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the divinity chair at Warrington Academy. Here his health broke down, owing in great part to the disputes in which he became engaged. He had serious differences with the rector, John Seddon, and wrote strongly against the scheme which the latter was advocating of introducing fixed liturgical forms into non-conformist worship.

It was not until Taylor had passed middle life that a radical change in his theological views seems to have taken place. Shortly after undertaking his new post at Norwich, he read the Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, by Samuel Clarke (q.v., 4). As a consequence his belief in that central dogma suffered eclipse, and in A Paraphrase with Notes on the Epistle to the Romans, etc. (London, 1745, Dublin, 1746), he freely discloses his Arian sentiments. Naturally enough he abandoned the Calvinistic view of human nature; and his work, The Scripture Doctrine of Original Sin. (London, 1740, 4th ed., enlarged, 1767), which called forth the famous reply of the elder Edwards, was more instrumental than any work of its kind in undermining the root ideas of the Calvinistic system both in England and in the American colonies. Deviating as far as he did from the forms of traditional orthodoxy, his treatise on prayer (The Scripture Account of Prayer, London, 1761, 2d ed., 1762), written at the close of his life, would seem to negative the description of Wesley that Taylor's views were " old deism in a new dress." Some of his other works not mentioned above are: The Scripture Doctrine of Atonement (London, 1751); and The Lord's Supper Explained upon Scripture Principles (London, 1756). Especially noteworthy is The Hebrew Concordance (2 vols., folio, London, 1754-57), adapted to the English Bible and disposed after the manner of Buxtorf, which held first rank among works of its kind for almost a century, and is an enduring monument to the author's accuracy and industry.

BrsLrocaArav: E. Harwood, Sermon Occasioned by the Death of . . . J. Taylor, with, Some Account of his Character and Writings, London, 1761; E. Taylor, in Universal Theological Magazine, July, 1804; Monthly Repository, 1826, pp. 482483; L. Stephen, English Thought in the Eighteenth Century, ii. 418-419, New York, 1881; DNB, Iv. 439-440 (has references to scattering notices).

TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM: Congregationalist preacher, teacher, and author; b. at New Milford, Conn., June 23, 1786; d. at New Haven Mar. 10, 1858. He was graduated at Yale College in 1807; studied theology with President Dwight, and became pastor of the First Church in New Haven in 1811, which office he resigned in 1822, to take the chair of dogmatic theology in the theological department of Yale College, where he continued to teach until his death. As a preacher he was singularly impressive, combining solidity and clearness of thought with a remarkable eloquence. Unusual results followed upon his sermons, especially in connection with Revivals (q.v.). From early youth deeply interested in the problems of theology, and endowed with metaphysical talents of a very high order, he worked out, on the basis of the previous New England theology, an elaborate system, which gained numerous adherents, and powerfully affected theological thought and preaching in America beyond the circle of its professed

advocates. For his labors, views, and influence in this direction see NEW-ENGLAND THEOLOGY. His most noted sermon was the Condo ad Clerum (New Haven, 1828), though he had previously issued others, e.g., one on Regeneration (1816). After his death his Practical Sermons, ed. Noah Porter, were published (New York, 1858); also Lectures on the Moral Government of God (2 vols., 1859); and Essays and Lectures upon Select Topics in Revealed Religion (1859).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: G. P. Fisher, Discussions in History and Theology, New York, 1880; W. Walker, in American Church History Series, iii. 355-361, New York, 1894; idem, Ten New England Leaders, pp. 398-402 et passim, ib. 1901: B. N. Martin, in New Englander, vol. xvii.; N. Porter, in New Englander, vol. xviii.; F. H. Foster, Genetic Mist. of New England Theology, Chicago, 1907.

TAYLOR, WALTER ROSS: United Free Church of Scotland; b. at Thurso (80 m. n.e. of Inverness), Caithness, Apr. 11, 1838. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh and New College, Edinburgh, from which he was graduated in 1861. He was minister of East Kilbride Free Church in 18621868 and since 1868 has been minister of Kelvinside Free Church, Glasgow. He is convener of the committee of the Glasgow United Free Church Theological College, chairman of the Glasgow United Free Church Normal College, and vice-president of the National Bible Society of Scotland. His theological position is liberal, and he is an advocate of the union of churches and the revision of the creed. He has written Religious Thought and Church Life in Scotland in the Nineteenth Century (Edinburgh, 1900).

TAYLOR, WILLIAM: Methodist Episcopal missionary bishop; b, in Rockbridge County, Va., May 2, 1821; d. at Palo Alto, Cal., May 18, 1902. He went from his father's farm and tanyard into the ministry, 1842; was regular itinerant, 1842-49; missionary in California, 1849-56; evangelist in the Eastern States and Canada until 1862, when he went to Europe, ^ngaging in evangelistic work; he traveled over the continent, then to Egypt, the Holy Land, Australia, Africa, the West Indies, and India. He organized many self-supporting churches in India, and as a result of his work the South India conference and Madras conference were organized. Later he visited Central and South America. He was elected a bishop in 1884, and going again to Africa he established a chain of mission stations on the Congo and elsewhere. His works embrace Seven Years' Preaching in San Francisco (New York, 1857); California Life Illustrated (1858);. Christian Adventures in. South Africa (London, 1867); Four Years' Campaign in India (New York, 1875) ; Our South American Cousins (1878); and Ten Years of Self-supporting Missions in India (1$82).

TAYLOR, WILLIAM MACgERGO: Congregationalist; b. at Kilmarnock (20 m. s.w. of Glasgow), Scotland, Oct. 23, 1829; d. in New York Feb. 8, 1895. He was graduated from the University of Glasgow, 1849, and from the United Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Edinburgh, 1852; became pastor of the parish of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire, 1853; of Derby Road Church, Liverpool, England, 1855; visited the United States in 1871, and became pas-