Contents
Table of Contents
Book I. Of God as He Is in Himself
Chapter I. The Function of the Wise Man
Chapter II. Of the Author’s Purpose
Chapter III. That the Truths which we confess concerning God fall under two Modes or Categories
Chapter VII. That the Truth of reason is not contrary to the Truth of Christian Faith
Chapter VIII. Of the Relation of Human Reason to the first Truth of Faith
Chapter IX. The Order and Mode of Procedure in this Work
Chapter XI. Rejection of the aforesaid Opinion, and Solution of the aforesaid Reasons
Chapter XIII. Reasons in Proof of the Existence of God
Chapter XIV. That in order to a Knowledge of God we must use the Method of Negative Differentiation
Chapter XV. That God is Eternal
Chapter XVI. That in God there is no Passive Potentiality
Chapter XVIII. That in God there is no Composition
Chapter XX. That God is Incorporeal
Chapter XXI. That God is His own Essence
Chapter XXII. That in God Existence and Essence is the same
Chapter XXIII. That in God there is no Accident
Chapter XXV. That God is not in any Genus
Chapter XXVI. That God is not the formal or abstract being of all things
Chapter XXVIII. That God is Universal Perfection
Chapter XXIX. How Likeness to God may be found in Creatures
Chapter XXX. What Names can be predicated of God
Chapter XXXII. That nothing is predicated of God and other beings synonymously
Chapter XXXIV. That the things that are said God and Creatures are said analogously
Chapter XXXV. That the several Names predicated of God are not synonymous
Chapter XXXVI. That the Propositions which our Understanding forms of God are not void of meaning
Chapter XXXVIII. That God is His own Goodness
Chapter XXXIX. That in God there can be no Evil
Chapter XL. That God is the Good of all Good
Chapter XLIII. That God is Infinite
Chapter XLIV. That God has Understanding
Chapter XLV. That in God the Understanding is His very Essence
Chapter XLVI. That God understands by nothing else than by His own Essence
Chapter XLVII. That God perfectly understands Himself
Chapter XLVIII. That God primarily and essentially knows Himself alone
Chapter L. That God has a particular Knowledge of all things
Chapter LIII. How there is in God a Multitude of Objects of Understanding
Chapter LV. That God understands all things at once and together
Chapter LVI. That there is no Habitual Knowledge in God
Chapter LVII. That the Knowledge of God is not a Reasoned Knowledge
Chapter LVIII. That God does not understand by Combination and Separation of Ideas
Chapter LIX. That the Truth to be found in Propositions is not excluded from God
Chapter LXI. That God is pure Truth
Chapter LXII. That the Truth of God is the First and Sovereign Truth
Chapter LXIV. A list of things to be said concerning the Divine Knowledge
Chapter LXV. That God Knows Individual Things
Chapter LXVI. That God knows things which are not
Chapter LXVII. That God knows Individual Contingent Events
Chapter LXVIII. That God knows the Motions of the Will
Chapter LXIX. That God knows infinite things
Chapter LXX. That God knows Base and Mean Things
Chapter LXXI. That God knows Evil Things
Chapter LXXII. That God has a Will
Chapter LXXIII. That the Will of God is His Essence
Chapter LXXIV. That the Object of the Will of God in the First Place is God Himself
Chapter LXXV. That God in willing Himself wills also other things besides Himself
Chapter LXXVI. That with one and the same Act of the Will God wills Himself and all other Beings
Chapter LXXVIII. That the Divine Will reaches to the good of Individual Existences
Chapter LXXIX. That God wills things even that as yet are not
Chapter LXXX. That God of necessity wills His own Being and His own Goodness
Chapter LXXXI. That God does not of necessity love other things than Himself
Chapter LXXXII. Arguments against the aforesaid Doctrine and Solutions of the same
Chapter LXXXIII. That God wills anything else than Himself with an Hypothetical Necessity
Chapter LXXXIV. That the Will of God is not of things in themselves Impossible
Chapter LXXXV. That the Divine Will does not take away Contingency from things
Chapter LXXXVI. That Reason can be assigned for the Divine Will
Chapter LXXXVII. That nothing can be a Cause to the Divine Will
Chapter LXXXVIII. That there is a Free Will in God
Chapter LXXXIX. That there are no Passions in God
Chapter XC. That there is in God Delight and Joy
Chapter XCI. That there is Love in God.
