GRIMME, HUBERT- Swiss lay Orientalist; b. at Paderbom (75 m. n.e. of Elberfeld), Germany, Jan. 24, 1864. He was educated at the University of Berlin (Ph. D., 1887), and, after teaching at the real-school of Lippstadt in 1888-89, accepted a call to the newly founded University of Freiburg a's privat-docent. Since 1892 he has been full professor of Semitic languages and literatures in the same institution. He has written Mohammed (2 vols., Münster, 1892-95); Grundzuge der hebraischen Akzent- and Vokallehre (Freiburg, 1896); Psalmenprobleme (1902); Die weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung Arabiens (Munich, 1904); and Das israelitische I'fingstfest und der Plejadenkult, Paderbom, 1907.

GRINDAL, EDMUND: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. near St. Bees (26 m. s.w. of Carlisle), Cumberland, c. 1519; d. at Croydon (10 m. s. of London Bridge) July 6, 1583. He was educated at Magdalen College, Christ's College, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge (B.A., 1538; M.A., 1541, D.D., 1564), where he was made a fellow in 1538, proctor of the university in 1548, and Lady Margaret's preacher in 1549. He was selected to argue on the Protestant side in one of the disputations held at Cambridge in 1549 and was afterward employed in such disputations elsewhere. In 1850 he became chaplain to Nicholas Ridley, bishop of London, in 1551 precentor of St. Paul's and chaplain to Edward VI., and in 1552 prebendary of Westminster. On the accession of Queen Mary he abandoned his preferments and took refuge in Germany, spending his exile at Strasburg, Wasselheim, Speyer, and Frankfort. He returned to London in Jan., 1559, took part in revising the liturgy, and also in the disputation held at Westminster to silence the Roman divines. In July, 1559, he was elected master of Pembroke Hall, and in the same month bishop of London. His sympathy for the Puritans unfitted him for the government of the diocese of London, the main stronghold of Puritanism, and in 1570, through the influence of Archbishop Parker, he was translated to the see of York. Early in 1576, when Queen Elizabeth was temporarily leaning toward Puritanism, Grindal succeeded Parker as archbishop of Canterbury; but immediately after his elevation Elizabeth, who

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had now begun to court the favor of the Roman Catholic powers, found him in her, way and sought to get rid of him. For refusing to put down "prophesying.," meetings of the clergy to discuss the Scriptures, he was sequestered for six months in June, 1577, by order of the Star Chamber. His sequestration was subsequently prolonged to several years, and he was not fully restored to his office till 1582. His writings will be found in The Remains of Edmund Grindal (ed. for the Parker Society by W. Nicholson, Cambridge, 1843).

Bibliography: J. Strype, Life and Ads of . . . Edmund Grindal, 2 parts, London, 1710; idem, Annals of the Reformation, 4 vols., Oxford, 1824; W. Nicholson's Preface to the Remains, ut sup.; C. H. Cooper, Athena; Cantabrigienses, i. 470-480, London, 1858; W. F. Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, new nor., vol. v., 12 vols., ib. 1860-78; W. Clark, The Anglican Reformation, pp. 315-324 et passim, New York, 1897; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, i. 448-472, London, 1897; W. H. Frere, The English Chw·h . . . 1668-IB86, passim, ib. 1904 (very full); DNB, axii. 261-264.