2. Uniats

inn people in the neighborhood of Munkdes joined themselves to the Roman Catholic Church, and consecratgd their first bishop in 1655. Count Leopold Kolonics, also an archbishop of Esztergom, with the help of the Jesuits, induced more than 100,000 Greek Catholics of the Rumanian population of Transylvania to enter the union, and at the synod of Gyulafehdrvdr the bishop Theophilus and twelve Greek deacons subscribed to the union which was supported by King Leopold I. (1697), and the bishopric of Fogaras was founded for the united church. Fogaras was raised by Franz Joseph I. in the year 1850 to an 408

archbishopric by the name of Gyulafeh6rv6,r, with the see at Balszsfalva. It has six suffragan bishoprics: Lugos (1850), Szamosujvgr (1850), Grosswardein (Nagyvsrad; 1777), Munks,cs (restored, 1771), Eperles (1816), and Kbros (formed from former Szvidnicz, 1751). There are seven cathedral chapters with 45 canons, 59 archdeacons, 155 deans, 1,361 priests, 731 chaplains, 9 monasteries, 44

monks, 5 seminaries, 228 students, and 34 professors. The legal statue of the Greek Orientals was fixed by law 27 of 1791, when they were given a share in the privileges already granted to the 3. Greek Roman Catholics. Their bishops were Orientals. given a seat in the upper house and lands were also granted to them. The

Church is divided by nationality and speech, consequently since 1861 they have had two metropolitan dioceses. They have two archbishops, eight bishops, 92 archdeacons, 2,311 parishes, 283 chaplains, 2,906 priests, four seminaries, and 28 religious houses with 158 monks. In order to escape from the oppression of the Turks, 38,000 Serviana, with their patriarch, fled to the Hapsburg dominions and were granted ecclesiastical privileges by Leopold I. (1691). The head of the church is the patriarch of Karlowitz, and the governing body is the Servian National

Church congress, consisting of 25 clerical and 50 lay members, elected for three years. Besides the patriarchate there are the following bishoprics: BS,cs Ofen (Buds), Temesvar, Veraecz (all founded 1690), Karlstadt and Pakracz. The Roumanian

Church (independent since 1865) is governed by the national church congress of 30 clerical and 60 lay members, elected for three years. The archbishopric of Hermanstadt (founded by Joseph II., 1780-90; raised to archbishopric, 1864) has two suffragan bishoprics, Arad (founded by Leopold L, 1657-1705) and Karansebes (1865).

II. Protestant Churches: The Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession is divided into two

' bodies, of separate origin historically, z. Lu- and each with an independent constitu therans. tion of its own; the church of the Hungarians, and that of the Tranayl vanian Saxons. The Hungarian Lutheran Church dates from the Reformation. It is divided into four ecclesiastical districts, each with a superintendent and an inspector. Since the time of Maria Theresa (1774) there has been a general meeting of 90-100 members chosen from all the districts. The four districts (each governed by a bishop) are as follows: the Bsnya (see at Budapest); the Cis-Danubian (see at Balassagyarmat); the Trans-Danubian (see at Pspa); and the district of the Theisa (see at Miskolcz). The church has 39 synods, 661 congre gations, with 665 ministers and 169 chaplains, and 1;085,603 communicants. There are three theo logical academies, with 16 professors and 138 stud ents. The communicants are Magyars, Germane, and Slovaks. The church of Transylvania also dates from the Reformation. It consists of one district with its see at Hermanstadt (Nagyszeben).

It has 10 synods, 247 congregations, and 220,362 communicants, all Saxon, with German as their mother tongue. They were called into the country in 1142, were granted many privileges, and have

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kept intact their nationality until the present day. The church was granted religious freedom in 1557, and became independent under the rule of the prince of Transylvania, and kept its autonomy when Tran sylvania was united with Hungary in 1848. It has one theological academy.