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arranged for, and then no subsequent difficulty or opposition was allowed to daunt him. Gifted with the power to command sleep whenever needed, he labored night and day, resting only when exhausted nature compelled him. No day, however, was entered upon without a period of quiet prayer and Bible study. James Hudson Taylor was, to quote the pregnant words of Prof. Gustav Warneck, " A man full of the Holy Ghost and of faith, of entire surrender to God and his call, of great selfdenial, heart-felt compassion, rare power in prayer, marvelous organizing faculty, energetic initiative, indefatigable perseverance, and of astonishing influence with men, and withal of child-like humility." Taylor was the author of: Union and Communion (London, 1893); A Retrospect (1894); Separation and Service (1898) ; and A Ribband of Blue, arid other Bible Studies (1899). MARSHALL BROOMHALL.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: M. G. Guinness. Story of the China Inland Mission, 2 vols., London, 1893; M. Broomhall, Pioneer Work in Hunan, ib. 1906; idem, The Chinese Empire, a General and Missionary Survey, ib. 1908; idem, Faith and Facts as Illustrated in the Hist. of the China Inland Mission, ib. 1909.

TAYLOR, JEREMY: English bishop, theologian, and devotional writer; b. at Cambridge Aug. 15, 1613; d. at Lisburn (8 m. s.w. of Belfast), Ireland, Aug. 13, 1667. He studied at Gonville and Gains College, Cambridge (B.A., 1630-31; M.A., 1633-34; D.D., Oxford, 1642); by doing occasional duty for Thomas Risden, divinity lecturer at St. Paul's, London, he attracted the attention of Archbishop Laud, who sent him to Oxford, 1635, and procured for him a fellowship, 1636, made him his chaplain, and probably secured for him appointment as royal chaplain; he was made rector of Uppingham, Rutland, 1638; probably in 1642 he accompanied the king to Oxford, and it is likely that he was then (though not formally till 1644) deprived of his living; in 1643 he was made rector of Overstone, Northamptonshire; in 1644 he was a prisoner with the army of the Commonwealth. In 1645 he became one of the principals in a school at Newton Hall, Carmarthenshire, also chaplain to Richard Vaughan, earl of Carbery. This period was one of the most fruitful in his life; then he published his Theologia eklektike; a Discourse of the Liberty of ', Prophesying (1646), a plea for deprived Episcopal I clergymen; his Great Exemplar . . . Life and Death of . . . Jesus Christ (1649); Rule and Exercises of Holy 'Living (1650); Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying (1651). The two last named with his Worthy Communicant (not published till 1660) are among the most noted and worthy devotional books in the I English language. A number of sermons followed, including his Discourse on Baptism (1652); to this period is chargeable also The Real Presence arid Spirituall of Christ in the Blessed Sacrament Proved . . against Transubstantiation (1654), and Po lemical and Moral Discourses (1657). Meanwhile he had resumed relations with London in 1653, preached there occasionally in 1654, and for reasons unknown, he was a prisoner in Chepstow in 1654 and again in 1655; in 1657-58 Taylor ministered to a small body of Episcopalians in London. The next year he was invited to accept a weekly lectureship at Lisburn, County Antrim, Ireland, which after

some hesitation he accepted, receiving from Cromwell papers for his protection, but in 1660 he was again in London, where he published his Doctor dubitantium or the Rule of Conscience, favorably noticed by Hallam as an " extensive and learned work on casuistry "; the work was dedicated to Charles II. On the restoration of episcopacy he was raised in 1660-61 to the bishopric of Down and Connor, to which Dromore was afterward added, but found his course difficult as a bishop, the Presbyterians especially furnishing trouble to which he replied by frequent depositions of those who refused to recognize episcopal jurisdiction. He desired translation to an English see, but his request was passed by, and he was left to finish his life in uncongenial surroundings. Besides the works named above, special mention should be made of his Discourse of Friendship (1657); he also issued a large number of sermons. His Whole Works were edited by Reginald Heber (15 vols., London, 1822; revised edition by C. P. Eden, 10 vols., 1847-52). The Works, ed. T. S. Hughes (5 vols., 1831), consist of sermons and the Holy Living and Holy Dying. Poems and Verse Translations, ed. A. B. Grosart, was issued 1870.

Taylor has been called " the Chrysostom of England," surpassing in brilliancy of imagination his Greek antetype. For succeeding generations his fame rests on the three devotional works especially noted above.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The best of the earlier lives, perhaps absolutely the best, is that by Heber, as revised by Eden, in the Whole Works, ut sup. Consult further: H. K. Bonney, The Life of . . Jeremy Taylor, London, 1815; R. E. A. Willmott, Bishop Jeremy Taylor, his Predecessors, Contemporaries, and Successors, London, 1847; A. Barry, Jeremy Taylor, the English Chrysostom, in J. E. Kempe, Classic Preachers of the English Church, 2 ser., London, 1877; F. W. Farrar, in A. Barry, Masters in English Theology, London, 1878; W. H. D. Abrams, Great English Churchmen, London, 1879; E. H. May, Dissertation on the Life, Theology, and Times of Jeremy Taylor, London, 1892; W. E. Collins, ed., Typical English Churchmen, London, 1902; E. Gorse, Life of Jeremy Taylor, London and New York, 1904; D. Merriman, Jeremy Taylor and Religious Liberty in the English Church, Worcester, Mass., 1906; G. Worley, Jeremy Taylor; Sketch of his Life with a popular Exposition of his Works, new ed., London, 1907; E. George, Seventeenth Century Men of Latitude. Forerunners of the new Theology, London and New York, 1908; DNB, Iv. 422-429; Julian, Hymnology, p. 1118.

TAYLOR, JOHN: Unitarian theologian and Hebrew scholar- b. at Scotforth (2 m. s. of Lancaster) 1694; d. at Warrington (20 miles e. of Liverpool), Lancashire, Mar. 5, 1761. His first theological studies were made in 1709, under Thomas Dixon, who had just established, at Whitehaven, a nonconformist academy for the preparation of students for the Presbyterian and Congregational ministries. Here he began to acquire that knowledge of Hebrew which was destined one day to bear rich fruit. Leaving Whitehaven, he studied under Thomas Hill, near Derby, perfecting himself especially in classical knowledge. Before being ordained to the ministry he became connected, Apr. 7, 175, with a nonconformist chapel at Kirkstead, Lincolnshire; he was ordained Apr. 11, 1716, by dissenting ministers in Derbyshire. In 1733 he became the colleague of the Presbyterian minister, Peter Finch (d. Oct. 6, 1754), in Norwich, and in 1757 he was appointed to