[See page image]

Page 387

Bishops, new ed., Edinburgh, 1824; W. M. Hetherington, Hist. of the Church of Scotland, prim, New York, 1881; W. Beveridge, Makers of the Scottish Church, passim, 1908; DNB, li. 404-407.

SHARP, JOHN: Church of England archbishop of York; b. at Bradford (8 m. w. of Leeds), Yorkshire, Feb. 16, 1644-45; d. at Bath Feb. 2, 1714. His father was a puritan, his mother an ardent member of the Church of England, and from both he derived corresponding elements of character. He received his education at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1663; M.A., 1667); was made deacon and priest, 1667, and soon after became tutor in the family of Sir Heneage Finch at Kensington House, in 1673 being made archdeacon of Berkshire on Finch's nomination; in 1675 he became prebendary of Norwich and incumbent of St. Bartholomew's Exchange, London, and in 1679 lecturer at St. Lawrence, Jewry, in 1675 exchanging the incumbency for the rectorship of St. Giles's-in-the-Fields; in addition, in 1681 he was made dean of Norwich; named in 1686 chaplain in ordinary to King James II., he was provoked by attempts of Roman Catholies to convert his parishioners, preached two sermons which were construed as reflecting upon the king, and his chaplaincy was not allowed until 1687 ; further evidence of his independent spirit was shown by his refusal to read the declaration of indulgence of 1688, and by his prayers for King James before the prince of Orange in 1689; he became dean of Canterbury in 1689; declined to receive any of the sees of the Nonjurors (q.v.), but in 1691 became archbishop of York. In this position he showed himself an able and diligent administrator; he investigated the history and rights of the see, leaving the work in manuscript; he was active in repairing the minster after the fire of 1711, dealt with his clergy kindly but firmly, insisted upon sound and instructive preaching, and aimed to eliminate polemics against dissenters. Under Queen Anne he became still more influential, acted as her almoner, and was her counselor, showing great wisdom in this unofficial position. He was interested in the continental dispute between Lutherans and Calvinists, in this cause corresponding with Daniel Ernst Jablonski (q.v.), and the correspondence appeared in French translation and in the appendix to the Life (see below). Archbishop Sharp left the impression of being one of the great men of the Church of England, independent in 'opinion, straightforward in action, kindly in disposition, liberal in education and tastes, with numismatics as his diversion, leaving a collection of coins and a manuscript on the coinage of England as evidences, He left in print a large number of occasional sermons, as well as Fifteen Sermons Preached on Several Occasions (London, 1700; several editions). His Works appeared in 7 vols. (1754) and in 5 vols. (Oxford, 1829).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: His Life was written by his son Thomas, but was not printed till 1825, when it was edited by T. Newcome, and is founded upon the diary of the archbishop. Consult further: C. J. Abbey, The English Church and its Bishops, 1700-1800, i. 103-105, London, 1887; J. H. Overton, The Church in En,

gland, vol. ii., passim, ib. 1897; W. H. Hutton, The English Church (1686-1714), ib. 1903; A. Plummer, English Church History, from the Death of Charles 1. to the Death of William ill., Edinburgh, 1907; DNB, li. 4088-411.

SHARPE, SAMUEL: Egyptologist and Biblical translator; b. at London Mar. 8, 1799; d. there July 28, 1881. He was a banker, 1814-61; and, upon retirement from business, devoted himself, without university training, to Biblical study, 1861-81. In 1821 he turned from the Established to the Unitarian Church. He early became interested in Egyptology, and published Egyptian Inscriptions (1st and 2d series, London, 1836-56); History of Egypt from the Earliest Times till A.D. 640 (1846; 6th ed., 2 vols., 1876). To Biblical literature he contributed The New Testament, a translation from J. J. Griesbach's text, with notes (1840; 5th ed., 1862); The Hebrew Scriptures, a revision of the authorized version of the Old Testament (3 vols., 1865); The Holy Bible (1881), a revision of the authorized English translation; and History of the Hebrew Nation, and Literature (1869).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: P. W. Clayden, Samuel Sharpe, Egyptologist and Translator of the Bible, London, 1883; DNB, li. 425-427.

SHAW, JOHN BALCOM: Presbyterian; b. at Bellport, N. Y., May 12, 1860. He received his education at Lafayette College (B.A., 1885; M.A., 1888) and Union Theological Seminary, New York City (graduated 1888); was ordained to the ministry 1888, and was pastor of the West End Presbyterian Church, New York City, 1888-1904; and has been in charge of the Second Presbyterian Church in Chicago since 1904. He has also been president of the Presbyterian Council of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip since 1895, besides serving on the boards of various educational institutions. He has written The Difficult Life (Chicago, 1904); Life that follows Life (1907); and Vision and Service (1907; sermons).

SHAW, WILLIAM ISAAC: Wesleyan Methodist; b. at Kingston, Canada, Apr. 6,1841; was graduated from Victoria University, Cobourg, Canada (A.B., 1861; LL.B., 1864), at McGill University, Montreal (M.A., 1880); engaged in the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Canada, 1864-77; and in 1877 became professor of exegesis and church history in the Wesleyan Theological College, Montreal, of which he is principal. He is the author of Discussion on Retribution (Toronto, 1884); Digest of the Doctrinal Standards of the Methodist Church (1895).

SHEBA. See ARABIA, III.; and TABLE Oh THE NATIONS, § 6 .

SHEBNAA (SHEBNAH): A high official in the palace of Hezekiah, mentioned in Isa. xxii. 15-25, xxxvi. 3, 11, 22, xxxvii. 2; II Kings xviii. 18, 26, 37, xix. 2, and made the object of Isaiah's severe prophetic menace in the passage first mentioned. These eleven verses all refer to Shebna, as nearly all commentators agree; but though the text is free from corruption and the language is relatively clear, the passage is not without obscurity. While Isa. xxii. 20 sqq. refers to Eliakim, in verse 25 the prophet probably returns to Shebna. The place to be given Eliakim as Shebna's successor was plainly one of high rank, and Shebna himself was "over the house" (verse 15; cf. Gen. xli. 40; I Kings xviii. 3 sqq.), thus being, as it were, a major-domo. He is marked