 1–4; [Am. ed. Ezra x. 3].	Magistratu civili subveniri possit, sufficiens causa nulla esse potest conjugii vinculum dissolvendi.¹⁸⁴⁵¹⁸⁴⁵Matt. xix. 8, 9; 1 Cor. vii. 15; Matt. xix. 6. Atque hac quidem in re procedendi ordo publicus et regularis est observandus, nec personæ illæ, quarum jus agitur, sunt suo arbitrio judiciove in causa propria permittendæ.¹⁸⁴⁶¹⁸⁴⁶Deut. xxiv. 1–4; [Am. ed. Ezra x. 3].
Of the Church.	De Ecclesia.
I. The catholic or universal Church, which is invisible, consists of the whole number of the elect, that have been, are, or shall be gathered into one, under Christ the head thereof; and is the spouse, the body, the fullness of him that filleth all in all.¹⁸⁴⁷¹⁸⁴⁷Eph. i. 10, 22, 23; v. 23, 27, 32; Col. i. 18.	I. Catholica sive Universalis Ecclesia ea quæ est invisibilis constat e toto electorum numero, quotquot fuerunt, sunt, aut erunt unquam in unum collecti, sub Christo ejusdem Capite; estque sponsa, corpus ac plenitudo ejus qui implet omnia in omnibus.¹⁸⁴⁸¹⁸⁴⁸Eph. i. 10, 22, 23; v. 23, 27, 32; Col. i. 18.
II. The visible Church, which is also catholic or universal under the gospel (not confined to one nation as before under the law) consists of all those, throughout the world, that profess the true religion,¹⁸⁴⁹¹⁸⁴⁹1 Cor. i. 2; xii. 12, 13; Psa. ii. 8; Rev. vii. 9; Rom. xv. 9–12. and of¹⁸⁵⁰¹⁸⁵⁰[Am. ed. together with, instead of and of.] their children;¹⁸⁵¹¹⁸⁵¹1 Cor. vii. 14; Acts ii. 39; Ezek. xvi. 20, 21; Rom. xi. 16; Gen. iii. 15; xvii. 7; [Am. ed. Gal. iii. 7, 9, 14; Rom. iv. throughout]. and is the kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ,¹⁸⁵²¹⁸⁵²Matt. xiii. 47; Isa. ix. 7. the house and family of God,¹⁸⁵³¹⁸⁵³Eph. ii. 19; iii. 15; [Am. ed. Prov. xxix. 18]. out of which there is no ordinary possibility of salvation.¹⁸⁵⁴¹⁸⁵⁴Acts ii. 47.	II. Ecclesia visibilis (quæ etiam sub Evangelio, Catholica est et universalis, non autem unius gentis finibus, ut pridem sub lege, circumscripta) ex iis omnibus constat, undecunque terrarum sint, qui veram religionem profitentur,¹⁸⁵⁵¹⁸⁵⁵1 Cor. i. 2; xii. 12, 13; Psa. ii. 8; Rev. vii. 9; Rom. xv. 9–12. una cum eorundem liberis;¹⁸⁵⁶¹⁸⁵⁶1 Cor. vii. 14; Acts ii. 39; Ezek. xvi. 20, 21; Rom. xi. 16; Gen. iii. 15; xvii. 7; [Am. ed. Gal. iii. 7, 9, 14; Rom. iv. throughout]. estque Regnum Domini Jesu Christi,¹⁸⁵⁷¹⁸⁵⁷Matt. xiii. 47; Isa. ix. 7. Domus et familla Dei,¹⁸⁵⁸¹⁸⁵⁸Eph. ii. 19; iii. 15; [Am. ed. Prov. xxix. 18]. extra quam quidem ordinarie fieri nequit ut quivis salutem consequatur.¹⁸⁵⁹¹⁸⁵⁹Acts ii. 47.

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III. Unto this catholic visible Church Christ hath given the ministry, oracles, and ordinances of God, for the gathering and perfecting of the saints, in this life, to the end of the world: and doth by his own presence and Spirit, according to his promise, make them effectual thereunto.¹⁸⁶⁰¹⁸⁶⁰1 Cor. xii. 23; Eph. iv. 11–13; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; Isa. lix. 21.	III. Catholicæ huic Ecclesiæ visibili dedit Christus ministrorum ordinem, oracula, ac instituta Dei ad sanctos usque ad finem mundi in hac vita colligendos simul et perficiendos; in quem finem præsentia sua, spirituque secundum ipsius promissionem, eadem reddit efficacia.¹⁸⁶¹¹⁸⁶¹1 Cor. xii. 23; Eph. iv. 11–13; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; Isa. lix. 21.
IV. This catholic Church hath been sometimes more, sometimes less visible.¹⁸⁶²¹⁸⁶²Rom. xi. 3, 4; Rev. xii. 6, 14; [Am. ed. Acts ix. 31]. And particular churches, which are members thereof, are more or less pure, according as the doctrine of the gospel is taught and embraced, ordinances administered, and public worship performed more or less purely in them.¹⁸⁶³¹⁸⁶³Rev. chaps. ii. and iii.; 1 Cor. v. 6, 7.	IV. Ecclesia hæc Catholica extitit quandoque magis quandoque minus visibilis.¹⁸⁶⁴¹⁸⁶⁴Rom. xi. 3, 4; Rev. xii. 6, 14; [Am. ed. Acts ix. 31]. Ecclesiæ autem particulares (quæ sunt illius membra) eo magis minusve puræ sunt, qui majori aut minori cum puritate in iis docetur excipiturque Evangelii doctrina, administrantur divina instituta, cultusque publicus celebratur.¹⁸⁶⁵¹⁸⁶⁵Rev. chaps. ii. and iii.; 1 Cor. v. 6, 7.
V. The purest churches under heaven are subject both to mixture and error;¹⁸⁶⁶¹⁸⁶⁶1 Cor. xiii. 12; Rev. chaps. ii. and iii.; Matt. xiii. 24–30, 47. and some have so degenerated as to become no churches of Christ, but synagogues of Satan.¹⁸⁶⁷¹⁸⁶⁷Rev. xviii. 2; Rom. xi. 18–22. Nevertheless, there shall be always a Church on earth to worship God according to his will.¹⁸⁶⁸¹⁸⁶⁸Matt. xvi. 18; Psa. lxxii. 17; cii. 28; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20.	V. Purissimæ omnium quæ in terris sunt Ecclesiæ, cum mixturæ tum etiam errori sunt obnoxiæ,¹⁸⁶⁹¹⁸⁶⁹1 Cor. xiii. 12; Rev. chaps. ii. and iii.; Matt. xiii. 24–30, 47. eousque autem nonnullæ degenerarunt, ut ex Ecclesiis Christi factæ demum sint ipsius Satanæ Synagogæ;¹⁸⁷⁰¹⁸⁷⁰Rev. xviii. 2; Rom. xi. 18–22. nihilominus tamen nunquam deerit in terris Ecclesiæ, quæ Deum colat secundum ipsius voluntatem.¹⁸⁷¹¹⁸⁷¹Matt. xvi. 18; Psa. lxxii. 17; cii. 28; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20.
VI. There is no other head of the Church but the Lord Jesus Christ:¹⁸⁷²¹⁸⁷²Col. i. 18; Eph. i. 22. nor can the Pope of Rome, in any	VI. Ecclesiæ caput extra unum Dominum Jesum Christum nullum est;¹⁸⁷³¹⁸⁷³Col. i. 18; Eph. i. 22. nec ullo sensu caput ejus esse