Chapter XCII. In what sense Virtues can be posited in God
Chapter XCIII. That in God there are the Virtues which regulate Action
Chapter XCIV. That the Contemplative (Intellectual) Virtues are in God
Chapter XCV. That God cannot will Evil
Chapter XCVI. That God hates nothing
Chapter XCVII. That God is Living
Chapter XCVIII. That God is His own Life
Chapter XCIX. That the Life of God is everlasting
Chapter CI. That God Is His own Happiness
Chapter CII. That the Happiness of God is most perfect, and exceeds all other happiness
Book II. God the Origin of Creatures
Chapter I. Connexion of what follows with what has gone before.
Chapter IV. That the Philosopher and the Theologian view Creatures from Different Standpoints
Chapter V. Order of Matters to be Treated
Chapter VI. That it belongs to God to be to other Beings the Principle of Existence
Chapter VII. That there is in God Active Power
Chapter VIII. That God’s Power is His Substance
Chapter IX. That God’s Power is His Action
Chapter X. In what manner Power is said to be in God
Chapter XI. That something is predicated of God in relation to Creatures
Chapter XII. That the Relations, predicated of God in regard to Creatures, are not really in God
Chapter XIII. How the aforesaid Relations are predicated of God
Chapter XV. That God is to all things the Cause of their being
Chapter XVI. That God has brought things into being out of nothing
Chapter XVII. That Creation is not a Movement nor a Change
Chapter XVIII. Solution of Arguments against Creation
Chapter XIX. That Creation is not Successive
Chapter XXI. That it belongs to God alone to create
Chapter XXII. That God is Almighty
Chapter XXIV. That God acts by His Wisdom
Chapter XXV. In what sense some things are said to be Impossible to the Almighty
Chapter XXVI. That the Divine Understanding is not limited to certain fixed Effects
Chapter XXVIII. That God has not brought things into being in discharge of any Debt of Justice
Chapter XXX. How Absolute Necessity may have place in Creation
Chapter XXXI. That it is not necessary for Creatures to have existed from Eternity
Chapter XLI. That the Variety of Creatures does not arise from any Contrariety of Prime Agents
Chapter XLIV. That the Variety of Creatures has not arisen from Variety of Merits and Demerits
Chapter XLV. The Real Prime Cause of the Variety of Creatures.
Chapter XLVII. That Subsistent Intelligences are Voluntary Agents
Chapter XLVIII. That Subsistent Intelligences have Free Will
Chapter XLIX. That Subsistent Intelligence is not Corporeal
Chapter LIII. That in Created Subsistent Intelligences there is Actuality and Potentiality
Chapter LV. That Subsistent Intelligences are Imperishable
Chapter LVII. Plato’s Theory of the Union of the Intellectual Soul with the Body
Chapter LVIII. That Vegetative, Sentient, and Intelligent are not in man Three Souls
Chapter LIX. That the Potential Intellect of Man is not a Spirit subsisting apart from Matter
Chapter LXI. That the aforesaid Tenet is contrary to the Mind of Aristotle
Chapter LXII. Against the Opinion of Alexander concerning the Potential Intellect
Chapter LXIV. That the Soul is not a Harmony
Chapter LXV. That the Soul is not a Body
Chapter LXVI. Against those who suppose Intellect and Sense to be the same
Chapter LXVII. Against those who maintain that the Potential Intellect is the Phantasy
Chapter LXVIII. How a Subsistent Intelligence may be the Form of a Body
Chapter LXXIII. That the Potential Intellect is not One and the Same in all Men
Chapter LXXV. Confutation of the Arguments which seem to prove the Unity of the Potential Intellect
Chapter LXXIX. That the Human Soul does not Perish with the Body
Chapter LXXXII. That the Souls of Dumb Animals are not Immortal
Chapter LXXXV. That the Soul is not of the substance of God
Chapter LXXXVI. That the Human Soul is not transmitted by Generation
Chapter LXXXVII. That the Human Soul is brought into Being by a Creative Act of God
Chapter XCI. That there are Subsistent Intelligences not united with Bodies
Chapter XCIII. That Intelligences subsisting apart are not more than one in the same Species
Chapter XCIV. That an Intelligence subsisting apart and a Soul are not of one Species
