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ment, said, " To this will I subscribe." He was fearless in the avowal of his convictions, and petitioned the queen earnestly but unsuccessfully to spare the lives of two Dutch Anabaptists.

Fox's title to fame rests upon the Book of Martyrs, in the compilation of which he had the assistance of Crammer and others. The first complete English edition appeared in London, 1563 (2d ed., 1570; 3d, 1576; 4th, 1583; etc.), with the title Aetes and monuments of these latter and perillous dayes, touching matters of the Church . . . from the yeare of our Lorde a thousande, to the tyme now present, etc. Of the numerous later editions mention may be made of those of S. R. Cattley, with dissertation by J. Townsend (8 vols., London, 1837-49) and J. Pratt, with introduction by J. Stoughton (8 vols., London, 1877). The work has been often abridged as by M. H. Seymour (London, 1838). For list of other writings by Fox, cf. the Lives of the British Reformers (London, 1873). By order of Elizabeth a copy of the Book of Martyrs was placed in the common halls of archbishops, bishops, deans, etc., and in all the colleges and chapels throughout the kingdom. It exercised a great influence upon the masses of the people long after its author was dead. Nicholas Fermr (q.v.) had a chapter of it read every Sunday evening in his community of Little Gidding along with the Bible. The Roman Catholics early attacked it, and pointed out its blunders. Fox was not in all cases accurate or dispassionate, but he was a man of wonderful industry. His book was a book for the times and produced a salutary impression.

D. S. SCHAFF.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The earliest and popular life, the authorship of which is not known, is unreliable and not selfconsistent; it was prefixed to vol. ii. of the Actes and Monuments, edition of 16441; biographical notes of value were prefixed by Richard Day in his edition of Christus Triumphana, 1579; G. Townsend, Life and Defence of J. Foxe, London, 1841 (prefixed to the 1841 edition of the Actes and Monuments. careless and incorrect, bettered in the 3d ed. by J. Pratt, 1870). An elaborate memoir, with indefinite reference to sources, is in DNB, xx. 141150.

FOX, JOHN: Presbyterian; b. at Doylestown, Pa., Feb. 13, 1853. He was graduated at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., in 1872 and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1876. He held pastorates at Hampden Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Md., 1877-82, North Presbyterian Church, Allegheny, Pa., 1882-93, and Second Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, 1893-98. Since 1898 he has been corresponding secretary of the American Bible Society. He is also a member of the board of directors and board of trustees of Princeton Theological Seminary and of the board of foreign missions of the Presbyterian Church. In theology lie is a conservative Calvinist, and emphasizes his belief in the plenary and verbal inspiration of the Scriptures.

FOX, NORMAN: Baptist; b. at Glens Falls, New York, Feb. 13, 1836; d. in New York City June 23, 1907. He was graduated at the University of Rochester in 1855 and Rochester Theolob ical Seminary in 1857. He was pastor of the Baptist church at. Whitehall, N. Y., 1859'12, and chaplain of the Seventy-Seventh New York Volun-

teers, Army of the Potomac, 1862-64. In 1868-69 he edited the Central Baptist (St. Louis, Mo.), and from 1869 to 1874 was professor in the school of theology in William Jewell College, Liberty, Mo. After 1874 he was engaged in literary and religious work, being temporary editor of The National Baptist in 1881, assistant editor of The Independent in 1884-85, and editor of the Colloquium (New York) in 1889-90. He wrote A Layman's Ministry (New York, 1883); Preacher and Teacher: A Life of Thomas Rambaut, LL.D. (1892); and Christ in the Daily Meal (1898).

FOX (FOXE), RICHARD: English statesman, bishop of Winchester; b. at Ropesley, near Grantham (23 m. s.s.w. of Lincoln), Lincolnshire, c. 1448; d. at Winchester Oct. 5, 1528. He was educated at Winchester, at Magdalen College, Oxford, and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and afterward studied theology and canon law in Paris, where he became a favorite of Henry, Earl of Richmond, then in exile. Henry entrusted him with the conduct of negotiations with the French court in the interest of an invasion of England, and, on his accession to the throne as Henry VII., conferred on him the offices of principal secretary of state and lord privy seal, and in 1487 appointed him bishop of Exeter. In 1492 Fox was translated to the see of Bath and Wells, in 1494 to that of Durham, and in 1501 to Winchester. Throughout the reign of Henry VII. his influence was supreme in affairs of State. He negotiated several important treatises with Austria, France, and Scotland, and arranged for the marriage of Princess Margaret with James IV. of Scotland. He was also chancellor of the University of Cambridge (1500), master of Pembroke Hall (1507-19), and one of the executors of Henry VII. Under Henry VIII. he was gradually succeeded, both in royal favor and political influence, by his former prot6g4, Thomas Wolsey. In 1516 he resigned the custody of the privy seal and retired to his diocese. Besides making liberal donations to numerous churches, hospitals and colleges, including Magdalen College, Oxford, and Pembroke College, Cambridge, he established and endowed schools at Taunton and Grantham, and founded (1516) Corpus Christi College, Oxford, which was the pioneer college of the Renaissance in the English universities. He established in the new institution a lectureship in Greek, which until then had not been officially recognized at either Oxford or Cambridge, brought over the Italian humanist, Ludovicus Vives, as reader of Latin, and required the reader of theology, in his interpretations of Scripture, to give the preference to the Greek and Latin Fathers rather than to scholastic commentators. Fox contributed to a little book entitled, A Contemplation of Sinners (London, 1499), edited the Processional (Rouen, 1508), and translated the rule of St. Benedict (London, 1517).

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The Register of Richard Fox, ed. by E. C. Batten, . with a Life of Bishop Fox, London, 1889 (only 100 copies printed); DNB, xx. 150-156 (where other sources are indicated).

FOX, WILLIAM JOHNSON: English Unitarian; b. at Uggeshall Farm, Wrentham (20 m. s.e. of