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ination of the Creed of Pius IV., ib. 1882; P. Tschackert, Evangelische Polemik gegen die rbmische Kirche, Gotha, 1885, 2d ed., 1888; E. Eisele, Jesuitismus and Katholizismus, Halle, 1888; S. S. Wynell-Mayow, The Light of Reason, London, 1889; R. F. Littledale, Plain Reasons against Joining the Church of Rome, ib. 1880; T. Moore, Anglican Brief against Roman Claims, ib. 1895; Graf P. von Hoensbroeeh, Das Papsttum in seiner sozialkulturellen Wirkaamkeit, vol. i., Leipsic, 1900; D. H. Falconer, The Errors of the Roman Catholic Faith, ib. 1901; J. MaeLaughlin, The Divine Plan of the Church, ib. 1901; A. H. Galton, The Church's Outlook, Our Attitude toward English Roman Catholics and the Papal Court, ib. 1902; J. B. Nichols, Evangelical Belief. Its Contrast with Rome, ib. 1903; J. M. Logan, Six Anti-Papal Studies, ib. 1904; Kontrovers-Lexikon, Die konfessionellen Streitfragen zwischen Katholiken and Pro_ teatanten, Essen, 1904-05; O. Hermens and O. Kohlschmidt, Protestantisches Taachenbuch, Leipsic, 1904; C. Gore, Roman Catholic Claims, London, 1905; K. Sell, Katholizismus and Proteatantismus in Geschichte, Religion, Politik, Kultur, Leipsic, 1908.

On the unfolding of worship and law consult:. L. P. Gu6ranger, L'Annee liturgique, 16 vols., Paris, 1841 sqq., Eng. transl., London, 1867 sqq.; R. von Lilieneron, Ueber den Inhalt der allgemeinen Bildung in der Zeit der Scholastik, Munich, 1876; B. Thalhofer, Handbuch der katholischen Liturgik, 2 vols., Freiburg, 1883-93; H. von Eicken, Geschichte and System der mittelalterlichen Weltonachauung, Stuttgart, 1887; J. J. I. von D511inger and F. H. Reusch, Geschichte der Moralstreitigkeiten in der rtimischkatholischen Kirche seit den 16. Jahrhurudert, 2 vols., ib, 1889; J. Dippel, Das katholische Kirchenjahr, 6 vols., Regensburg, 1889-93; S. Baumer, Geschichte des Breviers, St. Louis, 1895; P. Batiffol, Hist. of the Roman Breviary, London, 1898; K. A. H. Kellner, Heortologie odor das Kirchenjahr and die Heiligenfeste in ihrer geachichtlichen Entwickelung, Freiburg, 1901; F. Fleiner, Entwickelung des katholiachen Kirchenrechts im 19. Jahrhundert, Tiibingen, 1902; F. von Tessen-Wesierski, Der Autoritdtsbegriff in den Hauptphasen seiner historischen Entwicklung, Paderborn, 1907; F. Acin, La iglesia catolica, au constitucion interns y relaciones externas, Huesca, 1910.

For the general history of the church consult: The Annales of Baronius (for bibliographical details see BARONIUB); J. J. I. von D6Ilinger, Lehrbuch der Kirchengeachichte, Regensburg, 1833-38, 2d ed., 2 vols., 1843, Eng. transl., Hist. of the Church, 4 vols., London, 1840- 1842; J. A. M6hler, Kirchengeschichte, ed. P. B. Game, 3 vols., Regensburg, 1867-70; F. X. Kraus, Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, 4 vols., Treves, 1872-76; J. B. Alzog, Universalgeschichte der chrastlichen Kirche, 10th ed., 2 vols., Mainz, 1882, Eng. transl. of 9th ed., 3 vols., Cincinnati, 1874-78, new ed., 1903; E. Renan, Lectures on the Influence of Rome on Christianity (Hibbert Lectures), new ed., New York, 1898; R. F. Rohrbacher, Hilt. univeraelle de L'Mise catholique, 9th ed., 15 vols., Paris, 1899-1900; F. Nippold, Handbuch der neuesten Kirchengeschiehte, 4 vols, Berlin, 1901; C. Boug16, L'tglise romaine. Drame historique de xx. sQcles, Paris, 1902; H. BrOek, Geschichte der katholischen Kirche im 19 Jahrhundert, 2d ed., 2 vols., Mainz, 1902; E. Pardo-Bazan, Par la Europa catolica, Madrid, 1902; B. W. Aecher, Characteristics of the Romish Church, London, 1904; J. P. Kirsch and V. Luksch, Illustrierte Geschichte der katholiachen Kirche Munich, (1905); A. Baudrillart, The Catholic Church, the Renaissance and Protestantism, London, 1908; MaeCaffrey, Hist. o1 the Catholic Church in the 19th Century, 2 vols., Dublin, 1909.

