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69 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA Spurgeon Staehelia SPURGEON, THOMAS: English Baptist; b. in London Sept. 20, 1856. After studying at the Pas tor's College of the Metropolitan Tabernacle, Lon don, as well as in South Kensington, he visited Aus tralia and Tasmania in 1877 and again in 1879, and from 1881 to 1889 was pastor of a Baptist church in Auckland, New Zealand. He was then an evan gelist of the New Zealand Baptist Union until 1893, when he succeeded his father, Charles Haddon Spurgeon (q.v.), as minister of the Metropolitan Tabernacle. He resigned this position in 1908, in consequence of ill-health, and has since been presi dent of Pastor's College and of Stockwell Orphan age, London. Besides a volume of poems, Scarlet Threads and Bits of Blue (London, 1892), he has published several collections of sermons: The Gospel of the Grace of God (1884), Down to the Sea (1895), Light and Love (189?), God Save the King (1902), and My Gospel (1902). SRAWLEY, sr8'li, JAMES HERBERT: Church of England; b. at Handsworth, Birmingham, Dec. 13, 1868. He received his education at King Ed ward VL's School, Birmingham, and Gonville and Gaius College, Cambridge (B.A., 1891; M.A., 1895; B.D., 1903; D.D., 1907); was made deacon, 1893, and priest, 1894; was curate of St. Matthew's, Wal sall, Sheffield, 1893-95; vice-principal of Lichfield Theological College, 1895-97; lecturer in theology at Selwyn College, Cambridge, since 1897, and tutor since 1907, being also curate of St. Mary the Less, Cambridge, 1898-1906, examining chaplain to the bishop of Lichfield since 1905, and general secretary of the Central Society for Sacred Study. He has published The Epistles of St. Ignatius, Translated with Introduction and Notes (2 viols., London, 1900); and The Catechetical Oration of St. Gregory o` Nyssa (Cambridge, 1903). STABAT MATER. See JACOPONE DA Tont. STACKHOUSE, THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Witton-le-Wear (10 m. s.w. of Durham), Eng land, 1677; d. at Beenham (8 m. w.s.w. of Reading) Oct. 11, 1752. He studied at St. John's College, Cambridge; was head master of Hexham grammar school, 1701-04; ordained priest in London, 1704, becoming curate of Shepperton in Middlesex; was minister of the English Church in Amsterdam from 1713; curate of Finchley, 1731; and in 1733 was relieved from extreme distress by an appointment to the vicarage of Beenham. He is remembered for his New History of the Holy Bible, from the Begin ning of the World to the Establishment of Christianity (2 viols., London, 1737; bested., 6 viols., Edinburgh, 1767) ; he was also the author of Merrtoires of the Life, Character, Conduct and Writings of Dr. Francis Atterbury, Late Bishop of Rochester, from his Birth to his Banishment (2d ed., London, 1727); A Com plete Body of Divinity . . . Extracted from the Best Ancient and Modern Writers (1729; best ed. 1755); A Defence of the Christian Religion from the Several Objections of Modern Antiseripturists; wherein the literal Sense of the Prophecies contained in the Old Testament, and of the Miracles recorded in the New, is explained and vindicated, in which is included the whole State of the Controversy between Mr. Woolston and his Adversaries (2d ed., 1733); A New . .

Exposition of the Apostles' Creed (1747); The Life of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. With the Lives of the Apostles and Evangelists (1754).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: J. Nichols, Literary Anecdotes of the 18th

Century, ii. 393399, 9 vols., London, 1812-15; DNB, liii. 442-443.

STADE, shtd'de, BERNHARD:. German Protestant; b. at Arnstadt (20 m. ..w. of Weimar) May 11, 1848; d. at Giessen Dec. 7, 1906. He was educated at the universities of Leihsic (1867-69; Ph.D., 1871) and Berlin (1869-70), .znd in 1871 became assistant in the library of the former institution, where he was also privat-docent in 1873-75; professor of Old-Testament exegesis at the University of Giessen (1875-1906), and rector in 1882-83, and 1896-97; after 1894 he was overseer of the theological students at Giessen. In addition to his work as editor of the Zeitschrift fur alttestamentliche Wissenschaft, which he founded in 1881, he wrote Ueber den Ursprung der mehrhtutigen Tatworter der Ge'ezsprache (Leipsie, 1871); De Isaice vaticiniis lEthiopicis (1873); Ueber die alttestamentlichen Vorstellungen vom Zustande nach dem Tode (1877); Lehrbuch der hebrkischen Spraciie, vol. i. (1879); De populo Javan parergon (Giessen, 1880) ; Ueber die Lage der evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands (1883); Geschichte des Volkes Israel (2 viols., the second half of the second volume in collaboration with O. Holtzmann; Berlin, 1887-88); Hebrdisches Handworterbueh zum Alien Testament (in collaboration with C. Siegfried; Leipsie, 1893); Die Reorganisation der theologischen Fakultat zu Giessen (Giessen, 1894); Ausgewdhlte akademische Reden and Abhandlungen (1899); The Books of Kings in The Polychrome Bible (in collaboration with F. Sc:hwally; New York, 1904); Biblische Theologie des Alten Testaments, viol. i. (Tiibingen, 1905); and i.inst and jetzt, Riickblicke and Ausblicke (Giessen, 1905).

STAEHELIN, ahte'e-lin, JOHANN JAKOB: Swiss theologian; b. at Basel May 6, 1797; d. at Langenbrnck (15 m. s.e. of Easel) Aug. 27, 1875. His entire active life was passed as docent or professor in the University of Basel. He came under the pietistic influences of the Wiirttemberg school, and devoted himself as a scholar to Semitic studies. His literary activity began in 1827 with a dissertation which discussed the Blessing of Jacob. In Pentateuchal criticism he issued Kritische Untersuchungen fiber die Genesis (Basel, 1830), in which he advocated the application to Bible study of historical linguistic work and the comparison of Biblical literature with other oriental writings. This was followed by Kritische Untersuchungen caber den. Pentateuch, Josua, Richter, Samuel, and Konige (Berlin, 1843), in which he anticipated in certain respects the results of more recent critics. The last work of this character was Das Leben.Davids (Basel, 1866), an interesting account of the: different phases of David's career. A second series of Stahelin's writings is concerned with the Hebrew prophets, for example, Die messianische V7eissagungen (Berlin, 1847), in which he cast some light on the relations of these prophetical texts to the New Testament; and his Die Propheten des AIGm Testaments (1867).