HUGHES, JOSHUA PRITCHARD: Church of England, bishop of Llandaff; h. at Llandovery (24 m. e.n.e. of Carmarthen), Carmarthenshire, Wales, Feb. 13, 1847. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford (B.A., 1870), sad was ordered deacon in 1871 and ordained priest in the following year. He

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was curate of Neath, Glamorganshire (1872-77), and vicar of Newcastle, Bridgend, Glamorganshire (1877-84), and of Llantrisant, Glamorganshire (1884-1905), in addition to being chaplain to the bishop of Llandaff from 1900 to 1905. In 1905 he was consecrated bishop of Llandaff.

HUGHES, THOMAS PATRICK: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Henley (near Ludlow, 9 m. w. of Wariwck), Shropshire, England, Mar. 26, 1838. He was educated at Ludlow School, Islington College, and Cambridge University, but did not take a degree. He was ordained priest in 1864, and after being assistant at St. Silas, Islington, London, for a few months in the same year, went to India in 1865. From that year until 1885 he was a missionary of the Church Missionary Society and acting chaplain to the British troops at Peshawar, Afghanistan. He was also president of the Board of Examiners in the Afghan Language from 1875 to 1885, founder and editor of The Church Quarterly in 1882, and associate editor of The Civil arid Military Gazette, Lahore, in 1883. In 1885 he left India for the United States, and was successively rector of St. Savior's, Lebanon Springs, N. Y. (1885,88), assistant rector of All Souls', New York City (1888), rector of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, New York City (1889-1902), and associate rector of the Church of the Epiphany, New York City (1902-03). Since 1905 he has been on the staff of The New York Globe. He has written Poems of Abdur Rahman (Lahore, 1872); Kilid-i-Afghani (1872); Notes on Mohammedanism (London, 1875); Gany-i-Pukhto (Lahore, 1882); Dictionary of Islam (London, 1885); Ruhainah, the Maid of Herat (New York, 1886); American Ancestry (5 vols., Albany, N. Y., 1887-90); Heroic Lives in Foreign Fields (New York, 1895); and The Stage from a Clergyman's Standpoint (1896).

HUGO OF FLEURY (HUGO DE SANCTA MARIA): Historian; d. not before 1118. He first appears as an inmate of the abbey of St. Benedict at Fleury (Saint-Benott_sur-Loire, 20 m. ex.e. of Orléans), in the diocese of Orl(=ans, a famous home of scholarship and learning. Hugo composed the following historical works: (1) Historic ecclesiastica, extant in two editions; the first, in four books, comes down to the death of Charlemagne, and was produced in 1109 ; after Hugo had become acquainted with the Chronographia tripertita of Anastasius Bibliothecarius, he undertook a revised edition, and brought the narrative down to 855; this new edition came out in 1110, and contains six books (in MPL, elxiii. 821,854). (2) Liber qui modernorum regum Francorttm continet adus comprises the time from Charles the Bald (892) to the death of King Philip (1108; MPL, clxiii. 873-912). (3) Historsa Frarh corum brevis, from Lothair, son of Louis the Pious, to 1108 (MPL, clxii. 611-616). Of greater interest than these historical writings, only the second of which has value as a sour, is the treatise dedicated to Henry I. of England, Tractatua de regia potestate et aacerdotali dignitate (MGH, Lib. de lite, ii., 1892, pp. 466-494). The author advocates that the spiritual and the temporal powers shall take joint part in the government of the world, and let both work together peaceably (cf. C. Mirbt, Die Publizistik im Zeitalter Gregors VII., pp. 514-515; Leipsic, 1894). By his Vita S. Sacerdotis episcopi Lemovicensis (d. 530; ASB, May, ii.14-22, MPL, clxiii. 979-1004), and the continuation of the miracles wrought at Fleury by St. Benedict (Les Miracles de Saint Benoit, ed. E. de Certain, Paris, 1858, pp. 357 sqq.) Hugo contributed his portion to aseetic literature. He is reported also to have composed a commentareus super Psalterium.

Carl Mirbt.

Bibliography: Parts of the Hist. eccl., ed. Ci. wait, is in MGM, Script., ix (1851), 337-364, cf. MPL, clxiii. 805-820. Consult: C. Mirbt, Die Wahl Gregora VII., Marburg, 1892; E. Sackur, in NA, xvi (1891), 369-386; H. Böhmer, Stoat and Kirche in England and in der Normandie im 11. and 18. Jahrhunderk pp. 164-168, Leipsic, 1899; KL, vi. 388-389; Neander, Christian Church, iv. 141-142.