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ar=ms Die evangd%sche Trauung, ihre geschicW"e Bnt wicklung and gegenwdrtsge Bedeutung (Berlin, 1890); Die Komposition des pseudopetrinischen Evangelien= Fragments (1893); Daa Petruaevangetium, ayrwp fische Tabelle, nebst Uebersetzung and kritiwhem Apparat (1893; Eng. tranal., "The Gospel of St. Peter," Edinburgh, 1893); Die Entstehung der schleswig-holstein'schen Landeskirche (Kiel, 1895)Siebenbiirgen (Tabingen,1900); Anagar and die Ar ;
fringe der schlesurig-holstein'achen Kirchengeschiclde (Kiel, 1901); Die heutige Aufassung and Behandlung der Kirchengeachichte (Tilbingen, 1902); Der sogenanate Prcodestinatus (Leipsie,1903); Grundzrlge der Kirchengeschichte (Tobingen, 1904, 3d ed., 1906; Eng. transl., Outlines of Church History, London, 1907); Hamburg, die Missionsmefropole des Nordens im Mittelalter (1904); Kurze Geschichte der chridlichen Liebed&igkeit (1905); Kirchengeschichte Sehleswig-Holsteins, part 1 (1907); B-andnias and Bekenntniss 1629-1530 (1908); Beitrdge cur Gesehichte der evangelischen Bekenntnia- and Bandnissbildung (1909); Calvin. Rode (1909); and Bekenntnisbildung and Religionspolitik (1910).
SCHURRER, ahil'rer, EMIL: German Protestant; b. at Augsburg May 2, 1844; d. at- Gbttingen Apr. 30, 1910. He studied at the universities of Erlangen, Berlin, and Heidelberg (1862-86); Ph.D., Leipsic, 1868). He was privat-docent for theology at the University of Leipsic (1869-73); and associate professor of the same subject (1873-78); accepted a call to Giessen as full professor (1878); and at Kiel (1890); and professor of New-Testament exegesis at G6ttingen after 1895. In theology he was an adherent of the moderate historical and critical school. He wrote: Schleiermachers Religionsbegrifund die philosophischen Ausseuungen desselben (Leipsic, 1868); De controvwsiis paschalibus secundo post Christum natum saeculo ezortis (1869); Lehrbuch der neutestamentlichen zeitgeschichte (1874), which in the later editions, entitled Geschichte des judischen Volkes im Zeitalter Jesu Christi (3 vols., 1886-90; 4th ed., 1909; Eng. transl. by J. Macpherson, g. Taylor, and P. Christie, A History of the Jewish People in the Time of Je
Christ, 5 vols., Edinburgh, 1890-91), has become on of the leading authorities on its subject; Gemeindeverfassung der Juden in Rom in der Raiserzeit nach den Inschriften dargestellt (Leipsie, 1879) Die Predigt Jesu Christi in ihre?n VerhdUnis zu Alton Testament and zum Judentum (Darmstadt,1882); Die dltesten Christengemeinden im r6mischen Reiche (Kiel, 1894); and Das messianische Sdbstbewusstsein Jesu (GHttingen, 1904).
SCHUERMANN, ahur'mdn, ANNA MARIA VON: Patroness of Jean de Labadie (q.v.); b. at Cologne Nov. 5, 1607; d. at Wienwert (37 m. w.s.w. of Groningen) May 4, 1678. She early showed extraordinary mental capacity, especially for linguistics, and was celebrated for skill in music, drawing, painting, carving, wax-modeling, and etching. Her brother, Jan Gottschalk, who had become acquainted with Labadie is Geneva, and believed he was called to reform the Church, inspired her with the same conviction. She joined Labadie when he visited the Netherlands and became a
THE NEW sCHAFF-HEifZOG e _ m member of his household in Amsterdam, a step that cost her all her old friends. She revoked all her former writings, wrote defenses of Labadie and his congregation, and supported him with her wealth. The relations between her and Labadie were of a mystical character; no word of accusation was ever made against her. Her Eukleria (part 1, Alton&, 1673, part 2, Amsterdam, 1685) gives an account of her life and ideals. Her Opuscula ap peared Leyden, 1648. (P. Tse>iscsmmRT.)Hxstsoassrsz: A report which will serve ae a source for the life, probably based upon autobiographic conunum oatiom, is found in G. Arnold, Rsrchsn- and RdzsrAia-
torie, vol. iv.. addition. pp. 1339-b0. Frankfort. 1729. Consult: P. Techsckert, Anna Maria von Schiirn<ann. Goths, 1878; M. Gabel, Geeehiehts rise eAridlichen L°66^° in der rfiainixA-uedPWowivRucks. ii.180-299, Coblens, 18b2; and the literature under Ir asnu, Jisx nx, Lsssniexa.
3CHiTLTERS, saul'tens, ALBERT: Celebrated Arabist and Hebrew scholar; b. at Groningen Aug. 22, 1686; d. at Leyden Jan. 28, 1750. In his fourteenth year he matriculated in theology at the University of Groningen, where he studied Aramaic, Syriac, sad finally Arabic as necessary to sn understanding of the other Semitic languages. Ia 1708 came his disputation De utilitate linguce Arsbicre in interpretanda Sacra Scriptura (printed in his Opera minors). He then went to complete his studies at Leyden under Hadrian Reland, taking his doctorate in theology in 1709, continuing for two years the study of oriental manuscripts; [in 1711 he became pastor at Waseenser;] became professor of Hebrew at Franeker, 1713, serving also as university preacher in 1717; he went to Leyden as rector of the Collegium theologicum, became ordinary professor of oriental languages is the university there in 1732, and in 1740 professor of Hebrew antiquities. His reputation is due to the fact that he was the first to apply in comprehensive style Arabic to the elucidation of Hebrew; that he made mistakes is true, but this was to be expected of a pathfinder. His most renowned pupil was Nikolaus Wilhelm Schroder, author of the frequently reprinted Inatitutionea ad fundaments lingua Hebraica; (Groningen, 1788). The principles advocated
lsu, in ZsitschriJ! for iuthsrischs Thsotopie and Rixhs, 1870, pp. 1-21; Lichtenberger, E3R, si. b29-530.