Chapter XCVII. That the Mind of an Intelligence subsisting apart is ever in the act of understanding
Chapter Chapter XCVIII. How one separately subsisting Intelligence knows another
Chapter C. That Intelligences subsisting apart know Individual Things
Book III. God the End of Creatures
Chapter I. Preface to the Book that Follows
Chapter II. That every Agent acts to some End
Chapter III. That every Agent acts to some Good
Chapter IV. That Evil in things is beside the Intention of the Agent
Chapters V, VI. Arguments against the Truth of the Conclusion last drawn, with Solutions of the Same
Chapter VII. That Evil is not a Nature or Essence
Chapters VIII, IX. Arguments against the aforsesaid Conclusion, with Answers to the same
Chapter X. That the Cause of Evil is good
Chapter XI. That Evil is founded in some Good
Chapter XII. That Evil does not entirely swallow up Good
Chapter XIV. That Evil is an Accidental Cause
Chapter XV. That there is not any Sovereign Evil, acting as the Principle of All Evils
Chapter XVI. That the End in View of everything is some Good
Chapter XVII. That all Things are ordained to one End, which is God
Chapter XVIII. How God is the End of all Things
Chapter XX. How Things copy the Divine Goodness
Chapter XXI. That Things aim at Likeness to God in being Causes of other Things
Chapter XXIV. That all Things seek good, even Things devoid of Consciousness
Chapter XXV. That the End of every Subsistent Intelligence is to understand God
Chapter XXVI. That Happiness does not consist in any Act of the Will
Chapter XXVII. That the Happiness of Man does not consist in Bodily Pleasures
Chapter XXVIII, XXIX. That Happiness does not consist in Honours nor in Human Glory
Chapter XXX. That Man’s Happiness does not consist in Riches
Chapter XXXI. That Happiness does not consist in Worldly Power
Chapter XXXII. That Happiness does not consist in the Goods of the Body
Chapter XXXIV. That the Final Happiness Man does not consist in Acts of the Moral Virtues
Chapter XXXVII. That the Final Happiness of Man consists in the Contemplation of God
Chapter XL. That Happiness does not consist in the Knowledge of God by Faith
Chapter XLVI. That the Soul in this life does not understand itself by itself
Chapter XLVII. That we cannot in this life see God as He essentially is
Chapter XLVIII. That the Final Happiness of Man is not in this Life
Chapter LI. How God is seen as He essentially is
Chapter LIV. Arguments against the aforesaid statements, and their Solutions
Chapter LV. That the Created Intelligence does not comprehend the Divine Substance
Chapter LVI. That no Created Intelligence in seeing God sees all things that can be seen in Him
Chapter LVII. That every Intelligence of every grade can be partaker of the vision of God
Chapter LVIII. That one may see God more perfectly than another
Chapter LIX. How they who see the Divine Substance see all things
Chapter LX. That they who see God see all things in Him at once
Chapter LXI. That by the Sight of God one is Partaker of Life Everlasting
Chapter LXII. That they who see God will see Him for ever
Chapter LXIII. How in that Final Happiness every Desire of Man is fulfilled
Chapter LXIV. That God governs things by His Providence
Chapter LXV. That God preserves things in being
Chapter LXVI. That nothing gives Being except in as much as it acts in the Power of God
Chapter LXVII. That God is the Cause of Activity in all Active Agents
Chapter LVIII. That God is everywhere and in all things
Chapter LVIX. Of the Opinion of those who withdraw from Natural Things their Proper Actions
LXX. How the Same Effect is from God and from a Natural Agent
Chapter LXXII. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with an element of Contingency in Creation
Chapter LXXIII. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with Freedom of the Will
Chapter LXXIV. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with Fortune and Chance
Chapter LXXV. That the Providence of God is exercised over Individual and Contingent Things
Chapter LXXVI. That the Providence of God watches immediately over all Individual Things
