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Gillett, from 1888 (apologetics), Melanchthon W. Jacobus (q.v.), from 1891 (New Testament), Edwin K. Mitchell, from 1892 (early church history), Alexander R. Merriam (q.v.), from 1892 (homiletics and sociology), Lewis B. Paton (q.v.), from 1892 (OldTestament literature), Duncan B. Macdonald (q.v.), from 1892 (Semitic languages), Edward E. Nourse (q.v.), from 1895 (Biblical theology), and Curtis M. Geer, from 1900 (history).

6. Oberlin: Oberlin Theological Seminary is the post-graduate department of Oberlin College, the term " College " being used to cover all the work of the various departments of the institution. It is located in Oberlin, Lorain Co., O., and was founded in 1833 by the first settlers of the town, who proposed to found at the same time both a town and a college. The college, including the theological seminary, has never had organic connection with any ecclesiastical organization, although during most of its history it has been associated more largely with Congregationalists than with the members of any other denomination. The purpose of its founders was to establish a Christian institution for the evangelization of the Mississippi Valley and the regions beyond, and the originators of the idea were Rev. John J. Shipherd, pastor of the Presbyterian church of Elyria, O., and Philo P. Stewart, who had been a missionary to the Indians in Mississippi. The first president was Asa Mahan (q.v.), and the earliest instructors in the theological seminary were Charles G. Finney (q.v.), John Morgan, John P. Cowles, Henry Cowles (q.v.), and the president. The original plan of the founders in 1833 included a theological department, a scheme which was unexpectedly developed in 1835 by the arrival of a considerable number of students from Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, who brought with them Professor Morgan, and induced Charles G. Finney to come from New York City to be their professor of theology. The seminary was very early open XL-23

to all races and to both sexes. Largely through the influence of President Finney, its life has been characterized by keen interest in the philosophical aspects of theology, together with a deep and constant devotion to practical evangelism, and large numbers of its graduates have been missionaries. During anti-slavery days Oberlin was so strongly committed to the anti-slavery movement that its graduates were not acceptable to the board of foreign missions that would naturally have commissioned its missionary graduates. Consequently there was founded in Oberlin a missionary organizer tion which later merged with others to form the American Missionary Association, and for many years the latter drew largely upon Oberlin students for its teachers and preachers. In the early decades of its history the theology of Oberlin was considered radical, and its general trend has always been what its friends like to call " progressive orthodoxy."

The following are the teachers whose terms of service were longest, not including those now actively connected with the work of the seminary: Charles G. Finney, John Morgan, Asa Mahan, Henry Cowles, James H. Fairchild (q.v.), Elijah P. Barrows, Henry E. Peck, Judson Smith (q.v.), Hiram Mead, Albert H. Carrier, George F. Wright (q.v.), William B. Chamberlain, William G. Ballantine (q.v.),' Frank H. Foster (q.v.), and Owen H. Gates, while among those connected with the faculty for shorter periods were John Henry Barrows (q.v.), George S. Burroughs, and Julius A. Beaver. .At present (1911) Henry Churchill King (q.v.) is president of the college and professor of systematic theology in the theological seminary. The seminary has eight professors, and in addition has the use of certain courses in the College of Arts and Sciences; twentyfour trustees (who act for all departments); and eighty students, including ten in the Slavic department, which trains preachers for the Slavic peoples in the United States. These students, who are members of fifteen denominations, come as graduates from forty-one colleges, and represent nineteen states and four foreign countries. The theological library is a part of the general library of the college, which numbers about 200,000 bound and unbound volumes. The seminary shares in the general endowment of the college, which amounts to about $2,000,000 of productive endowment and $1,000,000 invested in grounds and buildings, while the amount of productive endowment specifically set apart for the seminary is about $400,000. The seminary is governed by its faculty, whose action is subject to the approval of the general faculty of the entire college, while in certain cases its authority is limited to the power of recommendation to the general council of the college and to the board of trustees. EDWARD TNCREABE BOSWORTH.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. H. Fairchild, Oberlin, its Origin, Progress, arid Results, Oberlin, 1871, and Oberlin, the Colony and the College, ib., 1883; D. L. Leonard, Story of Oberlin, Boston, 1898; W. G. Ballantine, ed., Oberlin Jubilee 1833-83, ib., 1884.

7. Pacific: This theological seminary is located in Berkeley, Alameda Co., Cal., the seat of the state university, and originated in view of the difficulty of obtaining an educated ministry sufficient in numbers and adapted to meet the conditions of