MACKENZIE, CHARLES FREDERICK: Bishop of Central Africa; b. at Portmore (5 m. n. of Peebles), Peeblesshire, Scotland, Apr. 10, 1825; d. on the island of Malo (at the confluence of the Shire and Ruo rivers; 415 m. w.s.w. of Mozambique), British Central Africa, Jan. 31, 1862. He was educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1848; M.A., 1851), and became fellow of Caius College and curate of Haslingfield, Cambridgeshire, in 1851. In 1855 he accompanied J. W. Colenso, bishop of Natal, to Africa. He officiated as priest among the English settlers, first at Durban, and afterward at a post on the Umhlali river. In 1859 he returned to England, but in 1860 he sailed for Cape Town as head of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. There he was consecrated bishop of Central Africa Jan. 1, 1861. He settled at Magomero, in the Manganja territory, and labored there for almost a year. While hurrying to meet Livingstone he fell ill of a fever and died.

Bibliography: H. Goodwin, Memoir of Bishop Mackenzie, London, 1865; Francis Awdry, An Elder Sister: a short Sketch of Annie Mackenzie and her Brother, the Missionary Bishop, London, 1878; DNB, xxxv. 138-138.

MACKENZIE, JOHN KENNETH: Medical missionary; b. at Yarmouth, Eng., Aug. 25, 1850; d. at Tien-tsin, China, Apr. 1, 1888. His education was in a Bristol private school, his conversion took place in one of the Moody and Sankey meetings held in Bristol in 1867, where he had held a clerkship for a couple of years. He then joined the Presbyterian Church. Determining to become a medical missionary he studied at Bristol and London from 1870 to 1874 and went to China under appointment of the London Missionary Society. He opened the medical station at Hankow in 1875 and stayed there till 1879, when from motives of health he moved to Tien-tsin where he conducted the hospital till his death. He was a man of unusual gifts and by his professional skill, his ability to win the confidence of the Chinese, and his devoted life ranks with the best of the missionaries, although his career was so short.

Bibliography: Mrs. Mary Isabella Bryson, John Kenneth

Mackenzie, Medical Missionary in China, London, 1891.

MACKENZIE, WILLIAM DOUGLAS: Congregationalist; b. at Fauresmith (80 m. s.e. of Kimberley), Orange Free Colony, South Africa, July 16, 1859. He was educated at the University of Edin-

116

burgh (M.A., 1881), the Congregational Theological Hall, Edinburgh, and the universities of Göttingen and Marburg (1881,82). He then entered the ministry of his denomination, and held successive pastorates at Montrose, Kincardineshire (1882-1889), and Morningside, Edinburgh (1889-95). From 1895 to 1903 he was professor of systematic theology in Chicago Theological Seminary, and since 1904 has been professor of the same subject and president of Hartford Theological Seminary. He has written: The Ethics of Gambling (London, 1893); The Revelation of the Christ (1893); Christianity and the Progress of Man (Chicago, 1897); South Africa: Its History, Heroes, and Wars (1900); and John Mackenzie, South African Missionary and Statesman (biography of his father; New York, 1902).