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remained popular in conventicles. His Nodige vxiarheden in 't herte van een Christen (Groningen, 1738) was designed primarily for those who were about to make profession of their faith. His chief work was the Het innige Christendom . . . rooorgeatelt in E'- aamempraken tusel, een geoefende, begenadigde, kleingeloovnge en onbegenadigde (1740). In this work the author became the representative of Pietism in the Dutch Reformed Church of the eighteenth century, and gave a description of, and counsel for, a life of practical holiness. It caused a lively controversy because of its mystical trend, and its author secured the requisite approbation of the theological faculty of Groningen only with difficulty. Within the year a second edition appeared with the approbation of the classis to which Schortinghuisbelonged, but his opponents secured from the Synod of Groningen the prohibition of a third edition until the doubts of the faculty should be satisfied. The strife was even carried outside his own synod. Despite all this, the Het innige Christendom exercised a wide influence.

(S. D. vex VEEN.)

BrHLioa8APirY: H. van Berlcum, Schortsmhuis en de oiiJ nietm Utrecht, 1859: J. C. Kromsigt, Withedmue Schortinghuie. Groningen, 1904.

SCHOTT, shat, HEINRICH AUGUST: German Lutheran; b. at Leipsic Dec. 5, 1780; d. at Jena Dec. 29, 1835. He was educated at the university of his native city (Ph.D., 1799); lectured there on theology and philology (1801-05), being morning university preacher after 1803; was associate professor in the philological faculty (1805-08); and in the theological faculty (1808-09); full professor and preacher at the castle church at Wittenberg (18091812); and at Jena from 1812. While at Leipsic Schott edited the Ars rhetorica of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Leipsic, 1804), and the Greek text of the New Testament with a Latin translation (1805), and wrote his Entwurf einer Thearie der Beredsamkeit mit besonderer Anwendung auf Kanzelleredsamkeit (1807). At Wittenberg he composed his Epitome theologise Chriatiance (1810). His chief work was Theorie der Beredsamkeit, mit besonderer Anwendung auf die christliche Beredsamkeit (3 parts, Leipsie, 1815-28). Special mention should be made of his Isagoge historico-crittica in libros Nom Poderis sacros (Jena, 1830) and his Latin commentary on Thessalonians and Galatians (Leipsic, 1834). His apologetic contributions, such as his Briefs fiber Religion (Jena, 1826), are of minor value. A number of briefer contributions from his pen were collected in his Opuscula (2 vols., 1817-18). (L. PELTt.)

BIr1LIOaSAPHY: J. T. 1.. Dana, Heimich August Schou, Leipsic, 1836.

SCHOTT, THEODOR FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran and historian; b. at Esslingen (17 m. e.s.e. of Stuttgart) Dec. 16, 1835; d. at Stuttgart Mar. 18, 1899. He was educated at the seminary of Blaubeuren and Tubingen (1853-57), and after being vicar for two years at Bopfingen and Kbngen, was a teacher at Hofwyl near Bern from 1859 to 1861; then he studied the history of the French and Italian Reformation at Paris for three months, and, after a short term as vicar, he. became teacher

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of religion at the Stuttgart gymnasium. He was next pastor at Berg, a suburb of Stuttgart, for six years (1867-73), and from 1873 until his death was librarian of the public library in Stuttgart. He was likewise a director of the W urttemberg branch of the Gustav-Adolph-Verein and helped found the Verein fur Reformationsgeschichte, and was also active in philanthropic work. After 1876 he was editor of the Allgemeines Kirchenblatt fur das evangelische Deutschland, and, besides many briefer contributions, wrote Hugenottengeschichten (Stuttgart,

lggg); Die Aufhebung des Ediktes von Nantes (Halls, 1886); and Die Rirehe der Waste 1757-89' (1893).

(H. HERMELINS.)

Brsraoassrar: Biogrophischaa Jahrbuch, ed. A. Bettelheim. iv (1899), 75-77.

SCHRADER, shrti'der, EBERHARD: German Protestant Orientalist; b. at Brunswick Jan. 5, 1836; d. at Berlin July 4, 1908. He was educated at the University of GBttingen (Ph.D., 1860), and 1862 became privat-docent at the University of Zurich, where he was appointed full professor of theology in 1863. In 1870 he was called to Giessen in a similar capacity, and thence to Jena in 1873. From 1875 until his final retirement, brought about by impaired health in 1899, he was professor of Semitic languages in the philosophical faculty of the University of Berlin. He was the pioneer of Assyri ology in Germany- Besides editing the eighth edition of W. M. L. de Wette's Lehrbuch der historischr kritiachen Einleitung in die kanonischen and apokry Phischen Bxlcher des Alten Testaments (Berlin, 1869) and the Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek (6 vola., 1889 1901), he wrote De linguce Xthiopicce cum. cognotts linguis eomparata: indole (Gbttingen, 1860) ; Studien zur Kritik and ErkkYrung der biblischen Urgeschichte (Stuttgart, 1863) ; Die assyrisch-babylonischen Keil inschriften, kritische Untersuchung der Grundlagen ihrer Ent2i,$'erung (Leipsic, 1872) ; Die Keilinschrif ten and das Alte Testament (Giessen, 1872; 3rd ed., entirely revised, by H. Zilnmern and H. Winekler, Berlin, 1902; Eng. trans. of the second edition, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament, by O. C. Whitehouse, 2 vols., London, 1885-88) ; Die Hot lenfahrt der Istar (Giessen, 1874) ; Keilinschrif ten and Geschichtsforschung, sin Beitrag zur monumentalen Geographie, Geschichte and Chronologie der Assyrer (1878); Zur Kritik der Inschriften Tiglath-Pileser's 11, des Asarhaddon and des Asurbanipal (Berlin, 1880) ; Zur Frage reach dam Ursprunge der altbabylon ischen Cultur (1884) ; and Die Keilinschriften am Eingange der Quellgrotte des Sebeneh.Su (1885).

Brsrroaawrav: C. Bezold, Eberhard Schrader. Eine Lebeneakiue. Strasburg, 1909: E. Meyer, Godachtniarede auJ Eberhard Schrader, Berlin. 1909: O. C. Whitehouse, in Expository Times, Dec., 1910, pp. 104-108.

SCHROECgH, shruk, JOHANN MATTHIAS: German Lutheran; b. at Vienna July 26, 1733; d. at Wittenberg Aug. 1, 1808. After completing his education at GSttingen, he spent a year at Leipsic in further study and assisting his uncle, Karl Andrews Bell, to edit the Acts eruditorum and Leipziger Gelehrten Zeitungen. Still continuing his editorial labors, he lectured at the university on parts of the New Testament, as well as on literary history and