Key to Pronunciation

SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION

The following system of transliteration has been used for Hebrew:

א = ' or omitted at the	ז = z	ע = '
beginning of a word.	ח = ḥ	פּ = p
בּ = b	ם = ṭ	פ = ph or p
ב = bh or b	י = y	צ = ẓ
גּ = g	כּ = k	ק = ḳ
ג = gh or g	כ = kh or k	ר = r
דּ = d	ל = l	שׂ = s
ד = dh or d	מ = m	שׁ = sh
ה = h	נ = n	תּ = t
ו = w	ס = s	ת = th or t

The vowels are transcribed by a, e, i, o, u, without attempt to indicate quantity or quality. Arabic and other Semitic languages are transliterated according to the same system as Hebrew. Greek is written with Roman characters, the common equivalents being used.

When the pronunciation is self-evident the titles are not respelled; when by mere division and accentuation it can be shown sufficiently clearly the titles have been divided into syllables, and the accented syllables indicated.

a as in sofa	o as in not	iu as in duration
� " " arm	� " " n or	c = k " " cat
a " " at	u " " full²	ch " " church
ā " " fare	ū " " rule	cw = qu as in queen
e " " pen¹	U " " but	dh (th) " " the
� " " fate	Ū " " burn	f " " fancy
i " " tin	ai " " pine	g (hard) " " go
� " " machine	au " " out	H " " loch (Scotch)
o " " obey	ei " " oil	hw (wh) " " why
ō " " no	iū " " few	j " " jaw

¹In accented syllables only; in unaccented syllables it approximates the sound of e in over. The letter ṇ, with a dot beneath it, indicates the sound of n as in ink. Nasal n (as in French words) is rendered n. ²In German and French names ū approximates the sound of u in dune.