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Toledo Tolstoy heathenism under penalty of a year's suspension and excommunication. Chapter iii. decrees for sodomy the penalties of deposition and banishment for life upon clericals; and the old law in general for that offense enforcing exclusion from all communion with Christians, scourging with rods, and banish ment, is retained. Chapter ix. deposes, excom municates, stripe of all property, and banishes Archbishop Sisbert of Toledo, who plotted against the life of the king and his children. (17) On Nov. 9, 694, a national synod met under the same king, on account of a Jewish conspiracy. Of its eight chapters, the fifth imposes anathematization and excommunication on priests who said masses for the dead in behalf of the living that they might soon die. Chapter viii. ordains that Jews who had ac cepted baptism, as it proved by appearance only, and revolted should lose their property and become slaves forever; their children must be taken from them at the age of seven and later be married to Christians. (18) The acts of a general synod about 701 are lost; they are probably destroyed by clerical fanatics through hatred of Witiza, a king of the grossest licentiousness, who declared the law of celibacy abolished, and whose sons afterward brought in the Saracens, which terminates this period. (FR.ANZ GZSRR.E6.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. Helfferieh, Entstehung and Geschichte des Weatgothen-Rechts, Berlin, 1858; C. Perez Pastor, La Imprenta en Toledo, Madrid, 1887; Simonet, El Concilio 111. de Toledo, ib. 1891; J. Moraleda y Esteban, Legendas historical de Toledo, Toledo, 1892; J. Jacobs, Sources of Spanish-Jewish Hist., London, 1895; H. Lynch, Toledo, London, 1898; J. L6pez de Ayala, Toledo en el siplo xvi., Madrid, 1901; L. Williams, Toledo and Madrid, London, 1903; F. G&rres, in ZyVT, xl. 2, pp. 284-298, Al. 270-322, xlv. 41-72, xlvi. 524-553, xlviii. 1, pp. 98-111; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, vole, ii.-iii. passim, and the Eng. and Fr, transls.; DCA, ii. 1988-72; JE, xii. 176-182; and the literature under SPAIN, particularly the works of Gams, Lembke, and Leclereq.

TOLEDOTH YESHU (" Generations (i.e., History] of Jesus "): A Jewish anti-Christian medieval apocryphal polemic made up of fragmentary Talmudic legends, which pretends to be a life of Jesus, but is in reality a clumsy and stupid fiction of-unknown authorship. There are two widely different recensions. J. C. Wagenseil published a Latin translation of one in his Tela ignea Satante (Altdorf, 1681), and J. J. Huldrich of the other, in his His toria Jeschuce Nazareni a Jvdwis blaspheme corrupts (Leyden, 1705). According to the first, Jesus was b. in the reign of Jannaeua (106-179 D.C.); according to the second, 74-70 B.C.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: R. Clemens, Die geheimpehaltenen oder aogenannten apokryphischen Evangel%en, part v., Stuttgart, 1850; R. Alm, Die Urtheile headniacher and ja2diaeher SchriJtsleller der vier ersten christlichen Jahrhunderte 11ber Jesus and die ersten Christen, Leipaic, 1884; G. Roach, in TSIC, 1877, pp. 77-115; S. Baring-Could, The Lost and Hostile Gospels, pp. 78-115, London, 1874; JE, vii. 170173.

TOLERATION. See LIBERTY, RELIGIOUS.

TOLERATION, ACT OF: A statute passed by the English parliament in the first year of the reign of William and Mary (May 24, 1689) to relieve the legal disabilities of Protestant dissenters. The stated purpose of the act was to bring about union of English Protestants. It first restricted the ap-

THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 482

plication of laws against non-conformity passed in the reigns of Elizabeth, James L, Charles. L, and Charles II. (see ENGLAND, CHURCH OF, IL, § § 1-6; UNIFORMITY, ACTS OF). Protestant dissenters, upon taking the oaths of allegiance and supremacy (which might be required by any justice of the peace), were not to be subject to legal action, either civil or ecclesiastical, under the laws noted above against attending " conventicles." But meetings behind locked doors were forbidden, and the payment of tithes and parochial duties was still obligatory. Even those who refused the oaths named might hold certain offices, but the duties were to be performed by deputies. Dissenting ministers who took the oath were exempt from jury duties and from holding parochial offices. Quakers might make affirmation of loyalty; but " Papists " and those who denied the doctrine of the Trinity were excepted from the benefits of the act. Protection to the worship of dissenters was furnished by providing penalties for those who should " disturb or disquiet " such worship. But the place of worship was to be certified to the bishop of the diocese, the archdeacon of the archdeaconry, or the justice of the peace having jurisdiction in the place. Thus a good beginning was made toward liberty of worship and conscience, though a long list of legislative acts was required to attain the present degree of liberty enjoyed by English subjects. The statute known as 53 George III., chap. 160, extended the benefits of the Act of Toleration to Unitarians; 18 George III., chap. 60, 31 George III., chap. 32, and 43 George III., chap. 30, removed the disabilities of Roman Catholics; the " Catholic Emancipation Act," 10 George IV., chap. 7, restored to Roman Catholics all civil rights; and 2-3 William IV., chap. 115, put Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters on the same footing. Roman Catholics and Jews were admitted to full constitutional rights by 7-8 Victoria, chap. 102, and 9-10 Victoria, chap. 59. Still other statutes were required for various details, such as regulation of marriages performed by dissenting ministers (19-20 Victoria, chap. 119).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The text of the act is in Gee and Hardy, Documents, pp. 854-664. Consult J. H. Overton, The Church %n England, ii. 178-179, London, 1897.

TOLET, FRANCIS: Jesuit writer; b. in Cordova Oct. 4, 1532; d. at Rome Sept. 14, 1596. After studying at Salamanca, he became, in 1555, doctor of theology, and teacher of philosophy there, and later at Rome. He entered the Jesuit order in 1558; became court preacher to Pius V., in 1569, and remained such till 1593. A succession of pokes held him in the highest esteem; and employed him in diplomatic offices. Clement VIII. made him cardinal, 1593; he was the first Jesuit to receive this honor. Sixtus V. and Clement VIII. appointed him one of the laborers upon the new edition of the Vulgate. Among Tolet's numerous commentaries and philosophical works are Introductio in, dialecticam Aristotelis (Rome, 1561); Instructio sacerdotum de sePtem peccatis mortalibus (1601), which was translated into French and Spanish, and has frequently appeared under the title Summa casuum conscienlzce. A collection of philosophical works appeared (Lyons, 1587).