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BIBLIOGRAPHY: Fiinfziqjtihriges Jubilaum des ConcardiaSeminars zu Springfield, Ill., 181,8-98, St. Louie, Mo., 1869.

7. Gettysburg: This institution, officially designated " The Theological Seminary of the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States," is located in Gettysburg, Adams Co., Pa., where it occupies a site of over forty acres on the historic Seminary Ridge, overlooking the town. It was founded in 1826 by the General Synod, which at its first meeting in 1820 appointed a committee to report on the feasibility of establishing a theological school. The project was deemed impracticable, but it was revived, chiefly through a sermon preached by the Rev. S. S. Schmucker (q.v.) of New Market, Va., at the meeting of the Maryland and Virginia Synod, Oct. 17, 1824, and the General Synod in consequence reconsidered the matter a year later, taking steps at once for the organization of the seminary. Rev. S. S. Schmucker was elected the first professor in 1826, and for forty-six years he remained its head, during the greater part of this period being the most potent factor in the building of the Lutheran Church, and for the first four years of the existence of the seminary being its only professor. During the great battle of July, 1863, the old seminary building was considerably damaged by shells, besides being used as a hospital, and the institution also passed through the stress of ecclesiastical controversy in the sixties, resulting in the resignation of several professors, the establishment of another Lutheran seminary in Philadelphia in 1864, and the organization of the General Council in 1866.

The seminary has been attended by 1,100 students, most of whom have entered the Lutheran ministry, though a small minority have become ministers in other denominations. It has also prepared many professors for colleges and seminaries, as well as missionaries for the home and the foreign field. The doctrinal basis is the Word of God as contained in the canonical Scriptures of the Old and the New Testaments as the only infallible rule of faith and practise, and the Augsburg Confession as a correct exhibition of the fundamental doctrines of the divine word. The institution occupies a conservative, orthodox position, in accord with the evangelical character of the Lutheran Church in America. This seminary, being the oldest purely theological Lutheran institution in America, and the largest in the General Synod, has exerted a correspondingly wide influence, and during the first half of its existence, before other Lutheran seminaries were founded, nearly all the leading ministers and educators were trained there. Among past instructors the following may be mentioned: Drs. S. S. Schmucker (q.v.), E. L. Hazelius, Ii. I. Schmidt, C. A. Hay, Charles P. Krauth (q.v.), Charles F. Schaeffer (q.v.), J. A. Brown, M. Yal-

BIBLIOGRAPHY: E. J. Wolf, The Lutherans in America, New York, 1889; H. E. Jacobs, History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, New York, 1893; Lutheran Quarterly, vi., aiv.

8. Bamma: This institution is located in Springfield, Clark Co., O., and was known as the Wittenberg Theological Seminary until, in 1905, its name was changed to Hamma Divinity School in recognition of Dr. and Mrs. M. W. Hamma, who had just given almost $200,000 for the endowment and extension of the institution. The school was established in 1845, and has always been affiliated with and controlled by the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, its founder being the Rev. Ezra Keller, who had come from Maryland at the call of the scattered Lutherans in Ohio. Among the early teachers were Dr. Keller (president of both college and seminary), Dr. Samuel Sprecher (q.v.; for twenty-five years president and for thirty-five years instructor), Dr. F. W. Conrad (afterward editor of The Lutheran Observer), Dr. J. H. W. Stuckenberg (q.v.), and Dr. Samuel A. Ort, for eighteen years president and for thirty years instructor. The school stands for the conservative theology of the historic Lutheran Church. It believes strongly in the creeds of the church, is opposed to all the so-called liberalizing tendencies of radical theology, and teaches heartily that the Bible is the Word of God, but at the same time it is progressive, and looks forward hopefully to the time when there may come a union of the Lutheran forces in America. The influence of the school has been strongly felt throughout the general body to which it belongs, and it is safe to say that no other theological school has had more influence during the past twenty years in shaping the policies and affecting the development of the General Synod.

The present faculty is made up as follows: Charles G. Heckert (president), Leander S. Keyser (Christian theology and ethics), David H. Bauslin (q.v.; ecclesiastical history), V. G. A. Tressler (q.v.; NewTestament philology), Loyal H. Larimer (OldTestament language and exegesis), and J. L. Neve (Symbolics and practical theology). The board of directors numbers forty-two, and is the same as that controlling Wittenberg College. The student body has been slowly increasing in numbers during the past five years, and the enrolment for 1910, in which Germany and Norway are represented, is thirty-four. The endowment is about $300,000,