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Du Preens THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG

making a tour of Asia Minor in 1876. From 1877 to 1895 he was professor of church history in the Institut Catholique de Paris, .and since the latter year has been director of the French school at Rome. He was also maitre de conferences and later directeur d'6tudes at the tcole des Hautes etudes, Paris, 1885-95, and in 1888 was elected a member of the Acad6mie des Inscriptions et BellesLettres. He has written De Macario Magnets et aeriptia ejus (Paris, 1877); etude sur le Liber Pontificalis (1877); Memoire sur une mission au Mont Athos (1877; in collaboration with C. Bayet); Vita Sandi Polycarpi, auctore Pionio (1881); Le Liber Poredficalis: Texts, introduction et commentaire (2 vole., 1886-92); Origines du tulle chrdien (1889; Eng. transl. by M. L. McClure under the title Christian Worship: Its Origin and Evolution, London, 1902); Les Anciens Catalogues oiscopaux de la province de Tours (1890); Fades dpiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule (2 vole., 1894-99); Autonomies ecclessiastiques (1896); Lea Premiere Temps de 1'aat pontifical (1898); Le Forum chrdien (Rome, 1899); Autonomies eeclEsiastiques; Eglisea soar&& (1904; Eng. tranal., Churches Separated from Rome, New York, 1908).

DUDITH, dft-dft' (DUDICH, DUDICS), Aft DREAS: Hungarian bishop, later a Protestant; b. at Budapest Feb. 16, 1533; d. at Breslau Feb. 23, 1589. He was educated by his uncle, who was canon at Breslau, and went to Italy about 1550 to continue his studies. There he gained the favor of Cardinal Pole, whom he accompanied on his return to England after the accession of Queen Mary. He was an excellent Latin scholar and had meanwhile been appointed canon at Gran, but in 1558 he again devoted himself to study in Padua. He was ap pointed bishop of Tininium (Knin) in Dahnatia by the emperor Ferdinand, and took part in the Coun cil of Trent, where, in compliance with the wish of Ferdinand, he urged that the cup be given to the laity. Although he did not appear there as an oppo nent of the celibacy of the clergy, he wrote a Demon stratio pro libertate conjugii. Being appointed bishop, first of Fiinfkirehen, and then of Szigeth, he went to Poland in 1565, where he married a maid of honor of the queen, and resigned his see, becoming an adherent of Protestantism. In 1575 he became so involved in political intrigues to secure the throne of Poland (then vacant) for Maximilian that his opponents confiscated his estates and expelled him from the city. The last ten years of his life were spent at Breslau. Five orations and a brief biog raphy of Dudith were published at Offenbach in 1610 by Quirinus Reuter. K. BENRATH.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Besides the biography by Realer, there is available C. B. Stieff, Verauch einer . . . GaachicAk won Ldxn and Meinungen Andreas Duditha, Breslau, 1758.

DUDLEY, THOMAS UNDERWOOD: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Kentucky; b. at Richmond, Va., Sept. 26, 1837; d. in New York City Jan. 22, 1904. He studied at the University of Virginia (B.A., 1858), where he was professor of Latin and Greek until the outbreak of the Civil War. He then entered the Confederate Army and attained the rank of major. After the close of the war he studied theology at the Virginia Theological

Seminary, Alexandria, Va., from which he was graduated in 1867. He was ordered deacon in 1867 and ordained priest in 1868. He was curate and rector of Christ Church, Baltimore, 1869-75, and in 1875 was consecrated bishop coadjutor of Kentucky. On the death of Bishop B. B. Smith in 1884 he became diocesan of Kentucky. He wrote A Wise Discrimination the Church's Need (New York, 1881); and Why am 1 a Churchman t (1894).

DUEL. See WAGER OF BATTLE.

DUESTERDIECg, dQ-"ester-dike, FRIEDRICH HERMANN CHRISTIAN: German Protestant; b. at Hanover July 14, 1822; d. there Apr. 23, 1906. He studied in GtSttingen and Berlin and was lecturer at Gbttingen 1846-48, director of studies at the theological seminary at Hanover 1848-54, pastor at Schwichelt 1854-58, and director of studies at Loccum 1858-65. In 1865 he was appointed consistorial councilor at Hanover, and became councilor of the supreme consietory seven years later, while from 1879 until his retirement from active life in 1900 he was general superintendent. He wrote Qua de Ignatianarum epistolarwm anthentia dtiorumque teztuum rations et dignitate hue uaque prolatca aunt sententim (Gottingen, 1843); De rei prophetieee nature ethics (1852); Die tueltliche Bildung des Geistlichen (Hanover, 1873); Die Revision der Luther'schen Bibeliibersetzung (1882); Kritisch-ezegetisches Handbuch abet die Offenbarung Johannes (G6ttingen); and Inspiration and Kritik der heiligen Sehrift (1896).

DUFF, ALEXANDER: First missionary of the Church of Scotland to India; b. at the farmhouse of Auchnahyle, Moulin (25 m. n.n.w. of Perth), Perthshire, Apr. 25, 1806; d. in Edinburgh Feb. 12, 1878. He studied at the grammar-school of Perth and the University of St. Andrews under Dr. Chalmers and others, and was licensed and sailed for Calcutta in 1829, lying all his books by shipwreck on the way. He resolved to make an educational institution a leading feature of his work in India, and had the valuable support of an enlightened Hindu for his school in Calcutta, which was conducted on two principles-first that the Christian Scriptures should be read in every class able to read them, and second that through the English language Western science should be taught, notwithstanding the revolution it must cause in many Hindu notions. Duff prepared various textbooks, including one on Christian ethics and the elements of political economy. His school rapidly became popular and influential. The teaching of English, however, roused opposition among the European residents, including some of the earlier missionaries, and his whole method brought him into conflict with the Hindu College, already established, which aimed to avoid offense to Indian sentiment by maintaining a secularist atmosphere. Duff won the confidence of the governor, Lord William Bentinck, and T. B. Macaulay (afterward Lord Macaulay) added his powerful advocacy to the cause of English education; eventually the neutrality of government guaranteed security for