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Chapter XXVI.	Cap. XXVI.
sense be head thereof; but is that Antichrist, that man of sin and son of perdition, that exalteth himself in the Church against Christ, and all that is called God.¹⁸⁷⁴¹⁸⁷⁴Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Thess. ii. 3, 4, 8, 9; Rev. xiii. 6.	potest Papa Romanus, qui est insignis ille Antichristus, homo ille peccati et perditionis filius; in Ecclesia semet efferens adversus Christum, et supra quicquid dicitur Deus.¹⁸⁷⁵¹⁸⁷⁵Matt. xxiii. 8–10; 2 Thess. ii. 3, 4, 8, 9; Rev. xiii. 6.
Of the Communion of Saints.	De Communione Sanctorum.
I. All saints that are united to Jesus Christ their head, by his Spirit and by faith, have fellowship with him in his graces, sufferings, death, resurrection, and glory:¹⁸⁷⁶¹⁸⁷⁶1 John i. 3; Eph. iii. 16–19; John i. 16; Eph. ii. 5, 6; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6; 2 Tim. ii. 12. and being united to one another in love, they have communion in each other's gifts and graces,¹⁸⁷⁷¹⁸⁷⁷Eph. iv. 15, 16; 1 Cor. xii. 7; iii. 21–23; Col. ii. 19. and are obliged to the performance of such duties, public and private, as do conduce to their mutual good, both in the inward and outward man.¹⁸⁷⁸¹⁸⁷⁸1 Thess. v. 11, 14; Rom. i. 11, 12, 14; 1 John iii. 16–18; Gal. vi. 10.	I. Sancti omnes, qui capiti suo Jesu Christo per Spiritum ejus ac per fidem uniuntur, gratiarum ejus, perpessionum, mortis, resurrectionis ac gloriæ ejus habent communionem;¹⁸⁷⁹¹⁸⁷⁹1 John i. 3; Eph. iii. 16–19; John i. 16; Eph. ii. 5, 6; Phil. iii. 10; Rom. vi. 5, 6; 2 Tim. ii. 12. atque inde etiam amore conjuncti sibimet invicem mutuam donorum suorum gratiarumque societatem quandam ineunt,¹⁸⁸⁰¹⁸⁸⁰Eph. iv. 15, 16; 1 Cor. xii. 7; iii. 21–23; Col. ii. 19. ac ad ejusmodi officia præstanda publica et privata obligantur, quæ ad mutuum eorum bonum conducant, cum quoad internum tum etiam quoad externum hominem.¹⁸⁸¹¹⁸⁸¹1 Thess. v. 11, 14; Rom. i. 11, 12, 14; 1 John iii. 16–18; Gal. vi. 10.
II. Saints, by profession, are bound to maintain an holy fellowship and communion in the worship of God, and in performing such other spiritual services as tend to their mutual edification;¹⁸⁸²¹⁸⁸²Heb. x. 24, 25; Acts ii. 42, 46; Isa. ii. 3; 1 Cor. xi. 20. as also in relieving each other in outward things, according to their several abilities and necessities.	II. Qui sanctos sese profitentur, sanctam illi societatem et communionem inire tenentur et conservare, cum in divino cultu, tum alia officia spiritualia præstando, quæ ad mutuam eorum ædificationem conferre possint;¹⁸⁸³¹⁸⁸³Heb. x. 24, 25; Acts ii. 42, 46; Isa. ii. 3; 1 Cor. xi. 20. Quin etiam porro sublevando se mutuo in rebus externis, pro ratione cujusque vel facultatum

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Chapter XXVII.	Cap. XXVII.
Which communion, as God offereth opportunity, is to be extended unto all those who, in every place, call upon the name of the Lord Jesus.¹⁸⁸⁴¹⁸⁸⁴Acts ii. 44, 45; 1 John iii. 17; 2 Cor. chaps. viii. and ix.; Acts xi. 29, 30.	vel indigentiæ. Quæ quidem communio, prout opportunitatem Deus obtulerit, est ad eos omnes, qui ubivis locorum Domini Jesu nomen invocant, extendenda.¹⁸⁸⁵¹⁸⁸⁵Acts ii. 44, 45; 1 John iii. 17; 2 Cor. chaps. viii. and ix.; Acts xi. 29, 30.
III. This communion which the saints have with Christ, doth not make them in anywise partakers of the substance of his Godhead, or to be equal with Christ in any respect: either of which to affirm is impious and blasphemous.¹⁸⁸⁶¹⁸⁸⁶Col. i. 18, 19; 1 Cor. viii. 6; Isa. xlii. 8; 1 Tim. vi. 15, 16; Psa. xlv. 7 with Heb. i. 8, 9. Nor doth their communion one with another, as saints, take away or infringe the title or propriety¹⁸⁸⁷¹⁸⁸⁷[Am. ed. property.] which each man hath in his goods and possessions.¹⁸⁸⁸¹⁸⁸⁸Exod. xx. 15; Eph. iv. 28; Acts v. 4.	III. Hæc autem communio qua sancti cum Christo potiuntur, eos substantiæ Deitatis ejus neutiquam reddit participes, nec ullo respectu æquales Christo: Quorum utrumvis affirmare impium est ac blasphemum;¹⁸⁸⁹¹⁸⁸⁹Col. i. 18, 19; 1 Cor. viii. 6; Isa. xlii. 8; 1 Tim. vi. 15, 16; Psa. xlv. 7 with Heb. i. 8, 9. neque sane communio illa, quæ iis secum mutuo quatenus sanctis intercedit; cujusquam ad bona et possessiones suas jus privatum vel tollit vel imminuit.¹⁸⁹⁰¹⁸⁹⁰Exod. xx. 15; Eph. iv. 28; Acts v. 4.
Of the Sacraments.	De Sacramentis.
I. Sacraments are holy signs and seals of the covenant of grace,¹⁸⁹¹¹⁸⁹¹Rom. iv. 11; Gen. xvii. 7, 10. immediately instituted by God,¹⁸⁹²¹⁸⁹²Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23. to represent Christ and his benefits, and to confirm our interest in him:¹⁸⁹³¹⁸⁹³1 Cor. x. 16; xi. 25, 26; Gal. iii. 27. as also to put a visible difference between those that belong unto the Church and the rest of the world;¹⁸⁹⁴¹⁸⁹⁴Rom. xv. 8; Exod. xii. 48; Gen. xxxiv. 14; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 21]. and solemnly to engage them to the service of God in Christ, according to his Word.¹⁸⁹⁵¹⁸⁹⁵Rom. vi. 3, 4; 1 Cor. x. 16, 21.	I. Sacramenta sunt fœderis gratiæ signa sacra et sigilla,¹⁸⁹⁶¹⁸⁹⁶Rom. iv. 11; Gen. xvii. 7, 10. immediate a Deo instituta,¹⁸⁹⁷¹⁸⁹⁷Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 23. ad Christum ejusque beneficia repræsentandum, ad jus nostrum in illo confirmandum,¹⁸⁹⁸¹⁸⁹⁸1 Cor. x. 16; xi. 25, 26; Gal. iii. 27. prout etiam ad illos qui Ecclesiam spectant a reliquis illis qui sunt e mundo, visibili discrimine separandum,¹⁸⁹⁹¹⁸⁹⁹Rom. xv. 8; Exod. xii. 48; Gen. xxxiv. 14; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 21]. utque ii solenniter devinciantur ad obedientiam et cultum Deo in Christo juxta verbum ejus exhibendum.¹⁹⁰⁰¹⁹⁰⁰Rom. vi. 3, 4; 1 Cor. x. 16, 21.
II. There is in every sacrament	II. In Sacramento quolibet est inter

