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ROWE, PETER TRIMBLE: Protestant Episcopal missionary bishop of Alaska; b. at Meadowville, Ont., Nov. 20, 1856. He was educated at Trinity University, Toronto (B.A., 1878); was a missionary at Garden River, Ont. (1876-82); a missionary at Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. (1882-95); and a commissioner of schools in Chippewa County, Mich. (1890-94). In 1895 he was consecrated bishop of the newly created missionary diocese of Alaska.

ROWLANDS, DANIEL: Welsh Methodist; b. at Pantybeudy, parish of Nautcwnlle (40 m. n.n.w. of Swansea), Cardiganshire, Wales, in 1713; d. at Llangeitho (41 m. n.w. of Swansea) Oct. 16, 1790. Of his youth and early manhood nothing is known, except that he studied at the grammar-school of Hereford. Ordained deacon in London, 1733, whither he traveled on foot, and priest in 1735, he became curate to his brother at Llangeitho. Some time before 1736 he became curate at Ystrad Ffin, Carmarthenshire, and presently began to organize Calvinistic Methodist societies. His Methodistic zeal cost him his curacy of Ystrad Ffin, but he received instead that of Llanddewi Brefi, Cardiganshire. In 1763 Bishop Squire suspended him from clerical functions, and henceforth he preached in an improvised building at Llangeitho, thronged for twenty-five years by pilgrims from all parts of Wales in addition to his congregation. He exercised an immense power as a preacher, ranking next to George WhitefiAld. Once in his history a revival began with his reading of the litany of the Church of England. At the words, " By thine agony and bloody sweat, good Lord, deliver us," the congregation began to weep loudly. Eight Sermons, translated from the Welsh, -ere published (London, 1774); and Three Sermons (1778; new ed. in Welsh, 1876, with memoir).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The best memoir is thatLan the 1878 ed. of the Sermons (ut sup.) in Welsh. Consult further: J. Owen, Memoir of the Rev. Daniel Rowlands, London, 1840; E. Morgan, Ministerial Records; or, brief Account of the great Progress of Religion under . . . D. Rowlands

London, 1840; J. C. Ryle, Christian Leaders of the Last Century, London, 1869; Owen Jones, Some of the Great Preachers of Wales, London, 1885; DNB, xlix. 350351.

ROWLANDS, DAVID: Welsh Congregationalist; b. at Geufron, Rhosybol, Anglesea, Mar. 4, 1836. He was educated at the Independent College, Bala, New College, London (B.A., University of London, 1860), and the Congregational Memorial College, Brecon. He was ordained in 1861, and held Congregational pastorates at the Welsh church in Lla,nbrynmair, Montgomeryshire (1861-67), and the English churches in Welshpool, Montgomeryshire (1867-71), and Carmarthen (1871-72). Since 1872 he has been connected with the Congregational Memorial College, Brecon, Wales, where he has been professor of mathematics (1872-82), professor of Greek Testament exegesis and church history (1882-96), and principal and professor of Greek Testament exegesis and practical theology (since 1896). He has been for many years adjudicator in poetry and prose at the National Eisteddfod, and has also been a member of the Gorsedd of the Bards of the Isle of Britain, with the degrees of Druid and Bard under the pseudonym of Dewi Mon, since

1863, and a member of the Honorable Society of Cymmrodorion since 1874. In theology he is a liberal conservative. He was associate editor of Yr Annibyttwr (" The Independent "); Y Dysgedydd (" The Instructor"; the monthly journal of the Welsh Congregationalists); Cambrian Minstrelsie, a collection of Welsh airs, to which he contributed the notes and most of the Welsh and English lyrics (6 vols., Edinburgh, 1893); and Caniedydd yr Ysgol Sul (" Sunday School Songster "), to which he contributed many hymns (1898); and also edited Telyn Tudno (" Tudno's Harp "), the poetical works of Tudno (Wrexham, 1897). In addition to twelve volumes of sermons and his Men and Women of the Old arid New Testaments (6 vols., Manchester, 1904), special mention may be made of his Caniadau Serch (" Songs of the Affections," Bala, 1854); Sermons on Historical Subjects (London, 1870); Gramadeg Cymraeg (" Welsh Grammar "; Wrexham 1874); Gwersi mewn Gramadeg (" Lessons in Grammar "; Dolgelly, 1876); the librettos of the late Joseph Parry's Emmanuel, Arianwen, Blodwen, Joseph, and Paul; and the notes on I and II Thessalonians in the Bibl y Teulu (" Bible for the Family "; Denbigh, 1906).

ROYCE, JOSIAH: Layman, philosopher; b. at Grass Valley, Nevada Co., Cad., Nov. 20, 1855. He was graduated from the University of California (1875); was instructor in English literature and logic in the same institution, 1878-82; instructor and assistant professor at Harvard University, 1882-92; and has been professor of the history of philosophy there since 1892. He is the author of Religious Aspect of Philosophy: Critique of the Bases of Conduct arid of Faith (Boston, 1885); California, from the Conquest of 1846 to the Second Vigilance Committee in San Francisco (1886); Spirit of Modern Philosophy (1892); Conception of God: philosophical Discussion concerning the Nature of the Divine Idea as a demonstrable Reality (in collaboration with others; New York, 1897); Studies of Good and Evil: Essays upon Problems of Philosophy and of Life (1898); Conception. of Immortality (1900); The World and the Individual (2 series, Gifford lectures; London and New York, 1900-01); Outlines of Psychology (1903); Herbert Spencer; an Estimate and a Review (New York, 1904); Philosophy of Loyalty (1908); and Race Questions, Provincialism, arid Other American Questions (1908).

ROYSTON, PETER SORENSON: Church of England; b. in London June 6, 1830. He was educated at St. Paul's School, London, and at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1853; M.A., 1861; D.D., 1872); was resident tutor in the Church Missionary College, London, 1853-55; corresponding secretary for the Church Missionary Society and incumbent of that society's church at Madras, India, 1855-62 and 1866-71, during the same period editing the Madras Church Missionary Record; fellow of Madras University, 1858-73; incumbent of St. Thomas', Mauritius, 1865; was chosen bishop of Mauritius, 1872, resigning because of ill-health in 1891; was assistant bishop to the bishop of Liverpool, 1891-1905; vicar of Childwall, 1896-1903, and rural