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worship, and in 1909 the Department of Seminary Extension was organized, which, through correspondence and lectures, offers training in theological study to ministers and others. The plant consists of Fisk Hall, with administration offices, lecture-rooms, parlor and reception room, dormitories, and gymnasium; Keyes Hall, with lecture-rooms and dormitories; Carpenter Memorial Chapel and Hall with music and other rooms; and Hammond Library. The library contains 30,000 volumes, collections on Egyptology and on the rise of Congregationalism, and a museum of Christian antiquity, while within easy access of the students are the city libraries, aggregating 900,000 volumes.

8. Hartford: Hartford Theological Seminary, which until 1885 was entitled " The Theological Institute of Connecticut," the fourth Congregational seminary established in the United States, was founded in 1834 at East Windsor Hill, Conn., the organizing body being a voluntary association known as the Pastoral Union of Connecticut, and the leading spirit in the enterprise being Rev. Bennet Tyler (q.v.), who served as first president until 1857. In 1865 the institution was removed to Hartford, where, after a period in temporary quarters, in 1879 it received from Mr. James B. Hosmer the gift of its present large and convenient buildings, including chapel, recitation-rooms, dormitories, etc., besides a separate gymnasium. To the main building, Hosmer Hall, was added in 1893 a superior fireproof library building, the gift of Mr. Newton Case, and called, in memory of his wife, the Case Memorial Library. The government of the seminary is in the hands of thirty trustees, one-third chosen annually for three years, elected by the Pastoral Union. This latter body is self-perpetuating, and comprises about 175 ministers (not limited to Connecticut or to Congregationalists), who, with the trustees and the professors, give assent to the creed which is part of the constitution of the Union.

The present faculty (1911) includes eleven full professors, the librarian, two associate professors, and nine instructor. Since 1900 the curriculum has

been arranged under five main groups of prescribed studies, varied so as to give emphasis respectively to the Old Testament, the New Testament, church history, systematic theology, and practical theology, and amounting in each case to two-thirds of the 1,260 hours required for graduation; the remaining one-third is open to elective choice from a very large list of courses in all departments. Since 1901 the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy (see RELIGIOUS PEDAGOGY, HARTFORD SCHOOL OF) hag been closely affiliated with the seminary, and many of its courses are taken by seminary students. Instruction is provided, especially in polity, to students of other denominations than the Congregational, and among many lectures annually given are those provided by the Carew Foundation, on various subjects, and those on the Hartford-Lamson Foundation, on the religions of the world. There are, two iellowahips for foreign study, and two for graduate study at Hartford. The library at present (1911) numbers about 95,000 volumes and over 50,000 pamphlets, being specially strong in apparatus for textual criticism, patristics, Reformation history, Arabic and other Semitic literatures, missions of every class, liturgies, hymnology, current periodicals, etc., so that it is one of the largest and most serviceable theological libraries in the world. The seminary is the custodian of the large missionary and ethnological museum of the American Board of Foreign Missions, which, with its own valuable collections, is adequately arranged for study. The total number of full graduates (to 1910) is 676, besides about 285 who have taken less than the full course. About 75 of the more than 550 living alumni are engaged in foreign missions. Since 1889 women have been admitted on the same terms as men, going forth as missionaries, Bible teachers in colleges, leaders in Y. W. C. A. work, and the like. The present roll of students numbers 65, including 5 fellows and 10 graduate students.

After the resignation of President Tyler in 1857 the leadership of the institution devolved upon Prof. William Thompson (q.v.) as dean of the faculty, until in 1888 Prof. Chester D. Hartranft (q.v.) was made president. He continued in office for twentyfive years, profoundly stimulating the entire life of the institution by his varied scholarship, his lofty ideals, and his practical enthusiasm. In 1903 he was succeeded by Dr. William Douglas Mackenzie (q.v.), who came from Chicago Theological Seminary, and immediately proved himself a worthy successor. Among the professors who have won distinction by long service, and usually through publication as well as instruction, are the following:-Bennet Tyler, 1834-57 (systematics), William Thompson, 1834-81 (Hebrew), Robert G. Vermilye, 1858-75 (systematics), Matthew B. Riddle (q.v.), 1871-87 (New Testament), Chester D. Hartranft, 1878-1903 (history), Edwin C. Bissell (q.v.), 1880-92 (Hebrew), Ernest C. Richardson (q.v.), 1883-90 (librarian), Williston Walker (q.v.), 1889-1901 (history), Alfred T. Perry, 1890-1900 (librarian), and, of those in the present faculty who have served ten years or more, Waldo S. Pratt (q.v.), from 1882 (music and hymnology), Clark S. Beardslee (q.v.), from 1888 (Biblical dogmatics and homiletics), Arthur I,.