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Chapter XXVIII.	Cap. XXVIII.
a spiritual relation or sacramental union, between the sign and the thing signified; whence it comes to pass that the names and the¹⁹⁰¹¹⁹⁰¹Am. ed. omits the. effects of the one are attributed to the other.¹⁹⁰²¹⁹⁰²Gen. xvii. 10; Matt. xxvi. 27, 28; Tit. iii. 5.	signum et rem significatam relatio quædam spiritualis, sive Sacramentalis unio; unde fit ut alterius nomina et effectus alteri quandoque tribuantur.¹⁹⁰³¹⁹⁰³Gen. xvii. 10; Matt. xxvi. 27, 28; Tit. iii. 5.
III. The grace which is exhibited in or by the sacraments, rightly used, is not conferred by any power in them; neither doth the efficacy of a sacrament depend upon the piety or intention of him that doth administer it,¹⁹⁰⁴¹⁹⁰⁴Rom. ii. 28, 29; 1 Pet. iii. 21. but upon the work of the Spirit,¹⁹⁰⁵¹⁹⁰⁵Matt. iii. 11; 1 Cor. xii. 13. and the word of institution, which contains, together with a precept authorizing the use thereof, a promise of benefit to worthy receivers.¹⁹⁰⁶¹⁹⁰⁶Matt. xxvi. 27, 28; xxviii. 19, 20.	III. Quæ in Sacramentis sive per ea rite adhibita exhibetur gratia, per vim aliquam iis intrinsecam non confertur, neque ex intentione vel pietate adininistrantis pendent Sacramenti vis ac efficacia;¹⁹⁰⁷¹⁹⁰⁷Rom. ii. 28, 29; 1 Pet. iii. 21. verum ex operatione Spiritus,¹⁹⁰⁸¹⁹⁰⁸Matt. iii. 11; 1 Cor. xii. 13. ac verbo institutionis, quod complectitur cum præceptum, unde celebrandi Sacramenti potestas fit, tum etiam promissionem de beneficiis digne percipientibus exhibendis.¹⁹⁰⁹¹⁹⁰⁹Matt. xxvi. 27, 28; xxviii. 19, 20.
IV. There be only two sacraments ordained by Christ our Lord in the gospel, that is to say, Baptism and the Supper of the Lord: neither of which may be dispensed by any but by a minister of the Word lawfully ordained.¹⁹¹⁰¹⁹¹⁰Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 20, 23; iv. 1; Heb. v. 4.	IV. Sacramenta duo tantum sunt a Christo Domino nostro in Evangelio instituta, Baptismus scilicet, et cœna Domini; quorum neutrum de debet nisi a ministro verbi legitime ordinato dispensari.¹⁹¹¹¹⁹¹¹Matt. xxviii. 19; 1 Cor. xi. 20, 23; iv. 1; Heb. v. 4.
V. The sacraments of the Old Testament, in regard of the spiritual things thereby signified and exhibited, were, for substance, the same with those of the New.¹⁹¹²¹⁹¹²1 Cor. x. 1–4; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. v. 7, 8].	V. Sacramenta Veteris Testamenti si res spirituales per ea significatas exhibitasque respiciamus, quoad substantiam eadem fuere cum his sub Novo.¹⁹¹³¹⁹¹³1 Cor. x. 1–4; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. v. 7, 8].
Of Baptism.	De Baptismo.
I. Baptism is a sacrament of the	I. Baptismus est sacramentum

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New Testament, ordained by Jesus Christ,¹⁹¹⁴¹⁹¹⁴Matt. xxviii. 19; [Am. ed. Mark xvi. 16]. not only for the solemn admission of the party baptized into the visible Church,¹⁹¹⁵¹⁹¹⁵1 Cor. xii. 13; [Am. ed. Gal. iii. 27, 28]. but also to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace¹⁹¹⁶¹⁹¹⁶Rom. iv. 11 with Col. ii. 11, 12., of his ingrafting into Christ,¹⁹¹⁷¹⁹¹⁷Gal. iii. 27; Rom. vi. 5. of regeneration,¹⁹¹⁸¹⁹¹⁸Tit. iii. 5. of remission of sins,¹⁹¹⁹¹⁹¹⁹Mark i. 4; [Am. ed. Acts ii. 38; xxii. 16]. and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in newness of life:¹⁹²⁰¹⁹²⁰Rom. vi. 3, 4. which sacrament is, by Christ's own appointment, to be continued in his Church until the end of the world.¹⁹²¹¹⁹²¹Matt. xxviii. 19, 20.	Novi Testamenti, a Jesu Christo institutum,¹⁹²²¹⁹²²Matt. xxviii. 19; [Am. ed. Mark xvi. 16]. non solum propter solennem personæ baptizatæ in Ecclesiam visibilem admissionem,¹⁹²³¹⁹²³1 Cor. xii. 13; [Am. ed. Gal. iii. 27, 28]. verum etiam ut signum eidem sit, et sigillum cum fœderis gratiæ,¹⁹²⁴¹⁹²⁴Rom. iv. 11 with Col. ii. 11, 12. tum suæ in Christum insitionis,¹⁹²⁵¹⁹²⁵Gal. iii. 27; Rom. vi. 5. regenerationis,¹⁹²⁶¹⁹²⁶Tit. iii. 5. remissionis peccatorum,¹⁹²⁷¹⁹²⁷Mark i. 4; [Am. ed. Acts ii. 38; xxii. 16]. ac sui ipsius Deo per Christum dedicationis, ad ambulandum in vitæ novitate.¹⁹²⁸¹⁹²⁸Rom. vi. 3, 4. Quod quidem Sacramentum e Christi ipsius mandato est in Ecclesia ejus ad finem usque mundi retinendum.¹⁹²⁹¹⁹²⁹Matt. xxviii. 19, 20.
II. The outward element to be used in this sacrament is water, wherewith the party is to be baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, by a minister of the gospel lawfully called thereunto.¹⁹³⁰¹⁹³⁰Matt. iii. 11; John i. 33; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; [Am. ed. Acts x. 47; viii. 36, 38].	II. Elementum externum in hoc Sacramento adhibendum est Aqua; qua baptizari debet admittendus, a ministro Evangelii legitime ad hoc vocato, in nomine Patris et filii et Spiritus Sancti.¹⁹³¹¹⁹³¹Matt. iii. 11; John i. 33; Matt. xxviii. 19, 20; [Am. ed. Acts x. 47; viii. 36, 38].
III. Dipping of the person into the water is not necessary; but baptism is rightly administered by pouring or sprinkling water upon the person.¹⁹³²¹⁹³²Heb. ix. 10, 19–22; Acts ii. 41; xvi. 33; Mark vii. 4.	III. Baptizandi in aquam immersio necessaria non est; verum baptismus rite administratur aqua superfusa vel etiam inspersa baptizando.¹⁹³³¹⁹³³Heb. ix. 10, 19–22; Acts ii. 41; xvi. 33; Mark vii. 4.
IV. Not only those that do actually profess faith in and obedience unto Christ,¹⁹³⁴¹⁹³⁴Mark xvi. 15, 16; Acts viii. 37, 38. but also the infants	IV. Non illi solum qui fidem in Christum eique se obedientes fore actu quidem profitentur,¹⁹³⁵¹⁹³⁵Mark xvi. 15, 16; Acts viii. 37, 38. verum

