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in 1536. In Sept., 1536, he was in Tubingen with Melanchthon, and in Schmalkalden in Feb., 1537, where he signed Luther's articles. In July, 1540, he was sent to a discussion at Hagenau, whence he went to Strasburg and on July 18 preached there in the cathedral. Later he visited Worms, and, in 1541, Regensburg. He joined several of the Wiirttemberg theologians in pronouncing against the landgrave's bigamous marriage; meanwhile his position at court and with the government became insecure, so that in 1539 he was already thinking of going to Saxony. In 1544 he went to Tiibingen and was honored with the doctorate, and in February began to act as superintendent of the theological seminary, where he lectured on the Old Testament and on Melanchthon's Loci, also preaching with acceptability. In 1546 he carried on a discussion with the Augustinian Johann Hofmeister at Regensburg. On the approach of the Spaniards in the Schmalkald War, Schnepff fled on Jan. 7, 1547, to Blaurer at Constance, but was soon able to return. He did not accept the Interim (q.v.), and said farewell to his flock in a sermon on Nov. 11, 1548, lamented by his people, who formed a procession on his departure, while the duke sent a present. Melanchthon invited him to Wittenberg, but a professorship was offered in the University of Jena, just then being founded, where he soon had a class of sixty students. He undertook the office of superintendent, and became one of the most influential theologians and churchmen in ducal Saxony. Under political pressure he joined in opposition to Melanchthon and broke with his former friends in Wurttemberg; in the colloquy at Worms the Ernestine theologians delighted the Roman Catholics by their enmity to Brenz and Melanchthon, which caused the breaking off of the colloquy. He avoided intercourse with Brenz, who was his son Dietrich's father-in-law, and with Jakob AndreA, who was formerly his favorite scholar; against Brenz he became violent. Although he took part with Strigel and Hiigel (reluctantly) in the Konfutalionsbuch, he endeavored to make peace between Strigel and Flacius.

Blaurer, 1609-l,8, ed. T. Schiess, 2 vols., Freiburg, 19081910; ADB, xxxii. 168 sqq.

SCHNITZER, shnit'zer, JOSEF: German Roman Catholic; b. at Lauingen (24 m. n.e. of Ulm), Bavaria, June 15, 1359. He studied at the universities of Munich and Vienna (1889-91); was associate professor of church history and canon law at the Lyceum of Dillingen (1893-1902); accepted, in 1902, the position of ,professor of the history of dogma, symbolics, and pedagogics at the Univer-

sity of Munich. In 1908, in .consequence of his Modernism, he was suspended from exercising all ecclesiastical functions and was given leave of absence as professor. The intention was to transfer him to the philosophical faculty, but this has not yet been done. In addition to preparing the second edition of I. Silbernagl's Verfassltng and gegertwartiger Bestand sBmtlicher Kirchen. des Orients (Regensburg, 1904), he has written Btrengar von Tours, sein Leben and seine Lehre (Munich, 1890); Die Gesta Romance Ecclesice des Kardinals Beno and andere Streitachriften der schismatischen Kardinale under Gregor VII. (Bamberg, 1892); Katholisches Eherecht (Freiburg, 1898); Quellen and Forschuugen zur Geachichte Savonarolas (3 parts, Munich, 19021904); and Hat Jesus das Papstthum gestiftell (1910).

SCHNUETGEN, shniit'gen, ALE%: German Roman Catholic; b. at Steele (3 m. e. of Essen) Feb. 22, 1843. He studied at Munster, Tiibingen, Louvain, and Mainz (1860-66), and since 1866'has been a member of the clergy staff of Cologne Cathedral, where he has been successively vicar (1866-87) and a member of the chapter (since 1887). He has likewise been honorary professor of Christian archeol ogy at the University of Bonn. Besides editing the Zeitschrift fur christliche Kunst since 1888, he has collaborated in preparing Katalog seiner Sammlung von Geweben and Stickereien des Mittelalters and der Renaissance (Cologne, 1876), and in editing the Ada manuscript of Treves (Leipsic, 1889).

SCHODDE, shod'de, GEORG HENRY: Lutheran; b. at Alleghany City, Pa., Apr. 15, 1854. He was graduated from Capital University, Columbus, 0. (A.B., 1872), the theological seminary of the same institution (1874), and studied at the universities of Tiibingen (1874-75) and Leipsic (Ph.D., 1876). After holding a pastorate in his denomination at Wheeling, W. Va. (1877-82), he was appointed to his present position of professor of Greek at Capital University, and has also been professor of New-Testament exegesis in the theological seminary attached to the same university since 1894. In theology he is a positive conservative Lutheran, and has written The Protestant Church in Germany (Philadelphia, 1903). He is editor of the Theological Magazine (Columbus, O.) and has translated from the Ethiopic the Book of Enoch (Andover, 1882) and the Book of Jubilees (Oberlin, '1888), and from the German Franz Delitzsch's Day in CaPerreaum (New York, 1887) and B. Weiss's Religion of the New Testament (1905) and Commentary on the New Testament (2 vols., 1906).

SCHOEBERLEIN, sh8'ber-lain, L U D W I G FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran; b. at Kolmberg (28 m. w.s.w. of Nuremberg) Sept. 6, 1813; d. at Gottingen July 8, 1881. After studying at Munich and Erlangen, he was a private tutor at Bonn and city vicar at Munich: In 1841 he became theological lecturer and privat-docent at Erlangen, and in 1850 went to Heidelberg as associate professor of theology. From 1855 until his death he was full professor of the same subject at GSttingen, being also consistorial councilor after 1862 and ab-