Chapter LXXXI. Of the Subordination of Men one to another
Chapter XC. That Human Choices and Volitions are subject to Divine Providence
Chapter XCI. How Human Things are reduced to Higher Causes
Chapter XCII. In what sense one is said to be Fortunate, and how Man is aided by Higher Causes
Chapter XCIII. Of Fate, whether there be such a thing, and if so, what it is
Chapter XCIV. Of the Certainty of Divine Providence
Chapter XCV, XCVI. That the Immutability of Divine Providence does not bar the Utility of Prayer
Chapter XCVI. That God does not hear all Prayers
Chapter XCVII. How the Arrangements of Providence follow a Plan
Chapter C. That the things which God does beyond the Order of Nature are not contrary to Nature
Chapter CII. That God alone works Miracles
Chapter CIV. That the Works of Magicians are not due solely to the Influence of the Heavenly Spheres
Chapter CV. Whence the performances of Magicians derive their Efficacy
Chapte CVII. That the Subsistent Intelligence, whose aid is employed in Magic, is not Evil by Nature
Chapter CIX. That in Spirits there may be Sin, and how
Chapter CXIV. That it was necessary for a Law to be given to Man by God
Chapter CXV. That the main purpose of the Divine Law is to subordinate Man to God
Chapter CXVI. That the End of the Divine Law is the Love of God
Chapter CXVIII. That by Divine Law men are obliged to a Right Faith
Chapter CXIX. That by certain Sensible Rites our mind is directed to God
Chapter CXX. That the Worship of Latria is to be paid to God alone
Chapter CXXI. That the Divine Law directs man to a Rational Use of Corporeal and Sensible Things
Chapter CXXIII. That Marriage ought to be Indissoluble
Chapter CXXIV. That Marriage ought to be between one Man and one Woman
Chapter CXXV. That Marriage ought not to take place between Kindred
Chapter CXXVI. That not all Sexual Intercourse is Sin
Chapter CXXVII. That of no Food is the Use Sinful in itself
Chapter CXXVIII. How the Law of God relates a man to his Neighbour
Chapter CXXX. That the Divine Government of Men is after the manner of Paternal Government
Chapter CXXXI. Of the Counsels that are given in the Divine Law
Chapters CXXXII, CXXXV. Arguments against Voluntary Poverty, with Replies
Chapters CXXXIII, CXXXVI. Of various Modes of Living adopted by the Votaries of Voluntary Poverty
Chapter CXXXIV. In what the Good of Poverty consists
Chapter CXXXVII. Arguments against Perpetual Continence, with Replies
Chapter CXXXIX. Against those who find fault with Vows
Chapter CXL. That neither all Good Works nor all Sins are Equal
Chapter CXLI. That a Man’s Acts are punished or rewarded by God
Chapter CXLII. Of the Difference and Order of Punishments
Chapter CXLIII. That not all Punishments nor all Rewards are Equal
Chapter CXLV. That the Punishment whereby one is deprived of his Last End is Interminable
Chapter CXLVI. That Sins are punished also by the experience of something Painful
Chapter CXLVII. That it is Lawful for judges to inflict Punishments
Chapter CXLVIII. That Man stands in need of Divine Grace for the Gaining of Happiness
Chapter CXLIX. That the Divine Assistance does not compel a Man to Virtue
Chapter CL. That Man cannot Merit beforehand the said Assistance
Chapter CLII. That the Grace which constitutes the State of Grace causes in us the Love of God
Chapter CLIII. That Divine Grace causes in us Faith
Chapter CLIV. That Divine Grace causes in us a Hope of future Blessedness
Chapter CLV. Of Graces given gratuitously
Chapter CLVI.That Man needs the Assistance of Divine Grace to persevere in Good
Chapter CLVII. That he who falls from Grace by Sin may be recovered again by Grace
Chapter CLVIII. That Man cannot be delivered from Sin except by Grace
Chapter CLIX. How Man is delivered from Sin
Chapter CLXI. That a Man already in Mortal Sin cannot avoid more Mortal Sin without Grace
Chapter CLXII. That some Men God delivers from Sin, and some He leaves in Sin
Chapter CLXIII. That God is Cause of Sin to no Man
Chapter CLXIV. Of Predestination, Reprobation, and Divine Election
Book IV. Of God in His Revelation
Chapter II. Of Generation, Paternity, and Sonship in God
Chapter III. That the Son of God is God
