GUETZLAFF, KARL FRIEDRICH AUGUST:

German Lutheran missionary to the Chinese; b. at Pyritz (24 m. i.e. of Stettin), Pomerania, July 8, 1803; d. at Hongkong Aug. 9, 1851. .He was apprenticed to a saddler in Stettin, but was enabled by the king of Prussia to receive training for a missionary career at the Halls Padagogium and at Johannea Janicke's missionary institute in Berlin. He then made a visit to England, where Robert Morrison (q.v.) directed his interest especially to Chinese missions, and accordingly he went, under the auspices of the Dutch missionary society, in 1826, to Batavia, where in two years he became proficient in Chinese. He then severed his connection with the Dutch society, and in 1828 went first to Bangkok and thence to Macao, and there collaborated with W. H. Medhurst (q.v.) in translating the Bible into the Wen-li dialect of Chinese (Hongkong [?], 1854-55), besides editing a Chinese monthly. Between 1831 and 1834 he made three voyages along the coasts of China., Siam, Korea, and the Lu-chu Islands, and in 1835 he was appointed interpreter (later secretary) to the British embassy in China, in which capacity his knowledge of China and Chinese enabled him to render great services to England in the opium war of 1840-42, while later he was made superintendent of trade, an office which he retained until his death. In 1844 he was one of the founders, at Hongkong, of an association to train converted Chinese to become missionaries to their own people, but the time had not yet come for such an institution to be successful. In 1849-51 Gützlaff made a tour of England ,and Germany in behalf of, his mission, but died almost immediately on his return to China.

The principal writings of Gützlaff, besides a Japanese translation of the Gospel of John (Singapore [1830?]), were Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China, in 1881, 1832, and 1838 (London, 1834); Sketch of Chinese History, Ancient and Modern (2 vols., 1834); China Opened; or, A Display of the Topography, History, etc., of the Chinese Empire (2 vols., 1838); Vexalag van een driejarig vexblijf in Siam en van een reize lungs de kust van China (Rotterdam, 1830; Geschichte des chinesischen Reiches von den liltesten Zeiten bis auf den Fxiedext von Nanking (ed. K. F. Neumann, Stuttgart, 1847); Due Mission in China (lectures delivered in Berlin; Berlin, 1850); Bexicht seiner Reise von China reach England and durch die verschiedenen Lander Europa's im Interesse der chinesischen Mission (Cassel, 1851); and Life of T-Kwang, late Emperor of China, with Memoirs of the Court of Peking (ed. Sir G. T. Staunton, London, 1852); in addition to the Chinesi. ache Berichte von der Mitts des Jahres 181,1 bis zum Srhluss des Jahres 1846 (Cassel, 1850), which he published under the pseudonym "Gaihan."

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Bibliography: %. Gtktcla8"a Lebsn xnd Heimpang, Berlin, 1861; G. R. Erdbrink. 9. de AposEel der Chinezen, Rotterdam, 1860.