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Chapter XXIX.	Cap. XXIX.
of one or both believing parents are to be baptized.¹⁹³⁶¹⁹³⁶Gen. xvii. 7, 9, with Gal. iii. 9, 14, and Col. ii. 11, 12, and Acts ii. 38, 39, and Rom. iv. 11, 12; 1 Cor. vii. 14; Matt. xxviii. 19; Mark x. 13–16; Luke xviii. 15; [Am. ed. Acts xvi. 14, 15, 33].	etiam infantes qui a Parente vel altero vel utroque fideli procreantur, sunt baptizandi.¹⁹³⁷¹⁹³⁷Gen. xvii. 7, 9, with Gal. iii. 9, 14, and Col. ii. 11, 12, and Acts ii. 38, 39, and Rom. iv. 11, 12; 1 Cor. vii. 14; Matt. xxviii. 19; Mark x. 13–16; Luke xviii. 15; [Am. ed. Acts xvi. 14, 15, 33].
V. Although it be a great sin to contemn or neglect this ordinance,¹⁹³⁸¹⁹³⁸Luke vii. 30 with Exod. iv. 24–26. yet grace and salvation are not so inseparably annexed unto it, as that no person can be regenerated or saved without it,¹⁹³⁹¹⁹³⁹Rom. iv. 11; Acts x. 2, 4, 22, 31, 45, 47. or that all that are baptized are undoubtedly regenerated.¹⁹⁴⁰¹⁹⁴⁰Acts viii. 13, 23.	V. Quamvis grave peccatum sit institutum hoc despicatui habere vel negligere;¹⁹⁴¹¹⁹⁴¹Luke vii. 30 with Exod. iv. 24–26. non tamen ei salus et gratia ita individue annectuntur, ut absque illo nemo unquam regenerari aut salvari possit,¹⁹⁴²¹⁹⁴²Rom. iv. 11; Acts x. 2, 4, 22, 31, 45, 47. aut quasi indubium omnino sit regenerari omnes qui baptizantur.¹⁹⁴³¹⁹⁴³Acts viii. 13, 23.
VI. The efficacy of baptism is not tied to that moment of time wherein it is administered;¹⁹⁴⁴¹⁹⁴⁴John iii. 5, 8. yet, notwithstanding, by the right use of this ordinance the grace promised is not only offered, but really exhibited and conferred by the Holy Ghost, to such (whether of age or infants) as that grace belongeth unto, according to the counsel of God's own will, in his appointed time.¹⁹⁴⁵¹⁹⁴⁵Gal. iii. 27; Tit. iii. 5; Eph. v. 25, 26; Acts ii. 38, 41.	VI. Baptismi efficacia ei temporis momento quo administratur non adstringitur.¹⁹⁴⁶¹⁹⁴⁶John iii. 5, 8. Nihilominus tamen, usu debito hujus instituti non offertur solum promissa gratia, verum etiam omnibus (tam infantibus quam adultis) ad quos gratia illa e consilio Divinæ voluntatis pertinet, per Spiritum Sanctum in tempore suo constituto realiter confertur et exhibetur.¹⁹⁴⁷¹⁹⁴⁷Gal. iii. 27; Tit. iii. 5; Eph. v. 25, 26; Acts ii. 38, 41.
VII. The sacrament of baptism is but once to be administered to any person.¹⁹⁴⁸¹⁹⁴⁸Tit. iii. 5.	VII. Sacramentum Baptismi eidem personæ non est nisi semel administrandum.¹⁹⁴⁹¹⁹⁴⁹Tit. iii. 5.
Of the Lord's Supper.	De Cœna Domini.
I. Our Lord Jesus, in the night wherein he was betrayed, instituted	I. Dominus noster Jesus eadem qua prodebatur nocte instituit corporis

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the sacrament of his body and blood, called the Lord's Supper, to be observed in his Church, unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance of the sacrifice of himself in his death, the sealing all benefits thereof unto true believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in him, their further engagement in, and to all duties which they owe unto him; and to be a bond and pledge of their communion with him, and with each other, as members of his mystical body.¹⁹⁵⁰¹⁹⁵⁰1 Cor. xi. 23–26; x. 16, 17, 21; xii. 13.

et sanguinis sui sacramentum, Cœnam Domini quam dicimus, in Ecclesia sua ad finem usque mundi celebrandum, in perpetuam memoriam sacrificii sui ipsius in morte sua oblati, et ad beneficia istius omnia vere fidelibus obsignandum; in eorum item alimentum ac incrementum in Christo spirituale; quoque ad officia cuncta præstanda, prius quidem illi debita, arctiori adhuc nodo tenerentur; ut vinculum denique ac pignus foret communionis illius quæ iis cum Christo et secum ipsis mutuo, tanquam corporis ipsius mystici membris, intercedit.¹⁹⁵¹¹⁹⁵¹1 Cor. xi. 23–26; x. 16, 17, 21; xii. 13.

