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third edition of K. F. A. Wuttke's Handbuch der christlichen Sittenlehre (2 vols., Leipaie, 1874-75) and contributed the sections on the introduction to the New Testament, the New-Teataaaent revelation of salvation, the history of the New-Testament period, and the life of Jesus and the apostolic Church to 0. Z6ckler's Handbuch der theologischen Wissenschaften (3 vols., Nordlingen, 1883-84).

SCHULZE, MARTIN: German Protestant; b. at See, Upper Lausanne, Switzerland, Jan. 26, 1866. )3e studied at the University of Halle (1889-93) and after being director of the Tholuck hall for theological students in the same city for a few months, became privat-docent for New-Testament exegesis and dogmatics at Breslau within the year, and was appointed associate professor in the same institution (1899), but since 1904 has been professor of systematic theology at the University of Konigsberg. He has written Zur Frogs nach der Bedeutung der heiligen Schrift (Halle, 1894); Die Religion Jesu and der Glaube an Christus (1897); Das Wesen des Christen tums (1897); Calving Jenseits-Christentum in seinem Verhdltnis xu den r eligiosen Schriften des Erasmus (G6rlitz, 1902); Wert ttnd Unwert der Beweise fur das Dasein Gottes (1905); and Der personliche Character des protestantischen Christentums (Halle, 1909).

SCHUPP, ship (SCHUPPIUS), JOHANN BALTHASAR: German preacher and satirist; b. at Giessen Mar., 1610; d. at Hamburg Oct. 26, 1661. He studied philosophy at Marburg, but becoming convinced of the uselessness of the current metaphysical subtleties, he turned to theology. After completing his triennium he undertook a pedestrian tour in accordance with the custom of the times, and finally stopped at Rostock where he took his master's degree in 1631, and began to give lectures. In 1634 he accompanied a young nobleman, Rudolf Rauw of Holtzhausen, on a journey to Holland, and on his return was made professor of history and oratory at Marburg. His vivacious manner and geniality made him extremely popular with the students. Meanwhile he devoted a great part of his time to the study of theology. In 1643 he was chosen preacher at the Elizabethkirche, a position he filled while performing the duties of his professorship, and in 1646 became court preacher and counselor of the consistory for Landgrave Johannes von Hesse-Braubach. The prince was so well pleased with Schupp that he sent him in 1647 as his ambassador to the peace convention at Munster and Osnabrack. He was about this time elected pastor of the Jacobikirche, at Hamburg, where he was extraordinarily successful, though his popularity aroused the jealousy of his brother clergymen.

Before this time Schupp had written only in Latin, excepting some small volumes of hymns. He now began to write in German, issuing in 1656 the famous sermon Gedenk daran, Hamburg-the only one of his sermons he published entire. He published a number of pieces in 1657 under assumed names (Antenor, Mellilambius). To one of his Latin writings, published at Copenhagen, he appended the so-called Psalm cli., and the supposed letter of Paul

to the Laodiceans. At this, the wrath of his colleagues broke out. His offense consisted in lashing the sins of the time with wit and satire, but the special charge against him was that he published apocryphal writings. He was summoned before a commission appointed by the ministry and requested not to issue theological writings under assumed names, not to publish apocrypha, to submit to a censorship, and not to introduce fables, jokes, and humorous anecdotes, alongside the sayings and accounts of the Bible. He is said to have agreed to the first two conditions, and promised to keep within bounds on the other matters. But Salomo oder Regenteuspiegel and Freund in der Noth were already in press, and their appearance caused another commotion with an appeal to the theological faculties of Wittenberg and Strasburg for advice on two hypothetical questions that described Schupp's offense. The clergy were advised to appeal to the state authorities, and the latter enjoined quiet upon both parties to the controversy (March, 1658). Schupp was now plunged in a complicated literary feud which continued until his early death at the age of fifty-two.

Bloch, in the Jahreabericht :,ber die ktinigliche Realachule . zu Berlin, Berlin, 1863; E. Oelze, BaUhasar Sehuppe,

Schriften, Leipsic, 1891; J. Luhmann, Johann Balthasar Schupp, Marburg, 1907; ADB, xxxiii. 67-77.

SCHWABACH, shvil'bBH, ARTICLES: A Protestant confession drawn up in 1528. They derive their name from being brought into connection with a meeting in that year in Schwabach regarding the Brandenburg visitation. They go back to the attempts at alliance resumed by the Evangelical Estates immediately after the protest at the Diet of Speyer (see SPEYER, DIET OF) in the spring of 1529. The preliminary agreement on Apr. 22, 1528, was between Saxony, Hesse, Nuremberg, Strasburg, and Ulm, and looked to the consideration of the Eucharistic problem in a meeting to take place at Rotach, in the Franconian mountains. The meeting was postponed till Aug. 24 and again till Oct. 16 as a result of a conference of the elector, Margrave George of Brandenburg, and Philip of Hesse at Saalfeld. The margrave desired a uniform creed, liturgy, and regulation of ecclesiastical affairs in the territories of the allies, and in this Elector John was in accord with him. Accordingly Luther, while at Marburg (apparently on Oct. 4), received a letter from the elector, dated Sept. 28, asking him, Me-