McKIBBIN, WILLIAM: Presbyterian; b. at Pittsburg, Pa., May 24, 1850. He was educated at Princeton College (A.B., 1869), and after studying law at Philadelphia, entered Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa., from which he was graduated in 1873. He then held successive pastorates at the Seventh Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg (1873-74), Central Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, Minn. (1874-79), Second Presbyterian Church, Pittaburg (188088), and First Presbyterian Church, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. (1888-1904). Since 1904 he has been president and professor of systematic theology in Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati.

MACKIE, GEORGE MONRO: Scotch Presbyterian; b. at Banchory (15 m. s.w. of Aberdeen), Kincardineshire, Oct. 27, 1853. He was educated at the University of Aberdeen and the Divinity Hall of Edinburgh University, and since 1880 has been minister of the Anglo-American congregation and missionary of the Church of Scotland Jewish Mission at Beirut, Syria. In addition to his missionary and pastoral work, he has devoted himself to the study of oriental life as illustrative of the Bible, and in theology holds "that a man becomes a Christian by giving himself to Christ as a dwelling-place for His Spirit; that this indwelling will show itself in likeness to Christ personally, and socially in kindness to all in whom the same Spirit is already dwelling or desiring to dwell; and that in the statesmanship of the Gospel, while all past and present forms of church membership and government have rendered in their day most important service, they are quite unable to produce that conception of a great citizenship that is necessary for a kingdom that is destined to conquer the world for Christ." He has written Bible Manners and Customs (Edinburgh, 1898).

McKIM, JOHN: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Tokyo, Japan; b. at Pittsfield, Mass., July 17, 1852. He was educated at Griswold College, Davenport, Ia. (A.B., 1876), and Nashotah House, Nashotah, Wis., from which he was graduated in 1879. He was ordered deacon in 1878 and advanced to the priesthood in the following year. After working for a brief time in the diocese of Chicago, he went to Japan se a missionary (1880), where in thirteen years he was able to report seventeen stations and substations, with headquarters

at Osaka. In 1893 he was consecrated missionary bishop of Tokyo.

McKIM, RANDOLPH HARRISON: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 15, 1842. He was educated at the University of Virginia (A.B., 1861), and served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War. He was ordered deacon in 1864 and ordained priest in 1866, after having been curate of Emanuel Church, Baltimore, in 1865-66. He then held successive rectorates at St. John's, Portsmouth, Va. (1866-67), Christ Church, Alexandria, Va. (1867-75), Holy Trinity, New York City (1875-$6), and Trinity, New Orleans, La. (188688). Since 1889 he has been rector of the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D. C. He was likewise president of the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies from 1904 to 1907, and has written: A Vindication of Protestant Principles (New York, 1879); The Nature of the Christian Ministry (1880); Future Punishment (1883); Bread in the Desert, and other Sermons (1887); Christ and Modern History (1893); Leo XIII. at the Bar of History (Washington, D. C., 1897); Present Day Problems of Christian Thought (New York, 1900); The Gospel in the Christian Year (1902); The Confederate Soldier, his Motives and Aims (Washington, 1904); and The Problem of the Pentateuch (New York, 1906).