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SpangeaDerg THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 84 Spanheim He became member of the provisional board of directors formed after the death of Zinzendorf (1760), and until his death took a leading position among the Brethren, one of his services being his as sistance in formulating their system of doctrine. It is chiefly owing to Spangenberg that the Congrega tion of Brethren was saved from developing into sectarianism and that it maintained friendly rela tions with the Evangelical church. Among his literary works were Deklaration fiber die neither gegen uns ausgegangenen Beschuldigungen . . . (Leipsie and Giirlitz, 1751); Darlegung richtiger Antworten, auf mehr als 300 Beschuldigungert gegen den ordir narium fratrum . . . (1751 ); Apologetische Schluss schrift . . . (2 parts, 1752); Leben des Herrn Nicolaus Ludwig Grafen and Herrn von Zinzendorf . (8 parts, 1772-1775; Eng. transl., The Life of N. L.; Count Zinxendorf, London, 1838); Idea fulei fratrum oder kurzer Begrif der ehristlichen Lehre in den evangeli$ehen Briidergemeinen (Barby, 1779; Eng. transl., Exposition of Christian Doctrine, London, 1784). Spangenberg was also a writer of hymns, ten of which went into the denominational hymn-book of 1778. Some of these have been ren dered into English, among them " The Church of Christ that he hath hallowed here," by Miss Wink- worth. (G. REICHL''L.) BrHLIOGRAPHY: Spangenberg left in manuscript three ac counts of his life, of which the first has not been pub lished, the second and third appeared in Archiu Jiir neu este Kirchengeschichte, i. 40 aqq., ii. 429-487, and Nach richten aus der Briiderpemeinde, 1872, pp. 135-180. Let ters of his are published in Der Briiderbote, 1872, pp. 9 aqq., 241 sqq., 1874, pp. 10 sqq., 1876, pp. 309 aqq.; and in J. Bernoulli's Samnalung kurzer Reisebeschreibung, xvi (1784), 195 aqq., is found a sketch of him by a contem por.xry, Janichen. Sketches or lives have been written by J. Loretz, in Lausitzische MonatsschriJt, 1793, i. 336-358, ii. 13-31. 75-89; J. Risler, Barby, 1794; K. F. Ledder hose, Heidelberg, 1846; C. J. Nitzsch, in Evaugelisches Jahrbuch, 1855, pp. 197 sqq.; G. C. Knapp, ed. O. Frick, Halls, 1884; and (best of all) by G. Reichel, Tiibingen, 1908. SPANGENBERG, CYRIAKUS: Son of Johann Spangenberg; b. at Nordhausen (105 m. w. of Leip sic) June 7, 1528; d. at Strasburg Feb. 10, 1604. He began study at the University of Wittenberg in 1542; took his master's degree in 1550, and in the same year the counts of Mansfeld made him preacher at the Church of St. Andrew in Eisleben. Afterward he became town and court preacher in Mansfeld, and in 1559, after the death of Michael Coelius, gen eral dean of the county and assessor of the Eisleben consistory. He was a zealous champion of pure Lutheranism, combating the school of Melanch thon. The theologians of Mansfeld became the stanchest partizans of Flacius. The three counts, Volrad, Karl, and Hans Ernst, were in ecclesiastical affairs under the influence of Spangenberg, whose authority grew wherever anti-Philippine Lutheran ism appeared. The severe invectives of Hieronymus Menzel, general superintendent of Mansfeld, and of Spangenberg induced Elector August in 1567 to cite them to Dresden to vindicate themselves, but as Counts Volrad and Christoph protested against such summons as an intrenchment of their rights, the two theologians refused to go. Spangenberg had offended the theologians of Electoral Saxony especially by seven sermons De prmdestinatione (Erfurt, 1567), in
which he taught the servum arbitriurn, in the sense of the older Reformed theology. In Mansfeld there developed also the tragedy of the controversy on hereditary sin which had a fatal influence upon the future life of Spangenberg. As early as 1560 Flacius had used against Strigel the expression that hereditary sin is the substance of man. Spangenberg came to the defense of Flacius after the issuance of Johann Wigand's treatise, Von der Erbsiinde, with its blunt condemnation of Flacius, with the final result that in 1575 Spangenberg and his adherents were excommunicated and Spangenberg himself was forced to flee into the district of Sangerhausen where he occupied himself with the composition of historical works and of polemical treatises. In 1578 he, together with his protector, Count Volrad, was expelled from Sangerhausen and went to Strasburg; but in 1581 he was appointed preacher at Schlitzsee-on-theFulda in Hesse, where he was allowed to remain until 1590. During this quiet time he concluded his large works of history, but in 1591 he was deprived of office though he was allowed to live in Vacha-on the-Werra. About 1595 Count Ernst of Mansfeld, the nephew of Count Volrad, brought about Spangenberg's return to Strasburg, where he spent the rest of his life.
Spangenberg left an immense number of writings, in many respects faithfully following the lines of his father's literary activity. He furnished practical commentaries on Thessalonians (1557), the pastoral epistles (1559 sqq.), Corinthians (1559 sqq.); and compiled tables on the Pentateuch (1563) and other historical books of the Old Testament (1567). He also continued the hymnological work of his father, Christliches Gesangbiichlein, Yon den fiirnembsten Festen (137 songs, among them some of his own, 1568); Cithara Luther;, a series of sermons on the hymns of Luther (1569, reprinted Berlin, 1855); Der game Psalter . . . gesangsweise and ilk. schone geistreiche Lieder . . . der lieben PatrSarchert (1582). Among his sermons special mention may be made of Theander Lutherus (1589), a cycle of twenty-one sermons on Luther. His polemical writings refer chiefly to the controversy on original sin, on synergism, and on the Lord's Supper. 7n German literature he has a place as composer of spiritual comedies (1589-90). But his chief services were in the sphere of history, his most prominent works being Chrorticon Corinthiacum (1562); Mansfeldische Chrorcica (Eisleben 1572); Historic Manicheorum (Ursel, 1578); .8kchssische Chrortica (Frankfort, 1580); Quern,furtische Chronica (Erfurt, 1590); Adels Spiegel (Sehmalkald, 1591-94); Hennebergische Chroniea (Strasburg, 1599); Bonifacius oder deutsche Kirchert^ Historic von 7ih-766 (I603), and others.
BIHLIOORAPHY: The principal collection of Spangenberg's letters is by H. Rembe, 2 parts. Dresden, 1887--88, though others are printed in J. Fecht, Histories ecclesiastics; saculi %V1., supplement, Frankfort, 1684, and in Mansfelder Blotter, mcii. 155 aqq. On his life consult: M. Adam, Vito (3arinanmum tkaoloporum, pp. 731 sqq., Frankfort, 1853; J. Feoht, ut sup.. Apparatus, pp. 107 eqq.; J. G. Leuckfeld. Hint. Spangenberpenais. Quedlinburg. 1712 (the best); H. Rembe, in the reprint of Spaugenberg's P'ormu larbiichlean, Dresden, 1887; W. Hotz, in Beitrage zur hessxschen Kirchenpeschichte, iii. 205 sqq.; J. J. I. von D511inger, Die Reformation, ii. 270 sqq., Regensburg, 1848;
