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278 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA Tanner Tate Galatia, whence it seems to have spread over Asia Minor and into Syria. Imperial laws came in to forbid the sect's assemblages. Theodore the Studite (Epist. xl. ad Naucratium, in MPG, xcix. 1051) in the ninth century is the latest to testify to its existence. Philastrius (Hter., LYxv.), who had no independent knowledge of the sect, confused them with the Ascites who kept the consecrated blood in a sack (askos) and had a cult resembling that of Bacchus. G. GATITZMACHER. BIBLIOGRAPHY: The principal sources are named in the text. Consult further: Augustine, Her., lxiii.; Timothy of Constantinople, in J. B. Cotelerius, Eccleaim Grescte monumenta, iii. 377 aqq., 4 vols., Paris, 1677-92; J. H. Blunt, Dictionary of Sects . , p. 590, London, 1874; T. Zahn, Geschichte des neutestarnentlichen Kanons, ii. 437, Leipsic, 1891. TASKER, JOHN GREENWOOD: Wesleyan Methodist; b. at Skipton (22 m. n.w, of Leeds), Yorkshire, England, Jan. 20, 1853. He received his education at Hawkshaw House School, Garforth, Leeds, and at Richmond College; was assistant tutor at Richmond College, 1876-80; was at Cann statt, Germany, also pastor of English Church at Stuttgart, 1880-84; returned and served again as assistant tutor at Richmond College, 1884-87, then as classical tutor, 1887-91; superintendent of the Manchester (Longsight) circuit, 1891-92; as Biblical and classical tutor at Handsworth College, 1892-1904, and as theological tutor, 1904-10, when he became principal. He delivered the Fernley Lecture in 1901, with the title Does Haeckel Solve the Riddle p in Is Christianity True Q (London, 1904) ; has written Spiritual Religion: a Study of the Re lation, of Facts to Faith (1901); and has contributed to Hastings Dictionary of the Bible, Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels, and Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. TASMANIA. See AUSTRALIA. TAST, HERMANN (HARMEN, HERMEN) : Re former in Sleswick-Holstein; b. at Husum (21 m. w. of Sleswick) c. 1490; d. there May 11, 1551. At some time after 1514 he held the vicarage of St. Michael in the Church of our Lady in Husum. The Reformation was felt there at an early time; as early as 1518 two students from that flourish ing borough studied at Wittenberg, others followed from the vicinity, and all returned zealous friends of the new truth. Tast is said to have arrived at his better knowledge by reading the works of Luther, and about 1522 he dared to announce the truth openly. He found many adherents; but as the majority of the priesthood and of the congregation clung to the old traditions, he was excluded from the church, and his life was endangered. But 11fat thias Knudsen, a neighbor, protected him and opened his house for the gathering of his adherents. When it could no longer hold them, Tast preached in the churchyard. The Reformation developed further under the protection of Frederic L, who in 1524 is said to have required of both parties mutual tolera tion in a formal and general edict of toleration. Tast found an efficient assistant in Theodoricus Pistorius (Becker), father of Johannes Pistorius (q.v.), a true pupil of Melanchthon. After 1526 the young Duke Christian, as temporary stattholder and XL-1$
regent of the duchies, and the king not only tolerated, but advanced, the cause of the Reformation. Tast prepared the way in Flensburg, so that in advent season, 1526, the first Evangelical sermons were delivered in the two principal churches of the town by Geert Slewert and Nikolaus Johannis. About the same time Husum was won for the Reformation. In 1527 Tast was appointed pastor, Pistorius and Hamer first and second chaplains. Roman Catholic masses and vigils were prohibited, and an Evangelical church service was introduced. Baptism was administered in accordance with Luther's Taufbiichlein; the school of the monastery was reorganized, and H. Bokelmann of Brunswick, a pupil of Luther, was placed at its head.
At the colloquy of Flensburg, which was held on April 8, 1529, with Melchior Hoffmann (q.v.) Tast was the chief spokesman of the Lutheran party. The controversy turned principally about the Lord's Supper, which Hoffmann interpreted spiritually. It was impossible to convince Hoffmann, and the colloquy ended with his banishment. In the winter of 1536-37 Tast assisted in the elaboration of a church order for the territories of Christian III., which appeared under the title, Ordinatio ecclesiastics regnorum Danice et Norwegice et ducatxtum Slesv., Holsat., etc. (1537). After its issue Tast was entrusted with the provostship of the old Nordstrand with its more than twenty churches, and soon afterward also with that of Eiderstedt and with the inspection of the churches in the district of Husum. After 1540 he was one of the four (five) superintendents in the duchy of Sleswick. In 1542 he, together with the other superintendents, assisted Bugenhagen in drawing up the church order of Sleswick-Holstein, issued on March 9, 1542. In accordance with this church order Tast lost his privileges as superintendent in favor of the new Lutheran bishop or superintendent of Sleswick, and, in consequence of the division of the country in 1544, also his provostships (1545, 1547-48).
Tast earned the reputation of a highly educated arid studious thinker, diligent, zealous, courageous, and earnest in the performance of all his duties.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. Moller, Introductio ad Kist. ducat., Leipsic, 1899; idem, Cinebria; literata· Prodromus, vol. i., Copenhagen, 1744; A. Heimreich, NordJresische Chronik, 3d ed. by N. Falek, vol. i., Tondern, 1819; C. Kortholt, Hist. eccl., Leipsie, 1897; L. von Seckendorf, Historic Lutheranismi, ib. 1694; Eggers, H. Tastii Memories (Husen Programm), 1817; O. Kallsen, in Meyn's Schlesung-holsteinischer Hauskalendar for 1880; AHD, vol. xxxvii.; if. F. Rordam, in Dansk biografisk Lexikon, vol. xvii., Copenhagen, 1887 sqq.
TATE, NAHUM. Hymnist, and poet laureate; b. in Dublin 1652; d. in the Mint at Southwark, London, Aug. 12, 1715. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1672); went to London, and in 1692 became poet laureate. He is remembered by A New Version of the Psalms of David, made in collaboration with Nicholas Brady (q.v.), which appeared in 1696 (see HYMNOLOGY, IX., § 3, for development). Tate is supposed to have been the better poet, and to have shown it chiefly here. The psalter made its way slowly but surely in popular acceptance, not entirely driving out Sternhold and Hopkins till the nineteenth century was somewhat
