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Page 474
Touseain THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 474 , '
Paris), 1499; d. at Montb6liard (36 m. w. of Basel) the Methodist Episcopal ministry, 1864; was pro
Oct. 5, 1573. Educated at Metz, Basel, Cologne, fessor of Hebrew, Chaldee, and New-Testament ~ '
Paris, and Rome, he became a canon of Metz in Greek at Boston University, 1868-70; of historical ;
1515, where he first heard of Protestant doctrines, theology there, 1872; of practical theology and
and, being suspected of adherence to them, he was sacred rhetoric, 1872-93; and since then emeritus
forced to flee to Basel. After a sojourn at Paris, he professor. Of his works may be mentioned
Credo '
attempted to introduce the new doctrines into Metz, (Boston, 1869);
The Sword and Garment
(1871);
only to be imprisoned at Pont b, Mousson. On Mar.
God-Man
(1872);
Lost Forever
(1874);
Arena and ' '
11, 1526, deprived of his benefice, he was expelled
Throne
(1874);
The Supernatural Factor in Religious
from Metz. He now returned to Paris, where he
Revivals
(1877);
The Intermediate World
(1878);
s "
became an almoner of Margaret of Navarre, but in
Bible Theology and Modern Thought
(1883);
Evolu
1531 was again obliged to flee from France. After
tion or Creation,
(Chicago and New York, 1896) ;
visiting Zwingli in Zurich, Gillaume Farel in Grand-
Story
of
Jonah in the Light
of
Higher Criticism
(1897);
son, and Simon Sulzer in Basel, he went to Witten-
Anastasis
(1902);
God's Goodness and Severity, or
berg. While in Tiibingen on his return, he gladly
Endless Punishment
(1903);
Adam and Eve-His
accepted the invitation of Duke Ulrich of Wiirt-
tort' or Myth
(1904);
Collapse
of
Evolution
(1905);
temberg to continue the Reformation begun by
God and the Nation
(1905);
The Deluge-History
Johann Gayling and Farel in Montb6liard. Within
or Myth
(1907); and
Bible Inspiration
(1909).
.: t
four years (1535-39) Protestantism was definitely TOWNSEND, WILLIAM JOHN: English Meth
established, the mass was abolished, and the moat r
t
of the canons retired to Besangon. Toussain be- odist; b. at Newcastle-upon-Tyne ,fan. 20, 1835.
came the head of the new ecclesiastical organiza- He was educated at Percy Street Academy in his
tion, which, being French and Swiss in character, native city, and was then engaged in business for
became involved in serious controversies with the several years, after which he studied for the min
German chaplains of Count Christopher of Wurt- istry of the Methodist New Connection for a year i
temberg, who took up his residence at Montb6liard (18590) under James Stacey, of Sheffield. He
I- t i
in 1542. As a result he retired to Basel, 1545-46, was minister of various churches of his depomina
but returned to Montb6liard when the difficulty tion in Birmingham, Manchester, Leicester, Ches- '
was finally adjusted. He was one of the few clergy ter, Halifax, Stockport, and Newcastle until 1886,
undisturbed during the interim (1548-52), and on when he became president of the Methodist New , .
the second suppression of the Roman Catholics in Connection Conference, as well as general mission
Montb6liard in 1552 he resumed his position as su- ar5' secretary of the same body, a position which he
perintendent at the head of the Protestant clergy. hid until 1891. In addition to the pastoral work
In 1559, under the guardians of the new count, which he then resumed in Birmingham and London,
Frederick, the Wurttemberg agenda were intro- he was editor of the
Methodist New Connexion
in
duced, but the stubborn resistance of Toussain and 189`97 and was reappointed in 1902. In theology '~,
his clergy forced the count's guardians to make he " holds generally by Evangelical Christianity
r, ,
concessions, especially to permit the use of Toussain's as expounded by leading modern Methodist theo
liturgy for the time being. In 1568, however, all logians," and " has views on inspiration and the
pastors who refused to adopt the Wurttemberg last things which differ from a hard and mechanical
agenda were deposed. When, in 1571 Jakob An- mew of inspiration, or an arbitrary view of future
drew (q.v.) was sent by the Wurttemberg govern- retribution. He has written
The Great Schoolmen r
ment to Montb6liard, the clergy were strictly ex- of
the Middle Ages
(London, 1880)
; Robert Morri
amined, Daniel Toussain (q.v.), the reformer's son,
son, the Pioneer
of
Chinese Missions
(1888);
Alex
was banished, and his father was pensioned and
ander Kilham, the First Methodist Reformer
(1890);
replaced by a Lutheran. All the clergy who pro-
Reminiscences and Memorials
of
Rev. James Stacey,
fessed either Zwinglianism or Calvinism were grad-
D.D.
(1891);
Madagascar, its Missionaries and
ually removed, and the Tiibingen dogmas were
Martyrs (1892); Strength perfected in Weakness
enforced. Strict in life, Evangelical in spirit,
Tous- (1893); Handbook of Christian Doctrine (1897);
sain was a model pastor and wise organizer. His
Handbook to the Methodist New Connexion (1899);
! I
sole literary production was
L'Ordre qu'on tient en Life of Oliver Cromwell (1899); The Great Symbols
l'6glise de Montb4liard en instruisant les enfans, et (1901); History of Popular Education in England
administrant les saints sacramens suet la forms du and Wales (1903); As a King ready to the Battle
I
mariage et des pri&es (1559),
of which only a single
(1904); The Story of Methodist Union (1906);
and
copy seems to exist. (Joan
VWNOT.)
A New History of Methodism (1909;
in collaboration
BIBLIOGRAPHY: J.
Vi6not, Hiat.
de
la Worme dana to t'at's '
de Montbgliard,
2 vole., Montb6liard, 1903.
TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL: Theist;, b. at
Norfolk, Va., Mar.
23, 1836.
He was educated at
TOWNSEND, LUTHER TRACY: Methodist the University of Virginia (A.M.,
1856)
after which
Episcopal; b. at Orono, Me., Sept.
27, 1838.
He he taught three years
(1856-59),
and studied for a
t
spent his early life in New Hampshire; studied at year
(1$59-60)
at the Southern Baptist Theological
New Hampshire Conference Seminary; was grad- Seminary, Greenville, S. C. He was professor of
uated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., Greek in Richmond College, Richmond, Va., in
1859;
from Andover Theological Seminary, Mass.,
1861,
but left to enter the Confederate Army, in f
1862·
served as private and adjutant of the Six- which he served until
1863.
In
1864-65
he was
I
teenth New Hampshire regiment,
1862-63;
entered professor in the University of Alabama, and after
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