TWICHELL, JOSEPH HOPKINS: Congregationalist; b. at Southington, Conn., May 27, 1838. He was educated at Yale (A.B., 1859) and studied at Union Theological Seminary (1859-61) and Andover Theological Seminary (1864-65). He was a chaplain in the Union Army during the Civil War, and since 1865 has been pastor of Asylum Hill Congregational Church, Hartford, Conn. He has written John Winthrop (New York, 1891) and has edited Some Old Puritan Love Letters (correspondence of John and Margaret Winthrop; 1893).

TWIN (DWIN, DVIN, DEVIN): The early capital and Christian center of Armenia (120 m. s. of Tiflis, Russia). Its significance for church history lies in the facts that seven synods were held there, and that it became the seat of the catholicos (c. 452) as a result of Persian attacks on Armenian Christians, who were driven from Echmiadzin, the earlier and the press seat. Contemporary sources for Armenian history during the sixth century are inadequate and in some cases contradictory. The consequence is that many dates even of the most important events can not be accurately determined. The most probable -date for the first synod of Twin is 524, under King Kavadh (d. 531). Among the moat eminent of the prelates present were Peter, bishop of Siunik, and Nersapuh, bishop of Taron. Besides authorizing Twin as the seat of the catholicos, the synod determined upon complete separation from the Greeks, involving rejection of the Chalcedonian symbol with its diophyaitism and a reassertion of monophysitiam; the celebration of the birth and baptism (spiritual birth) on the same day; and the addition of the clause in the Trisagion (q.v.), "Thou roast crucified for us," to the liturgy. The second synod of Twin (Dec. 14, 552) regulated the Armenian calendar'and adopted July 11, 552, as the beginning of the Armenian era and. the New Year's day of the new era. See Armenia; Nerses.

A. H. Newman.

Bibliography: The literature under Aaxcsrrts; and w. F. Adeney, The Greek and Eastern Churches, pp. 539 sqq., New York, 1905.

TWISSE, WILLIAM: Puritan divine; b. at Speenham-Land, near Newbury (16 m. w.s.w. of Reading), England, c. 1578; d. in London July 20, 1646. He received his education at New College, Oxford (fellow, 1598; B.A., 1600; M.A., 1604; B.D., 1612; D.D., 1614); became chaplain to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of James L, on her marriage in 1613 to Elector-Palatine Frederick Y., but was recalled after two months and made vicar of Newton, and in 1620 of Newbury, where he remained, although he received the offer of several preferments in the Church of England and of a professorship of divinity at Franeker, Friesland. He rose a Calvinist of the supralapsarian school, learned and of a speculative genius. He was a member of the Westminster Assembly of which he was unanimously elected prolocutor-a poet for which he was temperamentally unfitted. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, but by royal mandate his remains were dug up Sept. 14, 1661, and thrown with those of several other persons into a pit in St. Margaret's churchyard, which immediately. adjoins the abbey. 13e distinguished himself by his ,writings against Arminianism, and his Opera appeared at Amsterdam (2 vols., 1652).

Bibliography: The principal source is G. Sendall's Tuiasii vita et vdctoria, appended to Kendall's Fro pro tribunals, London, 1857. Consult further DNB, lull. 39799, and the short notices to which reference is there given.