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true science of the future." Among his writings, those of theological interest are the following: The Christian Hymnal (Philadelphia, 1867); The NewChurchman's Prayer-Book and Hymnal (1867); The Pillow of Stones: Divine Allegories in their Spiritual Meaning (1876); The Hem of his Garments: Spiritual Studies in the New Testament (1876); The New Metaphysics: or, The Law of End, Cause, and Effect (London, 1888); The Ethics of Service: or, the Moral Law of Use (New York, 1888); Dante and Swedenborg, with other Essays in the New Renaissance (London, 1893) ; Swedenborg and Modern Idealism: A Retrospect of PhilosophyfromKanttothepresentTime(1902); The Pulpit and Modern Thought (Boston, 1906); Reason in Belief. or, Faith for the Age of Science (London, 1906); and Swedenborg and the Sapientia Angelica (1910). He has translated Swedenborg's De Anima under the title The Soul or Rational Psychology (New York, 1886) and edited, with introduction and notes, Kant's Dreams of a Spirit Seer (London, 1899).

SEWALL, JOHN SMITH: Congregationalist; b. at New Castle, Me., Mar. 20, 1830. He was educated at Bowdoin College (A.B., 1850), and, after being commander's clerk in the United States Navy in China and Japan in 1850-54, entered Bangor Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1858. He was pastor at Wenham, Mass. (1859-67); chaplain of the Eighth Massachusetts Volunteers in 1864; professor of rhetoric and oratory in Bowdoin College (1867-75); and professor of sacred rhetoric in Bangor Theological Seminary from 1875 until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1903. He has written The Logbook of the Captain's Clerk (Bangor, j 1905).

Dutch Friend; b. at Amsterdam of English parentage, 1650; d. about 1725. He served his time as a weaver, but acquired Greek, Latin, English, French, and High Dutch. He is known as the author of Histori van de Opkomste, Aanwas, en Voortgang der Christenen, bekend by den naam van Quakers (Amsterdam, 1717; Eng. transl., by himself, The History of the Rise, Increase, and Progress of the Christian People Called Quakers, London, 1722; Philadelphia, 1855). One of his objects was to correct the "misrepresentations" in Gerard Croese's Historia Quakeriana (3 books, Amsterdam, 1695-1704).

SE%T: The service for the "sixth hour" in the Breviary (q.v.), recited normally at noon, to which the invariable hymn refers. Its structure is the same as that of Terce and None (qq.v.). In monastic houses it precedes the community mass on ordinary days and simple feasts, and follows it on Sundays and higher feasts.

SEYERLEN, sai'er-len, KARL RUDOLF: German Protestant; b. at Stuttgart Nov. 18, 1831; d. at Jena Mar. 28, 1906. He was educated at the University of Tiibingen (Ph.D., 1854); was curate at Giengen, near Geisslingen (1854-55); studied for a year in Paris; was then a teacher of religion at the gymnasium of Ulm (1857-59); lecturer at Tiibingen (1859-61); deacon at Crailsheim (1862-69); dea-

con (1869-72), and archdeacon (1872-75) at Tiibingen. After 1875 he was professor of homiletics and catechetics at Jena. He was associate editor of the Zeitschrift fur praktische Theologie (1879-91) and wrote Entstehung urul erste Schieksale der Christengemeinde in Rom (Tiibingen, 1874); Friedrich Rohmers Leben and urisserxschaftlicher Entwicklungsgang nach dem Entwurfe Blurxtschlis (2 vo1s., Munich, 1892); and Beziehungen zwischen abendlkadischem and morgenl&adischem Wissen mit Riicksicht auf Salomon ibn Gebirol (Leipsic, 1900). He also edited J. K. Bluntschli's Denkwiirdigkeiten aus meinem Leben (3 vols., Nordlingen, 1884) and F. Rohmer's Wissenschaft vom Mensehen (2 vols., 1885).

SEYMOUR, si'mor, GEORGE FRANKLIN: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Springfield, Ill.; b. in New York City Jan. 5, 1829; d. at Springfield, Ill., Dec. 8, 1906. He was graduated from Columbia College (A.B., 1850) and the General Theological Seminary (1854). He was ordered deacon in 1854 and was priested in 1855. From that year until 1861 he was rector of Holy Innocents, Annandale, N. Y. (1855-61), where he founded St. Stephen's College, of which he was the first warden. He was then rector at St. Mary's, Manhattanville, New York City (18612), Christ Church, Hudson, N. Y. (1862-63), and St. John's, Brooklyn (1863-67). In 1865 he was appointed professor of ecclesiastical history in the General Theological Seminary, of which he was chosen dean in 1875 and there he remained until 1879. In 1878 he was consecrated bishop of Springfield. Theologically he described himself as "an American Catholic bishop in the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church of Christ." He was a deputy from the American Church to the Old Catholic Congress at Vienna in 1897. He wrote Some Considerations why the Name of the Protestant Episcopal Church should be changed (Milwaukee, 1888); What is modern Romanism? (1885); Amusements in their Relation to Religion (Lima, Ind., 1890);

Consecration of Bishop Brooks (Milwaukee, 1892); The Transfiguration: The Place of the Feast of the Transfiguration (in collaboration with J. H. Egar; New York, 1893) ; Marriage and Divorce (Milwaukee, 1893); The Church Idea of the Family (Springfield, Ill., 1899); and The Sacrament of Baptism, Related Ordinances, and the Creed (New York, 1903).

SHAFTESBURY, shafts'buR-i, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, THIRD EARL OF. See DEISM, L, § 8 .

SHAFTESBURY, ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER, SEVENTH EARL OF: English philanthropist; b. in London Apr. 28, 1801; d. at Folkestone (60 m. s.e. of London) Oct. 1, 1885. He was educated at Harrow and at Christ Church, Oxford (M.A., 1832; D.C.L., 1841); entered parliament in 1831 and sat as a commoner 1830-31, 1833f16, and 1847-51, in that year taking his seat in the house of lords by succession to his father. His rank, connections, and abilities entitled him to a high place in government, but in the interest of his philanthropic enterprises he preferred to remain unhampered by the requirements