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of 1849, the Harmony not included. An octavo edition (1850) followed without commentary, with five changed readings, and with variations from the textus reeeptus. The Triglottum Greece Latine Germanice (1854) deviates, in the Greek text, from the edition of 1849 more frequently than that of 1850, especially in Matthew (sixteen times). Under the texts are variants of the textus receptus as well as noteworthy readings of other editors. The text of the Vulgate is critically revised according to the best manuscripts, in particular, Codex Amiatinus and Codex Fuldensis, the variations in the editio Clementine and in the above codices being given under the text. Special care is given to the edition of Luther's translation; the edition of 1545 is followed but earlier editions are also considered. A Synopsis evsngelica (harmony) appeared (1851). Soon after completing the edition of 1849, Tischendorf undertook a version of the Septuagint, and the apocryphal New Testament. He went in the autumn of 1849 to Paris, London, and Oxford, and besides comparing anew the Codex Claramontanus, and making a transcript of the papyrus fragments of the Psalms in London, he devoted himself in particular to a comparison of the manuscripts of the New-Testament Apocrypha. He did not venture to give his own recession of the text of the Septuagint; but contented himself with appending to a much improved reprint of the text of the Sixtine the variants of the Codex Alexandrines, the Codex Ephr rsemi, and the Codex Friderico-Augustanus (1850). The prolegomena contained valuable studies on the history of the text of the Septuagint. While waiting on the king of Saxony for the means to make a three-years' journey for the discovery and study of sources for the Septuagint, he published the De evangelicorum apocryplaorum origine et use, a prize essay for " The Hague Society for the Defence of the Christian Religion," published in Yerhandelingen, part xii. (Leyden, 1851); Acta apostolorum apocrypha (Leipsie, 1851); and Evangelic apocrypha (1853). Tischendorf undertook a second oriental journey in Jan., 1853. He at once visited the Convent of St. Catherine on Sinai, but could not find the manuscript seen in 1844, and concluded that it had been taken to Europe, probably England. He found only a scrap of the codex, containing a few verses of Gen. xxiii. as a boob-mark in a codex of a history of the saints. He brought back with him sixteen palimpsests, some of considerable extent, several Greek uncial manuscripts, and a series of papyrus fragments in various languages, all of which were noted in the Anecdote and most of them deposited later at St. Petersburg and published in Monuments, nova collectio. In the introduction to vol. i., he announces the lost manuscript and claims, if found, the credit of its recovery. The vacations of 1854-57 were spent in researches in European libraries. A new edition of the Greek New Testament was under way. His aim was not only to construct consistently his critical apparatus which was more nearly perfected since 1849, but also a new critical elaboration of the Greek New Testament, the editio septims major (1859), accompanied by a septims minor. This recession deviates least from the textus reeeptes.

In Jan., 1859, Tischendorf entered upon his third

oriental journey, under the auspices of the Russian

government. After a fruitless search of the library

of the Convent at Sinai he was about

Codes to depart, when, on the evening of

Sinaiticus; Feb. 4, the young econome produced

Editio from a corner of his cell, wrapped in a

Octaves red cloth, not only the eighty-six leaves

Major. but 112 in addition on the Old Testa

ment, besides a complete New Testa

ment, the Epistle of Barnabas, and fragments of

Hernias. The Codex Sinaiticus, first loaned to

make a copy at Cairo, then for publication, was

finally (1869) presented by the monks to Czar Alex

ander II. Returning in 1859 to St. Petersburg with

the Codex and a large number of other manuscripts,

among which were twelve palimpsests, twenty

Greek uncials, eight minuscules, and many oriental

manuscripts, Tischendorf devoted himself for the

next two and a half years to the preparations for the

publication of the codex. He published Notifies

editionis codicis bibliorum Siresitici (Leipsic, 1860);

and Aus dem heiligen Lande (1862), an ac

count of his latest journey. The Bibliorum codex

Sinaiticus Petropolitareus (4 vols., Leipsie, 1862),

with prolegomena, commentary, and facsimile

i plates, now appeared; and the first edition was

presented to the czar. The Novum Testamentum

Sinsiticum cum epistula Barnabce et fragmentis Pas

toris (1863), with prolegomena and commentary,

was also produced, as well as a Novum Testamerctum

Greece. Ex Sinaitico codice (1865), with later cor

rections and variations of the Codex Vaticanus and

the textus receptus. The complete recession of the

Greek New Testament based on the Codex Sinaiticus

is the famous editio octave major (2 vole., 1864-72).

On a journey to Rome, in 1866, he was permitted,

by the grace of Pope Pius IX., to compare for forty

two hours the Codex Vaticanus with Mai's edition;

but he was enabled to issue a new Novacm Testsmen

tum Vaticsnum (1867). Meanwhile he published

Apocalypses apocryphce (1866); Philonce inedita

alters (1868); and The New Testament (1869), the

authorized English version with the variants from

the Codex Sinaiticus, the Codex Yaticanus, and

the Codex Alexandrines. The last three years of

Tischendorf's activity, 1870-72, were devoted

mainly to further work on the octaves. Vol. ix. of

the Monuments (1870) contained the important

Codex Lsudisnus of the Acts. A fourth edition of tie

Synopsis (1871) followed the text of the Sinsiticss;

and a special reprint of the Epistles of Clement,

based on the first edition in the Appendix* (1867),

was issued (1873). The prolegomena of the octave,

which he expected but was unable to prepare as

vol. i., were elaborated by Caspar Rend Gregory,

Prolegomena (3 vols., 1884-94). S. P. Tregelles

(q.v.; BIBLE TEXT, IL, 2, § 7) had the use of the

text of Codex Sinsiticus in the preparation of that

part of the New Testament following the Gospels,

and Ezra Abbot is of the opinion that " Tischen

dorf must have derived great advantage from the

publication of the successive parts of Tregelles'

elaborate edition." The opponents of his critical

work have censured Tischendorf for departing so

copiously from the septima. F. H. A. Scrivener