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Stall THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG gg Stanley Kirkcaldy (1874-8?), and St. Matthewls, Glasgow (1887-1902), and since 1902 has bin professor of church history in the United Free Church College, Aberdeen. He was Lyman Beecher lecturer on preaching at Yale in 1891, Cunningham lecturer in New College, Edinburgh, in 1899, and in 1901 was Gay lecturer in Louisville Baptist Seminary and also lectured at Richmond Presbyterian Seminary. In theology he " rests his faith on the threefold foundation of Scripture, tradition, and personal ex perience, with emphasis on the third." He has written The Life of Jesus Christ (Edinburgh, 1879); The New Song: Sermons for Children (1883); The Life of St. Paul (1884); Imago Christi (London, 1889); The Preacher and his Models (1891); The Four Men (1892); The Trial and Death of Jesus (1894); The Two Saint Johns (1895); The Christol ogy of Jesus (1899); The Seven Deadly Sins (1901); The Seven Cardinal Virtues (1902); John Knot, his Ideas and Ideals (1904); The Atonement (1908); The Ethic of Jesus according to the Synoptic Gospels (London, 1909). STALL, SYLVANUS: Lutheran; b. at Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1847. He was educated at Pennsyl vania College, Gettysburg, Pa. (A.B., 1872), after which he studied theology there and at Union The ological Seminary for two years. He held pastorates in his denomination at Cobleskill, N. Y. (1874-77), Martin's Creek, Pa. (I877-80), Lancaster, Pa. (1880-88), and Baltimore, Md. (1888-1901). In 1901 he retired from the active ministry to be come the head of his newly established Vir Publish ing Company, Philadelphia. He edited Stall's Lutheran Year Book and Historical Quarterly (1884 1888), while from 1890 to 1901 he was associate editor of The Lutheran Observer. He has prepared Pastor's Pocket Record (Albany, N. Y., 1875); Minister's Handbook to Lutheran Hymns in the Book of Worship (Philadelphia, 1879); How to pay Church Debts (New York, 1880); Methods of Church. Work, Religious, Social, and Financial (1887); Five Minute Object Sermons (1894); Talks to the King's Children (1896); Bible Selections for Daily Devotion (1896); What a Young Boy ought to Know (Philadel phia, 1897); What a Young Man ought to Know (1897); What a Young Husband ought to Know (1899); What d Man of Forty-five ought to Know 1901); Faces toward the Light (1903); The Social Peril (1905); and Parental Honesty (1905). STANCARI, stdn-cirri (STAf1CAR0), FRAft CESCO: Unitarian; b. at Mantua, Italy, in 1501; d. at Stobnitz, Poland, Nov. 12, 1574. He entered a religious order, and evidently underwent a sys tematic training in theology, since his method, for instance, in his first theological work, De trinitate, is scholastic in type. Stancari appeared promi nently first in 1543, when he lived in Chiavenna; at Basel, in 1546, he issued a Hebrew grammar: In course of the shifting life that was especially common with Italian fugitives, he was later found at Cracow, whence, after seizure as a heretic, he escaped to Konigsberg, there to teach in the high school. But becoming involved in strife with Osian der, only three months elapsed before he requested his dismission. Afterward, at Frankfort-on-the- Oder, he continued the controversy in his Apologia contra Osiandrxtm,, and the elector of Brandenburg intervened, while Melanchthon, in 1553, published a Responsio de controversiis Stancari (CR, xxiii. 87). He then went to Poland, Hungary, and Transylvania, but returned to Pinczow in 1558. He there asso ciated with such men as Lismanini and Blandrata (q.v.):; and contended for the proposition that Christ is a mediator with God only in his human nature. The dispute reached beyond the borders of Poland; Calvin answered in a " Response " of the Genevan Church (Tractatus theologici, p. 682); while in a further message (Epistolce et responsa, p. 290) Zurichers made answer, also through Josias Simler's Responsio ad maledicum Fr. Stancari, libellum (1563). Both new and old material on the subject has been compiled by Wotschke in letters and other docu ments, in Briefwechsel der Schweizer mil den Polen (Archiv fur Reformations-Geschichte, Erganzungs band iii., 1908). In several of these documents, Lismanini protests against the theology of Stan cari, which was combated in Poland as being Nestorian. Yet it had significance in the history of dogma, as in opposing it the attempts of the Lutheran theologians to carry the point of their Communicatio idiomatmit (q.v.) gained special conse quence. Wigand (De Stancarismo,1585) and Schliis selburg (Catalogue hcereticorum) were opponents of Stancari. K. Bi:r>RnTx. B133LIOGRAPHY: Sources are: The letters of Calvin, in his Opera in CR; S. Orzechowski, Roxolani Chimara: sine de Stancart Juneata regno PoZonias sects, Cologne, 1563; Ori chovdana, ed. J. Korzeniowaki, pp. ?22 aqq., Cracow, 1891 (contains six letters by Stancari). Consult further: Bayle, Dictionary, v. 228-233 (quotes extensively from sources); S. Lubienaki, HisEoria reJormationis Poloniue, Freistadt, 1685; C. Aartknoeh, Preussische Kirchen-Historla, i. 330 sqq., Frankfort, 1686; G. J. Planck, Geschichte . . . u n seres protestantischen Lehrbegri$'s, iv. 449 sqq., 6 vole., Leipsic, 1781-1800; H. Dalton, Johannes a Lasco, Goths, 1881; and wotsehke, in Altpreucsische Monatsschrift, 1909.
STANDING FISHES BIBLE. See BIBLE VERSIONS, B, IV., § 9.
STANFORD, CHARLES: English Baptist; b. at Northampton (45 m. w. of Cambridge), England, Mar. 9, 1823; d. in London Mar. 18, 1886. He commenced preaching, 1839; entered the Baptist College at Bristol, 1841; became minister at Loughborough, 1845; Deniges, 1847; co-pastor in London of the Denmark-place Church, Camberwell, 1838, and was sole pastor from 1861 till his death. He was the author of Central Truths (London, 1860); Joseph Alleine: his Companions and Times; a Memorial of "Black Bartholomew," 1662 (1861); Instrumental Strength; Thoughts for Students and Pastors (1862); Home and Church (1871); Homilies on Christian Work (1879); Voices from Calvary; a Course of Homilies (1881); From Calvary to Olivet. Being a Sequel to " Voices from Calvary" (1884); The Alternatives of Faith and Unbelief (1885); The Evening of Our Lord's Ministry, being Preludes to " Vaiees from Calvary." A Course of Homilies (1886); together with a collection of sermons, and many smaller works.
BIBISOoRAPHY: Charles Stanford, Memories and Letters, ed. his wife. London, 1889; Baptist Handbook, 1887, pp. 120 122; DNB, liii. 478-479*