II. In this sacrament Christ is not offered up to his Father, nor any real sacrifice made at all for remission of sins of the quick or dead,¹⁹⁵²¹⁹⁵²Heb. ix. 22, 25, 26, 28. but only a commemoration of that one offering up of himself, by himself, upon the cross, once for all, and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God for the same;¹⁹⁵³¹⁹⁵³1 Cor. xi. 24–26; Matt. xxvi. 26, 27; [Am. ed. Luke xxii. 19, 20]. so that the Popish sacrifice of the mass, as they call it, is most abominably injurious to Christ's one only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of the elect.¹⁹⁵⁴¹⁹⁵⁴Heb. vii. 23, 24, 27; x. 11, 12, 14, 18.

II. In hoc Sacramento non Patri suo offertur Christus, sed neque inibi fit reale aliquod sacrificium ad peccatorum remissionem vivis aut mortuis procurandam;¹⁹⁵⁵¹⁹⁵⁵Heb. ix. 22, 25, 26, 28. verum unicæ istius oblationis, qua Christus semet ipsum ipse in cruce, et quidem omnino semel obtulit, commemoratio solum; una cum spirituali propterea laudis omnimodæ Deo redditæ oblatione.¹⁹⁵⁶¹⁹⁵⁶1 Cor. xi. 24–26; Matt. xxvi. 26, 27; [Am. ed. Luke xxii. 19, 20]. Unde Pontificiorum istud sacrificium Missæ (uti loqui amant) plane detestandum sit oportet, utpote maxime injuriam uni illi unicoque Christi sacrificio, quod quidem unica est pro peccatis electorum universus propitiatio.¹⁹⁵⁷¹⁹⁵⁷Heb. vii. 23, 24, 27; x. 11, 12, 14, 18.

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III. The Lord Jesus hath, in this ordinance, appointed his ministers to declare his word of institution to the people, to pray, and bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants;¹⁹⁵⁸¹⁹⁵⁸Matt. xxvi. 26–28, and Mark xiv. 22–24, and Luke xxii. 19, 20, with 1 Cor. xi. 23–27. but to none who are not then present in the congregation.¹⁹⁵⁹¹⁹⁵⁹Acts xx. 7; 1 Cor. xi. 20.	III. In hoc suo instituto præcepit Dominus Jesus Ministris suis, verbum institutionis populo declarare, orare, ac elementis pani scilicet ac vino benedicere, eaque hac ratione a communi ad sacrum usum separare, quinetiam panem accipere et frangere; poculum item in manus accipere; atque {communicantibus una ipsis) utrumque communicantibus exhibere,¹⁹⁶⁰¹⁹⁶⁰Matt. xxvi. 26–28, and Mark xiv. 22–24, and Luke xxii. 19, 20, with 1 Cor. xi. 23–27. nemini autem a congregatione tunc absenti.¹⁹⁶¹¹⁹⁶¹Acts xx. 7; 1 Cor. xi. 20.
IV. Private masses, or receiving this sacrament by a priest, or any other, alone;¹⁹⁶²¹⁹⁶²1 Cor. x. 6. as likewise the denial of the cup to the people;¹⁹⁶³¹⁹⁶³Mark iv. 23; 1 Cor. xi. 25–29. worshiping the elements, the lifting them up, or carrying them about for adoration, and the reserving them for any pretended religious use, are all contrary to the nature of this sacrament, and to the institution of Christ.¹⁹⁶⁴¹⁹⁶⁴Matt. xv. 9.	IV. Missæ privatæ, sive perceptio hujusce Sacramenti a solo vel Sacerdote vel alio quovis;¹⁹⁶⁵¹⁹⁶⁵1 Cor. x. 6. prout etiam poculi a populo detensio,¹⁹⁶⁶¹⁹⁶⁶Mark iv. 23; 1 Cor. xi. 25–29. elementorum adoratio, quoque adorentur elevatio aut circumgestatio, ut et prætextu religiosi usus cujuscunque asservatio, sunt quidem omnia tum hujusce Sacramenti naturæ tum Christi institutioni plane contraria.¹⁹⁶⁷¹⁹⁶⁷Matt. xv. 9.
V. The outward elements in this sacrament, duly set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such relation to him crucified, as that truly, yet sacramentally only, they are sometimes called by the name of the things they represent, to wit, the body and blood of Christ;¹⁹⁶⁸¹⁹⁶⁸Matt. xxvi. 26–28. albeit, in substance and nature, they still	V. In hoc Sacramento externa elementa ad usus a Christo institutos rite separata, ita ad eum crucifixum referuntur ut rerum quas repræsentat nominibus (corporis nempe ac sanguinis Christi) vere quidem, at Sacramentaliter tantum, sint nuncupata,¹⁹⁶⁹¹⁹⁶⁹Matt. xxvi. 26–28. manent siquidem adhuc quoad substantiam et naturam vere solumque

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remain truly, and only, bread and wine, as they were before.¹⁹⁷⁰¹⁹⁷⁰1 Cor. xi. 26–28; Matt. xxvi. 29.	panis ac vinum nihilo minus quam antea fuerant.¹⁹⁷¹¹⁹⁷¹1 Cor. xi. 26–28; Matt. xxvi. 29.
VI. That doctrine which maintains a change of the substance of bread and wine, into the substance of Christ's body and blood (commonly called transubstantiation) by consecration of a priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to Scripture alone, but even to common-sense and reason; overthroweth the nature of the sacrament; and hath been, and is the cause of manifold superstitions, yea, of gross idolatries.¹⁹⁷²¹⁹⁷²Acts iii. 21 with 1 Cor. xi. 24–26; Luke xxiv. 6, 39.	VI. Doctrina illa quæ substantiæ panis ac vini in substantiam corporis et sanguinis Christi conversionem (transubstantiatio vulgo dicitur) sive illam per Sacerdotis consecrationem, sive quomodocunque demum fieri statuit, non scripturæ solum, verum etiam communi omnium sensui ac rationi adversatur, sacramenti naturam evertit, superstitionis multifariæ causa extitit atque etiamnum existit, imo vero et crassissimæ idololatriæ.¹⁹⁷³¹⁹⁷³Acts iii. 21 with 1 Cor. xi. 24–26; Luke xxiv. 6, 39.
VII. Worthy receivers, outwardly partaking of the visible elements in this sacrament,¹⁹⁷⁴¹⁹⁷⁴1 Cor. xi. 28; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. v. 7, 8]. do then also inwardly by faith, really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporally, but spiritually, receive and feed upon Christ crucified, and all benefits of his death: the body and blood of Christ being then not corporally or carnally in, with, or under the bread and wine; yet as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the elements themselves are, to their outward senses.¹⁹⁷⁵¹⁹⁷⁵1 Cor. x. 16; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 3, 4].	VII. Digne communicantes, Elementa in hoc Sacramento visibilia dum participant,¹⁹⁷⁶¹⁹⁷⁶1 Cor. xi. 28; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. v. 7, 8]. una cum iis interne Christum crucifixum et beneficia mortis ejus universa revera et realiter (modo, non carnali quidem aut corporeo, sed spirituali) per fidem recipiunt eisque vescuntur. Corpus siquidem et sanguis Christi non corporeo aut carnali modo in, cum, vel sub pane ac vino; realiter tamen, ac spiritualiter credentium fidei in hoc instituto, non minus quam externis sensibus elementa ipsa, sunt præsentia.¹⁹⁷⁷¹⁹⁷⁷1 Cor. x. 16; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 3, 4].
VIII. Although ignorant and wicked men receive the outward elements in this sacrament, yet	VIII. Homines improbi et ignari externa licet in hoc sacramento percipere possint elementa, rem tamen

