McKINNEY, ALEXANDER HARRIS: Presbyterian; b. in New York City July 28, 1858. He was educated at the College of the City of New York (A.B., 1881), Union Theological Seminary (from which he was graduated in 1886), and New York University (Ph.D., 1891). He taught school in 1881-,83, and has held successive pastorates at Romeyn Chapel, New York City (1886), and Olivet Memorial Church in the same city (1887-99). From 1899 to 1903 he was superintendent of Interdenominational Sunday school Work in New York State, and in 1904 was associate editor of the Westminster Lesson Helps, while since 1905 he has been assistant pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J. In theology he describes his position as that of one "always working toward the beat." He has written: The Bible School Manual (New York, 1898); Bile School Pedagogy (1900); The Child for Christ (Chicago, 1902); After the Primary, What? (1904); and The Pastor and Teacher Training (Nashville, 1905).

MACKINTOSH, CHARLES HENRY: Plymouth Brother; b. in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1820; d. at Cheltenham (7 m. n.e. of Gloucester) Nov. 2, 1896. He was schoolmaster at Westport, County Mayo, Ireland, for a few years. But for the greater part of his life he devoted himself to evangelism and pastoral ministry as well as to religious journalism, as editor of the monthly periodical Things New and Old; and to religious literature. He was the author of the Notes by C. H. M, on all the books of the Pentateuch, which enjoyed great popularity, being sold in enormous quantity, especially in the United States- so that the initials "C. H. M." under which they were issued were very familiar while probably the name they stood for was

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not. Mr. Gladstone commended his English style; Spurgeon, while dissenting from their "Darbyism," commended the Notes, especially the volume on Exodus.

Edward E. Whitfield.

MACKNIGHT, JAMES: Scotch divine and Biblical scholar; b. at Irvine (10 m. n. of Ayr), Ayrshire, Sept. 17, 1721; d. at Edinburgh Jan. 13, 1800. He was educated at the universities of Glas gow and Leyden; preached for a short time at Gorbals, Renfrewahire; was then assistant minister at Kilwinning, Ayrshire; pastor at Maybole, 1753-69; at Jedburgh, 1769-72; and of Lady Yester's Church, Edinburgh, from 1772 till his death. His fame rests chiefly upon his Harmony of the Gospels, in which the Natural Order of each is Preserved, with a Paraphrase arid Notes (2 vols., London, 1756; 7th ed., 1822; Latin transl., 3 vols., Bremen, 1772-79), a work which for over half a century remained the standard. The notes are very copious and make of the work practically a complete life of Christ so far as the knowledge of the period permitted. He also wrote: The Truth of Gospel History (1763; on the evidences for the Gospels); and A New Literal Translation from the Original Greek of all the Apostolical Epistles, with a Commentary and Notes (4 vols., 1795; subsequent editions varying in the number of volumes, those subsequent to 1806 prefaced by a La/'e by his son; 7th ed., 1843). The last-named work was printed both with and without the Greek text.

Bibliography: Besides the Life by his son, ut sup., con sult: 8. A. Al&bone, ,Critical Dictionary of English Litsmture , ii. 1188-89, Philadelphia, 1891 (cites several varying opinions of Macknight's work); DNB, zxxv. 184-18b.