HASSE, FRIEDRICH RUDOLF: Germantheolo gian; b. atDresden June 29,1808; d. at BonnOct.14, 1862. He was educated at Leipsic and Berlin, and in 1834 was appointed lecturer in church history at the university of the latter city. In 1836 he was called to Greifswald as assistant professor of church history, and in 1841 he was appointed to a similar office at the University of Bonn. There he com pleted the first volume of his Anselm van Canter bury (2 vols., Leipsic, 1843-52; Eng. transl. of vol. i. The Life of Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, London, 1850), containing the biography of the great English primate; the second part reproduced Anselm's theological system.
Bibliography: W. Krsfft, F. R. Haew, tine Lebensskizze, Bonn, 1865.
HASTINGS, JAMES: United Free Church; b. at Huntly (33 m. n. w. of Aberdeen), Scotland, about 1860; educated at Aberdeen, became pastor of St. Cyrus, Montrose, Kincardineshire, 1901. He edited the Dictionary of the Bible, 5 vols., Edin burgh and New York, 1898-1904; Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, 2 vols., 1906-07; Dictionary of the Bible, 1 vol., 1908; and Dictionary of Re ligion and Ethics, 1908 sqq. He is the editor of The Expository Times.
HASTINGS, THOMAS: Composer of sacred music; b. in Washington, Conn., Oct. 15, 1784; d. in New York City May 15, 1872. In early youth he taught himself music, and began his career as a teacher in singing-schools in 1806, and as an editor in 1816: With Prof. Seth Norton, of Hamilton College, he published two pamphlets (1816), afterward en larged, and united with the Springfield Collection in a volume entitled Musica Sacra. From 1823 to 1832 he was the editor of The Western Recorder, a religious paper published at Utica. In 1832, at the call of twelve churches, he removed to the city of New York. Before leaving Utica he had begun to write hymns, impelled by the lack of variety, espe cially in meter, in those then current, and by the need of adapting suitable words to the music he arranged. In the Spiritual Songs (1832) there are more than thirty of his hymns published anony mously. Among these are some of the best that he wrote; such as, How calm and beautiful the morn l; Gently, Lord, oh gently lead us; Child of sin and sorrow. The popularity of these first attempts led him to continue and cultivate the habit thus early begun. About two hundred of his hymns are in current use, and he left in manuscript about four hundred more. His music, with that of Lowell Mason, did important service in the Church, and marks in America the transition period between the crude and the more cultured periods of psalmody. His cardinal principle was that in church music the artistic must be strictly subordinated to the devo tional. In 1858 the University of the City of New York conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Music. The following is a list of his publications: Musiea Sacra (Utica, 1816-22); The Musical Reader (1819); A Dissertation on Musical Taste (Albany, 1822; re vised and republished, New York, 1853); Spiritual Songs (Lowell Mason coeditor, Utica, 1832-36);
Prayer (1831); The Christian Psalmist (William Patton coeditor, New York, 1836); Anthems, Motets, and Sentences (1836); Musical Magazine (24 numbers, 1837-38); The Manhattan Collection (1837); Elements of Vocal Music (1839); Nursery Songs, The Mother's Hymn-book, The Sacred Lyre (1840); Juvenile Songs (1842); The Crystal Fount (1847); The Sunday-school Lyre (1848). With William B. Bradbury as joint editor from 1844 to 1851: The Psalmodist (1844); The Choralist (1847); The Mendelssohn Collection (1849); The Psalmists (1851); Devotional Hymns and Poems (1850); The History of Forty Choirs (1854); Sacred Praise, The Selah (1856); Church Melodies (1858); Hastings' Church Music (1860); Introits, or Short Anthems (1865). He also edited, for the American Tract Society, Sacred Songs (1855) and Songs of Zion (1856), and for the Presbyterian Church, The Presbyterian Paalmodist (1852) and The Juvenile Psalmodist.
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