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Chapter XXX.	Cap. XXX.
they receive not the thing signified thereby; but by their unworthy coming thereunto are guilty of the body andj blood of the Lord, to their own damnation. Wherefore all ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to enjoy communion with him, so are they unworthy of the Lord's table, and can not, without great sin against Christ, while they remain such, partake of these holy mysteries,¹⁹⁷⁸¹⁹⁷⁸1 Cor. xi. 27–29; 2 Cor. vi. 14–16; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 21]. or be admitted thereunto.¹⁹⁷⁹¹⁹⁷⁹1 Cor. v. 6, 7, 13; 2 Thess. iii. 6, 14, 15; Matt. vii. 6.	per ea significatam non recipiunt; verum indigne illuc accedendo, rei fiunt corporis ac sanguinis Dominici ad sui ipsorum condemnationem. Quapropter homines impii et ignari prout communioni cum Deo potiundæ nullatenus sunt idonei, ita prorsus indigni sunt qui accedant ad mensam Domini; neque sine gravi in Christum peccato, possunt (quamdiu tales esse non destiterint Sacra hæc mysteria participare;¹⁹⁸⁰¹⁹⁸⁰1 Cor. xi. 27–29; 2 Cor. vi. 14–16; [Am. ed. 1 Cor. x. 21]. vel ad ea participandum admitti.¹⁹⁸¹¹⁹⁸¹1 Cor. v. 6, 7, 13; 2 Thess. iii. 6, 14, 15; Matt. vii. 6.
Of Church Censures.	De Censuris Ecclesiasticis.
I. The Lord Jesus, as king and head of his Church, hath therein appointed a government in the hand of Church officers, distinct from the civil magistrate.¹⁹⁸²¹⁹⁸²Isa. ix. 6, 7; 1 Tim. v. 17; 1 Thess. v. 12; Acts xx. 17, 28; Heb. xiii. 7, 17, 24; 1 Cor. xii. 28; Matt. xxviii. 18–20; [Am. ed. Psa. ii. 6–9; John xviii. 36].	I. Dominus Jesus quatenus Rex et caput Ecclesiæ suæ constituit in ea regimen, quod in officiariorum Ecclesiasticorum manu foret, distinctum a civili Magistratu.¹⁹⁸³¹⁹⁸³Isa. ix. 6, 7; 1 Tim. v. 17; 1 Thess. v. 12; Acts xx. 17, 28; Heb. xiii. 7, 17, 24; 1 Cor. xii. 28; Matt. xxviii. 18–20; [Am. ed. Psa. ii. 6–9; John xviii. 36].
II. To these officers the keys of the kingdom of heaven are committed, by virtue whereof they have power respectively to retain and remit sins, to shut that kingdom against the impenitent, both by the Word and censures; and to open it unto penitent sinners, by the ministry of the gospel, and by absolution from censures, as occasion shall require.¹⁹⁸⁴¹⁹⁸⁴Matt. xvi. 19; xviii. 17, 18; John xx. 21–23; 2 Cor. ii. 6–8.	II. Officiariis hisce claves regni cœlorum sunt commissæ, quarum virtute obtinent potestatem peccata vel retinendi vel remittendi pro varia peccantium conditione; impœnitentibus quidem regnum illud tam per verbum quam per censuras occludendi, peccatoribus vero pœnitentibus tam evangelii ministerio quam absolutione a censuris idem aperiendi, prout occasio postulaverit.¹⁹⁸⁵¹⁹⁸⁵Matt. xvi. 19; xviii. 17, 18; John xx. 21–23; 2 Cor. ii. 6–8.

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Chapter XXXI.	Cap. XXXI.
III. Church censures are necessary for the reclaiming and gaining of offending brethren; for deterring of others from the¹⁹⁸⁶¹⁹⁸⁶[Am. ed. omits the.] like offenses; for purging out of that leaven which might infect the whole lump; for vindicating the honor of Christ, and the holy profession of the gospel; and for preventing the wrath of God, which might justly fall upon the Church, if they should suffer his covenant, and the seals thereof, to be profaned by notorious and obstinate offenders.¹⁹⁸⁷¹⁹⁸⁷1 Cor. chap. v.; 1 Tim. v. 20; Matt. vii. 6; 1 Tim. i. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 27 to the end, with Jude 23.	III. Omnino necessariæ sunt censuræ Ecclesiasticæ, lucrandis fratribus delinquentibus eisque in viam reducendis, reliquis autem a similibus delictis deterrendis, fermento illi malo, ne totam massam inficiat, expurgando; ad honorem Christi et Sanctam Evangelii professionem vindicandum, ut prævertatur denique ira Dei, quæ merito in Ecclesiam accendi posset, si ipsius fœdus, hujusque sigilla ab insigniter ac pertinaciter delinquentibus impune profanari pateretur.¹⁹⁸⁸¹⁹⁸⁸1 Cor. chap. v.; 1 Tim. v. 20; Matt. vii. 6; 1 Tim. i. 20; 1 Cor. xi. 27 to the end, with Jude 23.
IV. For the better attaining of these ends, the officers of the Church are to proceed by admonition, suspension from the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper for a season, and by excommunication from the Church, according to the nature of the crime and demerit of the person.¹⁹⁸⁹¹⁹⁸⁹1 Thess. v. 12; 2 Thess. iii. 6, 14, 15; 1 Cor. v. 4, 5, 13; Matt. xviii. 17; Tit. iii. 10.	IV. Quo melius autem hosce fines consequantur, procedere debent Ecclesiæ officiarii, admonendo, a Sacramento cœnæ Dominicæ ad tempus aliquod suspendendo, excommunicando denique ab Ecclesia, pro ratione criminis, atque personæ delinquentis merito.¹⁹⁹⁰¹⁹⁹⁰1 Thess. v. 12; 2 Thess. iii. 6, 14, 15; 1 Cor. v. 4, 5, 13; Matt. xviii. 17; Tit. iii. 10.
Of Synods and Councils.	De Synodis et Conciliis.
I. For the better government and further edification of the Church, there ought to be such assemblies as are commonly called synods or councils.¹⁹⁹¹¹⁹⁹¹Acts xv. 2, 4, 6.	I. Quo melius gubernari, ac ulterius ædificari possit Ecclesia, conventus ejusmodi fieri debent, quales vulgo Synodi et Concilia nuncupantur.¹⁹⁹²¹⁹⁹²Acts xv. 2, 4, 6.

