[Image]  [Hi-Res Image]

Page 474

I

Touseain THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 474 , '

Tract

Paris), 1499; d. at Montb6liard (36 m. w. of Basel) the Methodist Episcopal ministry, 1864; was pro

Oct. 5, 1573. Educated at Metz, Basel, Cologne, fessor of Hebrew, Chaldee, and New-Testament ~ '

Paris, and Rome, he became a canon of Metz in Greek at Boston University, 1868-70; of historical ;

1515, where he first heard of Protestant doctrines, theology there, 1872; of practical theology and

and, being suspected of adherence to them, he was sacred rhetoric, 1872-93; and since then emeritus

forced to flee to Basel. After a sojourn at Paris, he professor. Of his works may be mentioned Credo '

attempted to introduce the new doctrines into Metz, (Boston, 1869); The Sword and Garment (1871);

only to be imprisoned at Pont b, Mousson. On Mar. God-Man (1872); Lost Forever (1874); Arena and ' '

11, 1526, deprived of his benefice, he was expelled Throne (1874); The Supernatural Factor in Religious

from Metz. He now returned to Paris, where he Revivals (1877); The Intermediate World (1878); s "

became an almoner of Margaret of Navarre, but in Bible Theology and Modern Thought (1883); Evolu

1531 was again obliged to flee from France. After tion or Creation, (Chicago and New York, 1896) ;

visiting Zwingli in Zurich, Gillaume Farel in Grand- Story of Jonah in the Light of Higher Criticism (1897);

son, and Simon Sulzer in Basel, he went to Witten- Anastasis (1902); God's Goodness and Severity, or

berg. While in Tiibingen on his return, he gladly Endless Punishment (1903); Adam and Eve-His

accepted the invitation of Duke Ulrich of Wiirt- tort' or Myth (1904); Collapse of Evolution (1905);

temberg to continue the Reformation begun by God and the Nation (1905); The Deluge-History

Johann Gayling and Farel in Montb6liard. Within or Myth (1907); and Bible Inspiration (1909). .: t

four years (1535-39) Protestantism was definitely TOWNSEND, WILLIAM JOHN: English Meth

established, the mass was abolished, and the moat r t

of the canons retired to Besangon. Toussain be- odist; b. at Newcastle-upon-Tyne ,fan. 20, 1835.

came the head of the new ecclesiastical organiza- He was educated at Percy Street Academy in his

tion, which, being French and Swiss in character, native city, and was then engaged in business for

became involved in serious controversies with the several years, after which he studied for the min

German chaplains of Count Christopher of Wurt- istry of the Methodist New Connection for a year i

temberg, who took up his residence at Montb6liard (18590) under James Stacey, of Sheffield. He I- t i

in 1542. As a result he retired to Basel, 1545-46, was minister of various churches of his depomina

but returned to Montb6liard when the difficulty tion in Birmingham, Manchester, Leicester, Ches- '

was finally adjusted. He was one of the few clergy ter, Halifax, Stockport, and Newcastle until 1886,

undisturbed during the interim (1548-52), and on when he became president of the Methodist New , .

the second suppression of the Roman Catholics in Connection Conference, as well as general mission

Montb6liard in 1552 he resumed his position as su- ar5' secretary of the same body, a position which he

perintendent at the head of the Protestant clergy. hid until 1891. In addition to the pastoral work

In 1559, under the guardians of the new count, which he then resumed in Birmingham and London,

Frederick, the Wurttemberg agenda were intro- he was editor of the Methodist New Connexion in

duced, but the stubborn resistance of Toussain and 189`97 and was reappointed in 1902. In theology '~,

his clergy forced the count's guardians to make he " holds generally by Evangelical Christianity r, ,

concessions, especially to permit the use of Toussain's as expounded by leading modern Methodist theo

liturgy for the time being. In 1568, however, all logians," and " has views on inspiration and the

pastors who refused to adopt the Wurttemberg last things which differ from a hard and mechanical

agenda were deposed. When, in 1571 Jakob An- mew of inspiration, or an arbitrary view of future

drew (q.v.) was sent by the Wurttemberg govern- retribution. He has written The Great Schoolmen r

ment to Montb6liard, the clergy were strictly ex- of the Middle Ages (London, 1880) ; Robert Morri

amined, Daniel Toussain (q.v.), the reformer's son, son, the Pioneer of Chinese Missions (1888); Alex

was banished, and his father was pensioned and ander Kilham, the First Methodist Reformer (1890);

replaced by a Lutheran. All the clergy who pro- Reminiscences and Memorials of Rev. James Stacey,

fessed either Zwinglianism or Calvinism were grad- D.D. (1891); Madagascar, its Missionaries and

ually removed, and the Tiibingen dogmas were Martyrs (1892); Strength perfected in Weakness

enforced. Strict in life, Evangelical in spirit, Tous- (1893); Handbook of Christian Doctrine (1897);

sain was a model pastor and wise organizer. His Handbook to the Methodist New Connexion (1899); ! I

sole literary production was L'Ordre qu'on tient en Life of Oliver Cromwell (1899); The Great Symbols

l'6glise de Montb4liard en instruisant les enfans, et (1901); History of Popular Education in England

administrant les saints sacramens suet la forms du and Wales (1903); As a King ready to the Battle I

mariage et des pri&es (1559), of which only a single (1904); The Story of Methodist Union (1906); and

copy seems to exist. (Joan VWNOT.) A New History of Methodism (1909; in collaboration

with others).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. Vi6not, Hiat. de la Worme dana to t'at's '

de Montbgliard, 2 vole., Montb6liard, 1903. TOY, CRAWFORD HOWELL: Theist;, b. at

Norfolk, Va., Mar. 23, 1836. He was educated at

TOWNSEND, LUTHER TRACY: Methodist the University of Virginia (A.M., 1856) after which

Episcopal; b. at Orono, Me., Sept. 27, 1838. He he taught three years (1856-59), and studied for a t

spent his early life in New Hampshire; studied at year (1$59-60) at the Southern Baptist Theological

New Hampshire Conference Seminary; was grad- Seminary, Greenville, S. C. He was professor of

uated from Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., Greek in Richmond College, Richmond, Va., in

1859; from Andover Theological Seminary, Mass., 1861, but left to enter the Confederate Army, in f

1862· served as private and adjutant of the Six- which he served until 1863. In 1864-65 he was I

teenth New Hampshire regiment, 1862-63; entered professor in the University of Alabama, and after

I

_ . mr _r - smuu .uwraama-~nmuram,vmxmamwmrmcmvnv>~.n~.rnv ramr~,saFr -.r . .. t . L

... ,I . lil

I:, i,,

I

I

t

1?: .I.

I

1r.

tl

I

t

1

7'

I·

7

I

li

II

I

F

I

Y

I·I

I

Ilr

tf

to it

s I z

I Ill !

t: t'.

i,'

I..:

IIi

d I

m

iS

P I

3,

I i

c t~

i z

i

r..

I

w t z.

L,

r',l

: I i.rl I

s I,

2

d

t.

I I

S I

y" k. 1.

I

I

9w, I

S

I' I

1 r

'f =fIs

t s:

r Ifi

I' i

f

s

i'

I

`n

I

I>`

t:

t a

f.

I i

f'. I t

I CI1

I ~ It

F I,

k. 1

I

t

~r

4,

I

a.

I 1,

4

t'

i, & »· I

I

f

I

a .I! ! i s

1

,'

0

.I

I I

h"9" I Plt d It r