The literature on the history of the church in different lands is to be looked for under the articles on those lands, the following works being merely supplementary except in the cases of Great Britain and the United States. On the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Great Britain and colonies consult: J. Forbes, L'Fglise catholique en Pcosse d la fin du xvi. siecle, Paris, 1885; W. F. Leith, Narratives of Scottish Catholics under Mary and James VI., Edinburgh, 1885, A. Bellesheim, Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Schottland, 2 vols., Mainz, 1883, Eng. transl., History of the Catholic Church in Scotland, 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1887-90, W. J. Amherst, History of Catholic Emancipation arid Progress of the Church, 177118t!O, 2 vols., London, 1886; Kenny, History of Catholicity in Australia to 18¢0, Sydney, 1886; T. D. Ingram,

England and Rome: History of the Relations between the Papacy and the English State, London, 1892; G. Grabinski (Count), La Renaissance catholique en Angle· terre et Is Cardinal Newman, Lyon, 1893; W. Ward, W. G. Ward and the Catholic Revival, London, 1893; De Madaune, Histoire de la renaissance du catholiciame en Angleterre au xix. sickle, Paris, 1896; Alexis, Histoire de la province ecclesiastique d'Ottawa, 2 vols., Ottawa, 1879; P. F. Moran, History of the Catholic Church in Australasia, Sydney, 1897; idem, The Catholics in Ireland under the Penal Laws in the Eighteenth Century, London, 1899; P. Thureau-Dangin, La Renaissance catholique en Angleterre au xix. sie9cle, Paris, 1899; P. H. Fitzgerald, Fifty Years of Catholic Life under Cardinals Wiseman, Manning, Vaughan and Newman, 2 vols., London, 1901; J. Forbes, L'-glise catholique en Etcosse h la. fin du xvi. siACle, Paris, 1901; S. J. Jones, England and the Holy See, London, 1902; M. J. F. McCarthy, Priests and People in Ireland, Dublin, 1902; idem, Five Years in Ireland, 1896-1900, London, 1903; idem, Rome in Ireland, ib. 1904; M. O'Riordan, Catholicity and Progress in Ireland, ib. 1905; J. R. Willington, Dark Pages of English History. Being a short Account of the penal Laws against Catholics from Henry VIII. to George IV., ib. 1902; F. A. Gasquet, Short History of the Catholic Church in England, ib. 1903; J. B. Nichols, The Advance of Romanism in England, ib. 1904; D. Williamson, Roman Catholic Orders in Great Britain, ib. 1904; Mrs. Bryan Stapelton, History of the PostReformation Catholic Missions in Oxfordshire, ib. 1905; J. A. Bain, The New Reformation. Recent Evangelical Movements in the Roman Catholic Church, Edinburgh, 1906; idem, The Developments of Roman Catholicism, London, 1908; W. Forbes-Leith, Historical Letters and Memoirs of Scottish Catholics, 2 vols., London and New York, 1908; B. Ward, The Dawn of the Catholic Revival in England, 1781-1803, 2 vols., London, 1909; Report of the 19th Eucharistic Congress, held at Westminster, Sept. 9-13, 1908, ib. 1909. For France, beside the literature under that article and GALLIOANISM, consult: J. de Magdeleine, La France catholique et la France juive, 2 vols., Paris, 1888; J. B. Jeannin, L'Eglise et la fin de ai&le, ib. 1891; P. Boyle, The Irish College in Paris, 1878-1901, London, 1901; L. Bourgain, L'Eglim de France et l'6tat au dix-neuvi~me si,Acle, 2 vols., Paris, 1901; M. P. Imbart, L'l5glise Catholique, La Criss d La Renaissance, ib. 1909. On Germany use: F. W. Woker, Aus norddeutschen Miasionen des 17. and 18. Jahrhunderts, Cologne, 1884; Michel, Die rdmische Kirche, ihre Binwirkung auf die germanischen Slfimme, Halle, 1889; J. May, Geschichte der Generalveraammlungen der Katholiken Deutschlands, 184,8-190,2, Cologne, 1903; R. Seeberg, Die Kirche Deutschlands im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, Leipsie, 1903; H. A. Krose, Konfessionstatistik Deutschlands, Freiburg, 1904; G. Gayau, L'Allemagne religieuse. Le Catholicisme, 18oo18I,8, 2 vols., Paris, 1905. For Italy consult: Letino Carbonelli, La Chiesa, la proprieta, to stator Naples, 1884; S. Muenz, Aus Quirinal and Vatikan, Berlin, 1891; R. Murri, Battaglie d'oggi, 3 vols., Rome, 1901; A. Robertson, The Roman Catholic Church in Italy, London, 1903; R. de Cesare, The Last Days of Papal Rome, 186o-1870, ib. 1909. On the church in the United States consult: J. J. O'Connell, Catholicity in the Carolinas and Georgia

. 18.1'0-78, New York, 1879; B. J. Webb, Centenary of Catholicity in Kentucky, Louisville, 1884 J. G. Shea, History of the Catholic Church in the U. S. A., 2 vols., New York, 1886; idem, The Catholic Church in Colonial Days, 1621-1763, ib. 1887; H. H. Heming, Catholic Church in Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1897; T. O'Gorman, in A1nerican Church History Series, vol. .ix., New York, 1897; Hist. of the Catholic Church in the New England States, 2 vols., Boston, 1899; J. O'K. Murray, Catholic Pioneers of America, new ed., Philadelphia, 1901; G. F. Houck, Hist. of Catholicity in Northern Ohio, 2 vols., Cleveland, 1903; J. M. Flynn, Catholic Church in New Jersey, Morristown, N. J., 1904; A. Houtin, L'Americanisme, Paris, 1904; W. P. Tracy, Old Catholic Maryland and its Early Jesuit Missionaries, Baltimore, 1906; The Catholic church in the United States of America, vol. i., The religious Communities, vol. ii., Province of Baltimore, New York, 1908 sqq.; W. H. Bennett, Catholic Footsteps in Old New York; a Chronicle of Catholicity in New York, 1624,-1808, ib. 1909; J. P. Conway, The Question of the Hour: a Survey of the Position and Influence of the Catholic Church in the