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LAMBERT LE BèAGUE; Belgian ecclesiastic; b. in the first quarter of the twelfth century of a

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Leo I-IX THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 450 than before. For this reason, when the earth was divided among the apostles, Rome was reserved to Peter, that here, at the very center, the decisive triumph might be won over the earthly wisdom of philosophy and the power of the demons; and thus from the head the light of truth streams out through the whole body. In Leo's eyes the decrees of the Council of Chalcedon acquired their validity from his confirmation. The wide range of this theory justifies the application to him of the title of the first pope. (N. BoxwaTscA.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Opera were edited by P. Quesnel, 2 vols., Paris, 1675 (defended Hilary against Leo, therefore put on the Index); and by P. and H. Ballerina, 3 vole.. Venice, 1753-57 (contain works of doubtful authenticity), from which they were reprinted in MPL, liv,

lvi., with life by Anastasius Bibliothecarius (given with commentary in MPL, exxviii. 299 sqq.) and Quesnel's Diesertatio. Fifty selected letters are;printed in H. Hurter, Opuscula sacrorum patrum selecta, ser. 1, vols., xxv-xxvi., Innsbruck, 1874. An Eng. transl. of selected letters and sermons is given in NPNF, 2 ser., vol. xii., together with a life and prolegomena.

Data concerning Leo's life may be sought in: Liber pontifcalia, ed. Mommsen in MGH, Gest. pont. Rom., i (1898), 101-106; Tillemont, Memoires, xv. 414-832 (accurate, impartial); Jaffd, Regesta, pp. 34 aqq.; W. A. Arendt, Leo der Groom and seine Zeit, Mainz, 1835 (Roman Catholic, apologetic); E. Perthel, Leo's 1. Leben and Lehren, Jena, 1843 (Protestant and depreciatory); T. Greenwood Cathedra Petri, i., book vi., chaps. iv.-vi., London, 1859; F. Bahringer, Die Kirche Christi and Are ZeupM vol. xii., Stuttgart, 1879; C. H. Gore, in Fathers for English Readers, London, 1880; DCB, iii. 652-673 (minute); F. Gregorovins, Hist. of the City of Rome, i. 189-228; London, 1894. Views of his activities are given by P. Kuhn, Die Christologie Leos I., Wfirzburg, 1894; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, ii. 302-356, 564, Eng. tranel" vols. iii.-iv.; O. Bardenhewer, Patrolopie, pp. 460 sqq., Freiburg, 1901; Harnack, Dogma, vols. ii.-v., passim. Consult also, Ceillier, Auteura sacrts, x. 169-275; Bower, Popes, i. 189-248; Milman, Latin Christianity, i. 253 sqq.; Neander, Christian Church, vol. ii., passim; Schaff, Christian Church, iii. 314 eqq. et passim.

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