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a new country. Effort was first made by a number of leading Congregationalists to secure an interdenominational institution; but this plan failed, and a denominational institution was projected, among its notable founders being Rev. J. A. Benton, Rev. George Mooar, Rev. T. E. Dwinell, Rev. W. C. Pond, Mr. Edward Coleman, Dr. J. C. Holbrook, Mr. Edward Smith, and Mr. Enos Sargent. The foundations were laid by the General Association of the Congregational Churches of California, in 1866, in which year a theological association was incorporated, a board of trustees elected, and the beginning of an endowment secured. In 1869 Rev. J. A. Benton assumed the first professorship, and instructional work opened in San Francisco, and in 1871 a spacious property was secured in Oakland. In 1870 Rev. George Mooar was elected professor, and in 1884 Rev. Israel E. Dwinell. In 1901 the seminary moved to Berkeley and was established beside the state university. During the earlier period of its history the seminary was chiefly distinguished by the personalities of its three leading instructors, Drs. Benton, Mooar, and Dwinell, men of unusual strength of character, breadth of culture, and influence. In 1894 Rev. John Knox McLean was elected president, and under his administration the seminary has advanced chiefly in the line of higher standards of scholarship and of more efficient service to the churches and the community, an important factor in this direction being the establishment of the E. T. Earl Lectureship, through which men of wide reputation and influence have made important contributions to the thought and life of the Pacific Coast. Among the most significant acts in its life is the seminary's unreserved committal to the policy of close affiliation with the life of the university, thereby influencing other denominations to take the same step, and thus creating a circle of theological schools closely cooperating with one another and affording opportunity for broad and varied theological education. Four institutions are now associated with Pacific Seminary, representing the Congregational, Disciple, Baptist, and Unitarian denominations.

Prominent among the instructors of Pacific Seminary have been Prof. Frank H. Foster (q.v.), now of Olivet, Mich.; Prof. Charles Summer Nash, since 1891 professor of homiletics; Prof. John Wright Buckham; and Prof. William Frederic Bade. The institution has at present the largest number of students and most promising outlook in its history. It has a faculty of five professors and three instructors, and an associate faculty consisting of professors in the university and in other seminaries, beside two annual lecturers. It has a governing board of sixteen trustees, of which the president of the seminary is ex-officio president, and it has forty-six students, of whom sixteen come from affiliated seminaries. The creedal affiliations of the students are: Congregationalists 22, Baptists 13, Methodists 4, Presbyterians 2, Disciples 2, Unitarian 1, Episcopalian 1, and Mennonite 1. The Seminary has an endowment of $528,000 and a library of 10,000 volumes.

JOHN KNOX MCLEAN.

department of Yale University, located in New Haven, Conn., and is undenominational in character. It was organized as a distinct school of the university in 1822, though one main purpose of Yale from its foundation, in 1701, had been training for the ministry, and definite graduate instruction had been given since the establishment of a professorship of divinity in Yale College in 1755. The earliest professors of the divinity school were Nathaniel W. Taylor (q.v.), Eleazar T. Fitch, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Chauncey A. Goodridge, and James L. Kingsley, the four first named. constituting its faculty for more than thirty years. The school was founded in a period of wide-spread theological discussion, in which its first professor of theology, Nathaniel W. Taylor, was a leader. It represented the modified Edwardsean Calvinism known as the " New Haven Theology." Originally well attended, the deaths of its early instructors and the scanty endowment of the school led to a great diminution in the number of its students; still it renewed its strength during the period from 1858 to 1870 by the growth of a new faculty, eminent in which were Timothy Dwight (q.v.), George P. Fisher (q.v.), Leonard Bacon (q.v.), and George E. Day, to whom Samuel Harris (q.v.) was soon after added. Under their leadership large increase in endowment was obtained, the present buildings of the school were begun, in 1870, and the number of students rapidly and permanently grew. The theological position of the school now became broadly and progressively mediating. Without being controversial, as in the earlier period, the school emphasized, and has continued to illustrate, an earnest evangelical type of faith, in hearty sympathies with what it deems the more progressive developments of theological and Biblical science in this country and in Europe.

The course of study was originally three years, the successful completion of which has led, since 1866, to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. Since 1879 a fourth-year study has been offered, and constantly increasing cooperation with other departments of the university, notably the graduate school, has led to a great broadening of the field of instruction. In 1910, the school was divided into four departments, each having a specific type of Christian activity in view-those of pastoral service, missionary service, religious education, and practical philanthropy. The school stands for efficient practical training, thorough scholarship, and untrammeled investigation of truth. It is under the conduct of the Corporation of Yale University, by which its instructors are appointed and its interests administered, though its immediate government is by the faculty. At the present time (1910) it is served by eleven professors, three instructors, and six lecturers, with the cooperation of twenty-three additional instructors more immediately connected with other departments of the university. There are 106 regular students enrolled in the school, and 131 under instruction. Of the regular students Connnecticut is the home of 35, Massachusetts of 6, Nebraska of 7, Canada of 5, Ohio of 5, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania of 4 each, Turkey of 3, Georgia, Maryland, Missouri, New Hampshire,