Chapters IV, IX. The Opinion of Photinus touching the Son of God, and its rejection
Chapter V. Rejection of the Opinion of Sabellius concerning the Son of God
Chapter VI. Of the Opinion of Arius concerning the Son of God
Chapter VII. Rejection of Arius’s Position
Chapter VIII. Explanation of the Texts which Arius used to allege for himself
Chapter 12. How the Son of God is called the Wisdom of God
Chapter XVII. That the Holy Ghost is true God
Chapter XVIII. That the Holy Ghost is a Subsistent Person
Chapter XXIII. Replies to Arguments alleged against the Divinity of the Holy Ghost
Chapter XXIV. That the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son
Chapter XXVI. That there are only Three Persons in the Godhead, Father and Son and Holy Ghost
Chapter XXVII. Of the Incarnation of the Word according to the Tradition of Holy Scripture
Chapter XXVIII. Of the Error of Photinus concerning the Incarnation
Chapter XXIX. Of the Error of the Manicheans concerning the Incarnation
Chapters XXXII, XXXIII. Of the Error of Arius and Apollinaris concerning the Soul of Christ
Chapter XXXIV. Of the Error of Theodore of Mopsuestia concerning the Union of the Word with Man
Chapter XXXV. Against the Error of Eutyches
Chapter XXXIX. The Doctrine of Catholic Faith concerning the Incarnation
Chapter XLI. Some further Elucidation of the Incarnation
Chapter XL, XLIX. Objections against the Faith of the Incarnation, with Replies
Chapter XLV. That Christ was born of a Virgin without prejudice to His true and natural Humanity
Chapters XLVI, XLVII. That Christ was conceived by the Holy Ghost
Chapter LIV. Of the Incarnation as part of the Fitness of Things
Chapter LV. Points of Reply to Difficulties touching the Economy of the Incarnation
Chapter L. That Original Sin is transmitted from our First Parent to his Posterity
Chapter LI, LII. Arguments against Original Sin, with Replies
Chapter LVI. Of the Need of Sacraments
Chapter LVII. Of the Difference between the Sacraments of the Old and of the New Law
Chapter LVIII. Of the Number of the Sacraments of the New Law
Chapter LXIII. Of the Conversion of Bread into the Body of Christ
Chapter LXIV. An Answer to Difficulties raised in respect of Place
Chapter LXV. The Difficulty of the Accidents remaining
Chapter LXVI. What happens when the Sacramental Species pass away
Chapter LXVII. Answer to the Difficulty raised in respect of the Breaking of the Host
Chapter LXVIII. The Explanation of a Text
Chapter LXX. That it is possible for a man to sin after receiving Sacramental Grace
Chapter LXXI. That a man who sins after the Grace of the Sacraments may be converted to Grace
Chapter LXXII. Of the need of the Sacrament of Penance, and of the Parts thereof
Chapter LXXIII. Of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction
Chapter LXXIV. Of the Sacrament of Order
Chapter LXXV. Of the Distinction of Orders
Chapter LXXVI. Of the Episcopal Dignity, and that therein one Bishop is Supreme
Chapter LXXVII. That Sacraments can be administered even by Wicked Ministers
Chapter LXXVIII. Of the Sacrament of Matrimony
Chapter LXXIX. That through Christ the Resurrection of our Bodies will take place
Chapter LXXXI. Some Points of Reply to Difficulties on the Resurrection
Chapter LXXXII. That Men shall rise again Immortal
Chapter LXXXIII. hat in the Resurrection there will be no use of Food or Intercourse of the Sexes
Chaptr LXXXIV. That Risen Bodies shall be of the same Nature as before
Chapter LXXXV. That the Bodies of the Risen shall be otherwise organised than before
Chapter LXXXVI. Of the Qualities of Glorified Bodies
Chapter LXXXVIII. Of Sex and Age in the Resurrection
Chapter LXXXIX. Of the quality of Risen Bodies in the Lost
Chapter XCII. That the Souls of the Saints after Death have their Will immutably fixed on Good
Chapter XCIII. That the Souls of the Wicked after Death have their Will immutably fixed on Evil
Chapter XCIV. Of the Immutability of the Will of Souls detained in Purgatory
Chapter XCV. Of the General Cause of Immutability in all Souls after their Separation from the Body
Chapter CXVI. Of the Last Judgement
Chapter XCVII. Of the State of the World after the Judgement