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The American edition here adds the following:

[And it belongeth to the overseers and other rulers of the particular churches, by virtue of their office, and the power which Christ hath given them for edification, and not for destruction, to appoint such assemblies (Acts xv.); and to convene together in them, as often as they shall judge it expedient for the good of the Church (Acts xv. 22, 23, 25).]

II. As magistrates may lawfully call a synod of ministers and other fit persons to consult and advise with about matters of religion;¹⁹⁹³¹⁹⁹³Isa. xlix. 23; 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; 2 Chron. xix. 8–11; chaps. xxix., xxx.; Matt. ii. 4, 5; Prov. xi. 14. so, if magistrates be open enemies to the Church, the ministers of Christ, of themselves, by virtue of their office, or they, with other fit persons, upon delegation from their churches, may meet together in such assemblies.¹⁹⁹⁴¹⁹⁹⁴Acts xv. 2, 4, 22, 23, 25.^&¹⁹⁹⁵¹⁹⁹⁵[Am. ed. omits this whole section.]

II. Quemadmodum licitum est Magistratibus Synodum Ministrorum aliorumque qui sunt idonei convocare, quibuscum de religionis rebus deliberent ac consultent:¹⁹⁹⁶¹⁹⁹⁶Isa. xlix. 23; 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2; 2 Chron. xix. 8–11; chaps. xxix., xxx.; Matt. ii. 4, 5; Prov. xi. 14. Ita si Magistratus fuerint Ecclesiæ hostes aperti, licebit Christi ministris a seipsis virtute officii, eisve cum aliis idoneis, accepta prius ab Ecclesiis suis delegatione, in istiusmodi conventibus congregari.¹⁹⁹⁷¹⁹⁹⁷Acts xv. 2, 4, 22, 23, 25.

III. [II.] It belongeth to synods and councils, ministerially, to determine controversies of faith, and cases of conscience; to set down rules and directions for the better ordering of the public worship of God, and government of his Church; to receive complaints in cases of maladministration, and authoritatively to determine the same: which decrees and determinations, if consonant to the Word of God, are to be received with reverence and submission, not only for their agreement with the Word, but also for

III. Synodorum et Conciliorum est controversias fidei et conscientiæ casus, ministerialiter quidem, determinare; regulas ac præscripta quo melius publicus Dei cultus ejusque Ecclesiæ regimen ordinentur constituere; Querelas de mala administratione delatas admittere, deque iis authoritative decernere. Quæ quidem decreta et decisiones, modo verbo Dei consenserint, cum reverentia sunt ac summissione excipienda; Non quidem solum quod verbo Dei sint consentanea, verum etiam gratia potestatis ea constituentis, ut quæ

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Chapter XXXII.	Cap. XXXII.
the power whereby they are made, as being an ordinance of God, appointed thereunto in his Word.¹⁹⁹⁸¹⁹⁹⁸Acts xv. 15, 19, 24, 27–31; xvi. 4; Matt. xviii. 17–20.	sit ordinatio Dei id ad in verbo suo designata.¹⁹⁹⁹¹⁹⁹⁹Acts xv. 15, 19, 24, 27–31; xvi. 4; Matt. xviii. 17–20.
IV. [III.] All synods or councils since the apostles' times, whether general or particular, may err, and many have erred; therefore they are not to be made the rule of faith or practice, but to be used as a help in both.²⁰⁰⁰²⁰⁰⁰Eph. ii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; 1 Cor. ii. 5; 2 Cor. i. 24.	IV. Synodi omnes sive concilia post Apostolorum tempora, seu generales sive particulares, errori sunt obnoxiæ, quin neque paucæ erraverunt. Proindeque fidei aut praxeos norma constituendæ non sunt, verum in utrisque auxilii loco adhibendæ.²⁰⁰¹²⁰⁰¹Eph. ii. 20; Acts xvii. 11; 1 Cor. ii. 5; 2 Cor. i. 24.
V. [IV.] Synods and councils are to handle or conclude nothing but that which is ecclesiastical: and are not to intermeddle with civil affairs which concern the commonwealth, unless by way of humble petition in cases extraordinary; or by way of advice for satisfaction of conscience, if they be thereunto required by the civil magistrate.²⁰⁰²²⁰⁰²Luke xii. 13, 14; John xviii. 36.	V. Synodi et Concilia id solum quod Ecclesiam spectat tractare debent et concludere; neque civilibus negotiis, quæ rem publicam spectant ingerere se debent, nisi humiliter supplicando in casibus, si qui acciderint, extraordinariis; aut consulendo, quoties id ab eis postulat Magistratus civilis, nempe quo conscientiæ illius satisfiat.²⁰⁰³²⁰⁰³Luke xii. 13, 14; John xviii. 36.
Of the State of Men²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁴[Am. ed. has Man.] after Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead.	De statu hominum post mortem, deque resurrectione mortuorum.
I. The bodies of men, after death, return to dust, and see corruption;²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁵Gen. iii. 19; Acts xiii. 36. but their souls (which neither die nor sleep), having an immortal subsistence, immediately return to God who gave them.²⁰⁰⁶²⁰⁰⁶Luke xxiii. 43; Eccles. xii. 7. The souls of the righteous, being then made perfect in holiness, are received into the highest heavens, where they behold	I. Hominum corpora post mortem ad pulverem rediguntur, et corruptionem vident:²⁰⁰⁷²⁰⁰⁷Gen. iii. 19; Acts xiii. 36. At animæ illorum (quæ quidem nec morientur nec obdormiunt) ut quæ subsistentiam habent immortalem, ad Deum continuo earum datorem revertuntur.²⁰⁰⁸²⁰⁰⁸Luke xxiii. 43; Eccles. xii. 7. Animæ quidem Justorum iam tum perfecte sanctificatæ, cœlis supremis accipiuntur,

