INGHAM, BENJAMIN: The " Yorkshire Evangelist "; b. at Ossett (8 m. s.s.w. of Leeds); Yorkshire, June 11, 1712; d. at Aberford (9 m. e.n.e. of Leeds), Yorkshire, 1772. He studied at the grammar school, Batley, and at Queen's College, Oxford (B.A., 1734), where he became one of the most active members of the little band of Methodists led by John and Charles Wesley. He received epiccopal ordination in 1735, but the following October he sailed with the Wesleys for America, where he spent thirteen months in missionary work. While in America he had been attracted by the Moravians. After a visit to their headquarters at Hermhut, and to Count Zinzendorf at Marienborn, he joined the brotherhood in England and practically became the head of the Moravians in Yorkshire. He preached extensively in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and formed there numerous societies, which he formally transferred to the Moravians in July, 1742. After his marriage in 1741 to Lady Margaret Hastings, sister-in-law of the Countess of Huntingdon, he removed to Aberford, but continued his work as evangelist at large. In 1753 he withdrew from the Moravians, taking with him eighty of the societies founded by him. Thus came into existence the Inghamites. This sect had its conferences, and at one of them Ingham was elected general overseer, or bishop. In 1755 Ingham attended Wesley's conference at Leeds and suggested an amalgamation of his societies with the Methodists. Charles Wesley favored the idea, but John declined Ingham's overtures, and the plan fell through. In 1760 Ingham adopted the views of John Glas and Robert Sandema,n, the founder of the Sandemanians. The bitter controversy which ensued upon this change of doctrine completely disrupted his Church. Out of the eighty-odd societies ruled over by him, only thirteen remained loyal. Most of them joined the Methodists. Ingham published an exposition of his Sandemanian views in A Discourse on the Faith and Hope of the Gospel (Leeds, 1763).

Bibliography: L. Tyerman, The Oxford Methodists, Memories of . . . Ingham, New York, 1873; D.VB, axviii. 434.

INGMAN, ANDERS VILHELM: Finnish Bible translator; b. 1819; d. at Helsingfors Sept. 5, 1877. He was ordained in 1845, and in 1864 was appointed professor of exegetical theology in the University of Helsingfors. As a youth he joined the movement of Finnish pietism which for three decades had animated the Church of Finland, and stood in intimate connection with a national revival which awakened a keen interest in the Finnish language. Ingman was seized by the inspiration of the new movement, and his first literary work was an attempt to translate the first chapters of Thuoydides into Finnish (1841). With F.0. Durahmanhe published a translation of Luther's Hauapostille (2 vols., Helsingfors, 1848-50). As the last Finnish translation of the Bible, dating from 1776, had become antiquated, he published, in 1859, a new translation which has

not yet. been surpassed. In 1868 he began to publish a series of scientific expositions of the Bible, Raamatun eelitykei8 A. W. Ingmanilta (6 vols., 1868-73), which was to serve students of theology and clergymen as a guide for a deeper penetration of the Scripture. He also published in Swedish Uppaattser i bibliskt teologiska dmnen (4 vols., 1865-67); J. T. Becks Theologiska karakter (1866), and Bibliska betraktelser (2 vols., 1868-72).

(J. A. Cederberg.)