McCOOK, HENRY CHRISTOPHER: Presbyterian; b. at New Lisbon, O., July 3, 1837. He was educated at Jefferson College (B.A., 1859) and at the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. (1859-61). He was first lieutenant, and afterward chaplain, in the Forty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers. He has held pastorates at Clinton, Ill. (1861-63); St. Louis, Mo. (1863-69) ; and at Philadelphia, Pa. (1869-1902; since 1903, pastor emeritus). He has written: Object and Outline Teaching: Guide Book for Sunday School Workers (St. Louis, 1871); Teacher's Commentary on Gospel Narrative of Last Year of our Lord's Ministry (Philadelphia, 1871); was a contributor to the Tercentenary Book (of the Heidelberg Catechism; 1863); Natural History of the Agricultural Ant of Texas (1879); Honey Ants of the Garden of the Gods and the Occident Ants of the American Plains (1881); Tenants of an Old Farm: Leaves from the NoteBook of a -Naturalist (New York, 1885 [1884]); Women Friends of Jesus (1886 [1885]); Gospel in Nature (Philadelphia, 1886); American Spiders, and their Spinning Work (3 vols., 1890-93); Old Farm Fairies (1895); the Latimers: Tale of the Western

Insurrection of 1794 (1898 [189?]); Martial Graves of our Fallen Heroes in Santiago de Cuba (1899); The Senator: a Threnody (1905); Nature's Craftsmen: Popular Studies of Ants and other Insects (New York, 1907); and Ant Communities (1909).

McCORMICK, JOHN NEWTON: Protestant Episcopal bishop coadjutor of western Michigan; b. at Richmond, Va., Feb. 1, 1863. He was educated at Randolph-Macon College, Va. (A.B., 1883) and Johns Hopkins University (1886,88). From 1883 to 1893 he was a Methodist Episcopal minister, but entering the Protestant Episcopal Church he was rector successively of St. Paul's, Suffolk, Va., 1893 to 1895, of St. Luke's, Atlanta, Ga., 1895, and of St. Mark's, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1898. In 1906 he was consecrated bishop coadjutor of western Michigan. He has written: Distinctive Marks of the Episcopal Church (Milwaukee, 1902); The Litany and the Life (1904); and Pain and Sympathy (1907).

McCOSH, JAMES: Presbyterian divine and educator; b. at Carekeoch (36 m. s.s.w. of Glasgow), a farm in the parish of Straiton, Ayrshire, Scotland, Apr. 1, 1811; d, at Princeton, N. J., Nov. 16, 1894. He was destined at an early age for the ministry by his father, who put him under the tuition of a pious man, one Quentin Smith. In 1824 he entered the University of Glasgow, and in 1829 he removed to the University of Edinburgh (M.A., 1834), where he studied divinity under Chalmers. $e was licensed by the presbytery of Ayr in 1834 and was settled first in Arbroath, a pariah of sailors and artizans, but in 1838 he was appointed pastor at Brechin, Forfarahire. At the disruption of 1843 he entered the Free Church and became superintendent of a mountainous district in Forfarshire. In 1850 he was called to Queen's College, Belfast, as professor of logic and metaphysics. There he not only devoted himself to the duties of his chair, but also interested himself in Evangelical work in Smithfield, establishing a church and founding schools. He took great interest in Irish affairs and was a firm advocate of the national system of schools. He desired the abolition of the Regium Donum, yet he suggested a suatentation fund, as he had done before in Scotland. In the summer of 1858 he traveled in Germany; and in 1866 he made a journey to the United States, investigating chiefly the system of education in use here. In May, 1868, he was elected president o£ the College of New Jersey, Princeton, which position he retained until his resignation in 1888. MeCosh was one of Princeton's most influential presidents; he introduced, but with more restrictions than at Harvard and. at Yale, the elective system. He was a firm, although kind, disciplinarian. After his resignation he still showed interest in the college, continuing his lectures there on philosophy for two years. As a philosopher McCosh takes a high rank; he was a firm believer in realism and strongly opposed both to idealism and to materialism. He always strove to keep abreast of the times, from the start giving his assent to the doctrine of evolution and showing how it could be reconciled with the Gospel teachings, in which he was always a firm believer. Of his voluminous

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works the more important are: The Method of Divine Government, Physical and Moral (Edinburgh, 1850); , Typical Forma and Special Ends in Creation (1856), in collaboration with G. Dickie; The Intuitions of the Mind, Inductively Investigated (London, 1860); The Supernatural in. Relation to the Natural (Cam bridge, 1862); A Defense of Fundamental Truth; being an Examination of Mr. J. S. Mill's Philoso phy (London, 1866); .The Laws of Discursive Thought (1870); Christianity and Positivism (New York, 1871); The Scottish Philosophy, Biographical, Expository, Critical (London, 1874); The Emotions (1880); Psychology: the Cognitive Powers (1886); Psychology: the Motive Powers, Emotions, Conscience, Will (1887); The Realistic Philosophy Defended (1887); The Religious Aspect of Evolution (1888); Gospel Sermons (1888); The First seed Fundamental Truths (1889): and Our Moral Nature (1892).

Bibliography: Life of James McCosA, a Record chiefly Aulobiographieal, ed. W. M. Sloane, New York, 1898 (con tains s list, by J. H. Duller, of the published writings of Dr. MoCosh).