BROUSSON, brū"sōn', CLAUDE: French Protestant; b. at Nîmes 1647; executed at Montpellier Nov. 4, 1698. He practised as a lawyer at Castres, Castelnaudary, and, after 1679, in Toulouse, and employed his talent with courage and self-sacrifice to defend his coreligionists against the rigorous measures of the government. In 1683 he was compelled to leave France and lived for a time in Lausanne. He visited Berlin and Holland to bring about a coalition between the Protestant princess against Louis XIV. In 1689 he returned to France and traveled through the southern part of the country admonishing and exhorting his brethren, though a price was put on his head, and he was hunted by the officials like a beast of prey.

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In 1693 he again retired to Lausanne, and was ordained there (1694). In 1695 he reentered France through Sédan, and visited most of the Reformed congregations north of the Loire, finally escaping through Franche-Comté into Switzerland. Once more, in 1697, he visited France, but was caught at Oloron, and sentenced to death by strangling. Among his works, of which a list is given in La France protestante, vol. iii., the most prominent are: État des réformés de France (The Hague, 1685); La Manne mystique du désert (Amsterdam, 1695); Lettres pastorales sur le cantique des cantiques (Delft, 1697).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. Borrel, Biographie de C. Brousson, Nimes, 1852; H. S. Baynes, The Evangelist of the Desert. Life of C. Brousson, London, 1853.

BROWN, ARTHUR JUDSON: Presbyterian; b. at Holliston, Mass., Dec. 3, 1856. He was educated at Wabash College (B.A., 1880) and Lane Theological Seminary (1883). He was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1883, and held successive pastorates at Ripon, Wis. (1883-1884), First Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Ill. (1884-88), and First Presbyterian Church, Portland, Ore. (1888-95). Since 1895 he has been one of the secretaries of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. In addition to numerous contributions to periodicals, he has written The New Era in the Philippines (Chicago, 1903) and New Forces in Old China (1904).

BROWN, CHARLES REYNOLDS: Congregationalist; b. at Bethany, W. Va., Oct. 1, 1862. He was graduated from the University of Iowa (B.A., 1883; M.A., 1886) and the School of Theology of Boston University (1889). He was pastor of Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church, Cincinnati, O. (1889-92); of Winthrop Congregational Church, Boston (1892-96); since 1896 he has been pastor of the First Congregational Church, Oakland, Cal. He was special lecturer on ethics in Leland Stanford University in 1900-06, Lyman Beecher lecturer at Yale in 1905-06, and lecturer on ethics in Mills College in 1906-08. In 1897 he made a tour of Egypt and Palestine, and has been president of the board of trustees of Mills College since 1902 and a director of the Oakland Associated Charities since 1899, and chairman of the committee for the reconstruction of the San Francisco churches after the earthquake of 1906. In theology he is a liberal, and in addition to pamphlets and sermons, has written Two Parables (Chicago, 1898); The Main Points: A Study in Christian Belief (San Francisco, 1899); and The Social Message of the Modern Pulpit (Yale lectures, New York, 1906).