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Chapter XXXIII.	Cap. XXXIII.
the face of God in light and glory, waiting for the full redemption of their bodies:²⁰⁰⁹²⁰⁰⁹Heb. xii. 23; 2 Cor. v. 1, 6, 8; Phil. i. 23, with Acts iii. 21 and Eph. iv. 10; [Am. ed. 1 John iii. 2]. and the souls of the wicked are cast into hell, where they remain in torments and utter darkness, reserved to the judgment of the great day.²⁰¹⁰²⁰¹⁰Luke xvi. 23, 24; Acts i. 25; Jude 6, 7; 1 Pet. iii. 19. Besides these two places for souls separated from their bodies, the Scripture acknowledgeth none.	ubi Dei faciem in lumine ac gloria intuentur, corporum suorum plenum redemtionem expectantes:²⁰¹¹²⁰¹¹Heb. xii. 23; 2 Cor. v. 1, 6, 8; Phil. i. 23, with Acts iii. 21 and Eph. iv. 10; [Am. ed. 1 John iii. 2]. Animæ vero improborum conjiciuntur in Gehennam, ubi inter diros cruciatus in tenebris exterioribus conclusæ manent, ad judicium magni illius diei asservatæ.²⁰¹²²⁰¹²Luke xvi. 23, 24; Acts i. 25; Jude 6, 7; 1 Pet. iii. 19. Locum autem animabus a corpore solutis extra hosce duos Scriptura Sacra non agnoscit ullum.
II. At the last day, such as are found alive shall not die, but be changed;²⁰¹³²⁰¹³1 Thess. iv. 17; 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52. and all the dead shall be raised up with the self-same bodies, and none other, although with different qualities, which shall be united again to their souls forever.²⁰¹⁴²⁰¹⁴Job xix. 26, 27; 1 Cor. xv. 42–44.	II. Novissimo illo die, qui comperientur in vivis non morientur quidem sed mutabuntur;²⁰¹⁵²⁰¹⁵1 Thess. iv. 17; 1 Cor. xv. 51, 52. qui mortui fuerint resuscitabuntur omnes, ipsissimis iis corporibus quibus viventes aliquando fungebantur, ac non aliis, utut qualitate differentibus; quæ denuo animabus quæque suis æterno conjugio unientur.²⁰¹⁶²⁰¹⁶Job xix. 26, 27; 1 Cor. xv. 42–44.
III. The bodies of the unjust shall, by the power of Christ, be raised to dishonor; the bodies of the just, by his Spirit, unto honor, and be made conformable to his own glorious body.²⁰¹⁷²⁰¹⁷Acts xxiv. 15; John v. 28, 29; 1 Cor. xv. 42; Phil. iii. 21.	III. Injustorum corpora ad dedecus per potentiam Christi suscitabuntur; justorum autem corpora per spiritum ejus ad honorem, fientque hæc conformia corpori ipsius glorioso.²⁰¹⁸²⁰¹⁸Acts xxiv. 15; John v. 28, 29; 1 Cor. xv. 42; Phil. iii. 21.
Of the Last Judgment.	De ultimo judicio.
I. God hath appointed a day wherein he will judge the world in righteousness by Jesus Christ,²⁰¹⁹²⁰¹⁹Acts xvii. 31. to	I. Diem Deus designavit quo mundum in justitia judicabit per Jesum Christum;²⁰²⁰²⁰²⁰Acts xvii. 31. cui a Patre data est

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whom all power and judgment is given of the Father.²⁰²¹²⁰²¹John v. 22, 27. In which day, not only the apostate angels shall be judged,²⁰²²²⁰²²1 Cor. vi. 3; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4. but likewise all persons, that have lived upon earth, shall appear before the tribunal of Christ, to give an account of their thoughts, words, and deeds; and to receive according to what they have done in the body, whether good or evil.²⁰²³²⁰²³2 Cor. v. 10; Eccles. xii. 14; Rom. ii. 16; xiv. 10, 12; Matt. xii. 36, 37.	omnis potestas et judicium.²⁰²⁴²⁰²⁴John v. 22, 27. Quo quidem die non solum judicabuntur Angeli apostatici,²⁰²⁵²⁰²⁵1 Cor. vi. 3; Jude 6; 2 Pet. ii. 4. verum etiam omnes homines, quotquot uspiam in orbe terrarum aliquando vixerint, coram Christi tribunali comparebunt, ut cogitationum, dictorum, factorumque suorum rationem reddant, recipiantque simul juxta id quod in corpore quisque fecerit, seu bonum fuerit sive malum.²⁰²⁶²⁰²⁶2 Cor. v. 10; Eccles. xii. 14; Rom. ii. 16; xiv. 10, 12; Matt. xii. 36, 37.
II. The end of God's appointing this day, is for the manifestation of the glory of his mercy in the eternal salvation of the elect;²⁰²⁷²⁰²⁷Rom. ix. 23; Matt. xxv. 21. and of his justice in the damnation of the reprobate, who are wicked and disobedient.²⁰²⁸²⁰²⁸Rom. ii. 5, 6; 2 Thess. i. 7, 8; Rom. ix. 22. For then shall the righteous go into everlasting life, and receive that fullness of joy and refreshing which shall come from the presence of the Lord:²⁰²⁹²⁰²⁹Matt. xxv. 31–34; Acts iii. 19; 2 Thess. i. 7. but the wicked, who know not God, and obey not the gospel of Jesus Christ, shall be cast into eternal torments, and be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, and from the glory of his power.²⁰³⁰²⁰³⁰Matt. xxv. 41, 46; 2 Thess. i. 9; [Am. ed. Isa. lxvi. 24].	II. Eo autem consilio Diem hum præstituit Deus, quo nempe misericordiæ suæ constaret gloria ex æterna salute electorum, justitiæ autem e damnatione reproborum, qui improbi sunt et contumaces. Tunc enim justi introibunt in vitam æternam, recipientque plenitudinem illam gaudii ac refrigerii, quæ a præsentia Domini ventura sunt: Impii autem, qui Deum ignorant, quique Evangelio Jesu Christi non morem gerunt, in æternos cruciatus detrudentur, æternaque perditione punientur a præsentia Domini et a potentiæ ipsius gloria profligati.²⁰³¹²⁰³¹Matt. xxv. 41, 46; 2 Thess. i. 9; [Am. ed. Isa. lxvi. 24].
III. As Christ would have us to be certainly persuaded that there shall be a day of judgment, both to deter all men from sin, and for the	III. Quemadmodum Christus nobis, futurum esse aliquando diem judicii, esse velit persuasissimum; tum quo omnes a peccato absterreantur,

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greater consolation of the godly in their adversity:²⁰³²²⁰³²2 Pet. iii. 11, 14; 2 Cor. v. 10, 11; 2 Thess. i. 5–7; Luke xxi. 27, 28; Rom. viii. 23–25. so will he have that day unknown to men, that they may shake off all carnal security, and be always watchful, because they know not at what hour the Lord will come; and may be ever prepared to say, Come, Lord Jesus, come quickly.²⁰³³²⁰³³Matt. xxiv. 36, 42–44; Mark xiii. 35–37; Luke xii. 35, 36; Rev. xxii. 20. Amen.	tum ob majus piorum solatium in rebus adversis:²⁰³⁴²⁰³⁴2 Pet. iii. 11, 14; 2 Cor. v. 10, 11; 2 Thess. i. 5–7; Luke xxi. 27, 28; Rom. viii. 23–25. ita sane diem ipsum vult ab hominibus ignorari, quo securitatem omnem carnalem excutiant, et nunquam non sint vigilantes (quum qua hora venturus sit Dominus ignorant) utque semper sint parati ad dicendum Veni Domine Jesu, etiam cito veni.²⁰³⁵²⁰³⁵Matt. xxiv. 36, 42–44; Mark xiii. 35–37; Luke xii. 35, 36; Rev. xxii. 20. Amen.

Charles Herle, Prolocutor.
Cornelius Burges, Assessor.
Herbert Palmer, Assessor.
Henry Robroughe, Scriba.
Adoniram Byfield, Scriba.