GRILL, JULIUS VON: German Protestant; b. at Gaildorf (32 m. n.e. of Stuttgart) July 10, 1840. He was educated at the universities of Tübingen (1858-62; Ph.D., 1873) and Heidelberg (1865-66), and visited London, Oxford, and Paris for purposes of study (1865-66). He was lecturer at the theologicakseminary at Tübingen (1867-70), deacon in Calw (1870-76), and a deputy member of the Halle conference for the revision of Luther's translation of the Old Testament (1871). In 1876 he was appointed professor at the seminary of Maulbronn, and four years later was made ephor of the same institution. Since 1888 he has been professor of Old Testament exegesis at Tübingen.

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He has written Der ochtundsechzigate Psalm erkM (Tübingen, 1883); Untersuchungen über die Entstehung des vlerten Evangeliums, i. (1902); Die persisAe Myaterienretigion in römischen Reich und das Christentum (1903); and Das Primat des Petrus (1904); and has edited the Sanskrit drama of Narayana Bhatta entitled Venaaamhdra (Leipsic, 1871) and translated Hundert Lieder des Atharva-Veda (Stuttgart, 1889).

GRIMM, JOSEPH: German Roman Catholic; b. at Freising (20 m. n.e. of Munich) Jan. 23, 1827; d. at Würzburg Jan. 1, 1896. He studied at the University of Munich, became a teacher in 1852, and a chaplain two years later. In 1856 he was appointed professor of Old and New Testament exegesis in the royal lyceum at Regensburg, but in 1879 was called to Würzburg as professor of New Testament exegesis. He was the author of Die Samariter und ihre Steddung in der Weltgeschichte (Regensburg, 1854); Die Einheit des Lukasevangeliuma (1863); Die Einheit der vier Evangelien (1868); Das Leben Jesu each den vier Evangelien (5 vols., 1876-85); and Das alte Israel und die badeaden Künste (1889).

Bibliography: H. Schell and A. FJarhard, Gedenk-Bldtter zu Ehren des Dr. Joseph Grimm W iirzburg, 1897.

GRIMM, KARL LUDWIG WILIBALD: Professor of theology at Jena; b. at Jena Nov. 1, 1807; d. there Feb. 22, 1891. He studied from 1827 to 1831 at Jena, where he became privatdocent in 1833. He was appointed extraordinary professor in 1837, and honorary professor in 1844. Most of his life was spent at Jena, where he labored (church councilor from 1871, privy church councilor 1885) until, in 1888, at the age of eighty-one, he lost his eyesight. His was the quiet life of a scholar, reverenced by his many pupils as prceceptor Thurin&.

Grimm's field of labor was the New Testament, although he also treated in his lectures theological encyclopedia (cf. ZWT, xxv., 1882, pp. 1-24), symbolics, and dogmatics-the latter on the basis of his Institutio theologies dogmatieae (Jena, 1848; 2d ed., 1869), which was composed in excellent Latin. Grimm broke his work up into various essays, which he published in periodicals, treating, in part, historical and critical questions of isagogics, in part, again, in an exegetical way, detached Biblical passages. His two principal works are the Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zu den Apokryphen des Alten Testaments, in collaboration with O. F. Fritzsche, for which he prepared the Books of the Maccabees (Leipsic, 1853-57) and Wisdom (1860; of. ZWT, xvii., 1874, pp. 231-238; six., 1876, pp. 121-132; xxiv., 1881, pp. 38-56); and his Lexicon gra:co-Winum in lzros Novi TestameWi (Leipsic, 1867, 1878, 1888), which he prepared on the basis of Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti philoIiogica (Eng. transl., with valuable additions, by J. H. Thayer, New York, 1886, 1889). What the older philological labor had achieved for the New Testament is here coordinated; and although the progress of modern times calls for a New Testament lexicon upon totally new foundations, Grimm's work will always retain an honorable place in the history of sacred philology (cf. Grimm's Kri.-

tischrhwtoruche Uebersicht der neutestementlwAen Verbauexica seit der Reformation, in TSK, 1875, pp. 479-515, and 1877, pp. 512-513; also his review of Woaai's Cluvis, TSK, 1858, pp. 368 sqq., and of Cremer's Bibliwi-theology cUs Worterbuch, TSK, 1884, pp. 581-589). Grimm also took part in the revision of Luther's translation of the Bible (cf. his LvdAerbtbel und ihre Texlesrevdaion, Berlin, 1874; Kurzgefasste Geschichte der tuthertschen BiUvber setaung, Jena, 1884; ZWT, xv., 1872, pp. 521-528; TSK, 1883, pp. 375-400). His theological stand point was one of circumspect supernaturalism, while all his works were characterized by great painstaking, breadth of scholarship, and rare philo logical acumen.

E. von Dobschutz.

Bibliography: Protestantische Kirchenwittung, 1883, nos. 19-20, 1891, nos. 9-10; H. J. Holtmmann, Einleitung in day N. T., paa4m, Freiburg, 1892.