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Testament Theology (1890); Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans (Nashville, Tenn., 1891); Brief History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (New York, 1894); Our Doctrines (Nashville, Tenn., 1897); and Systematic Theology (1898).

FOWLER, CHARLES HENRY: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Burford, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 11, 1837; d. in New York Mar. 20, 1908. He was graduated at Genesee College (now Syracuse University) in 1859, and at Garrett Biblical Institute, Evanston,Ill., in 1861. He studied law, but never practised. He held various pastorates (in Chicago 1861-72), and from 1872 to 1876 was president of Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. He was editor of the New York Christian Advocate 1876-80 and corresponding secretary, of the missionary society of his denomination 1880-84. In 1884 ne was elected bishop and for eight years resided on the Pacific Coast, later living in Minneapolis, Minn., Buffalo, N. Y., and New York City. He was a delegate to the General Convention in 1872, 1876, 1880, and 1884, and a fraternal delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in 1874, as well as the Wesleyan Conference at London in 1898. He made extensive official tours; visiting South America in 1885, and Japan, China, and Korea in 1888, also a tour of the world, visiting the Methodist Episcopal missions in Malaysia and India. He was extremely active in the cause of education, being the founder of the Maclay College of Theology in southern California; the Wesleyan University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Neb., Peking University at Peking, China, and Nanking University in central China. He also founded missions of his denomination in South America and established the first Methodist Episcopal church in St. Petersburg, Russia. He wrote The Fallacies of Colenso Retrieaaed (Cincinnati, O., 1861); Wines of the Bible (New York, 1878); and Missions and World Move ments (1903).

FOWLER, EDWARD: An English clergyman connected with the liberal school in the Church of England and with the " Cambridge Platonists " (q.v.); b. at Westerleigh (8 m. e.n.e. of Bristol), Gloucestershire, 1632; d. at Chelsea Aug. 26, 1714. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (B.A.' 1653), and then migrated to Trinity, Cambridge (M.A., 1655). He was for a while Presbyterian chaplain to the Dowager Countess of Kent, and rector of $orhill, Bedfordshire, from 1656. On the passing of the Act of Uniformity, he hesitated for a while, but finally conformed, and, besides two London livings, received a prebend at Glouces ter in 1676, and became bishop of that see in 1691. He is related with the Cambridge school by his correspondence with More, especially on ghost stories, from 1678 to 1681, and by his defense of their doctrines, published anonymously as a " Free Discourse " on the Principles and Practice o f cer tain Moderate Divines . . . called Latitudinarians (London, 1670). Its better-known sequel, The Design o f Christianity (1671), vigorously attacked by Bunyan, and the Libertm Evangelica (1680), may also be mentioned. Influenced as he was by

the Platonic school, he yet does not strictly belong to their ranks. His type of latitude was that characteristic of the Revolution period, when the movement had largely ceased to occupy itself with higher philosophy and had become practical, political, and ambitious.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: A. & Wood, Athenm Osonienne, ii. 780, 790, 888, London, 1692; E. Calemy, Historiml Account of my Own life, pp. 90, 95, 330, 494, ib. 1713; Biopraphia Britanniaz, iii. 2012, ib. 1784; J. Tulloch, Rational Thwlopy . in 17th Century, ii. 35, 437 eqq., Edinburgh, 1882;

DNB, zz. 84-86 (contains list of his work. and full refer. ones to souroes).

FOWLER, JOSEPH THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Winterton (12 m. s.w. of Hull), Lincolnshire, June 9, 1833. He was educated at St. Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London (M.R.C.S., L.S.A., 1856), and Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham (B.A., 1861), and was house surgeon at St. Thomas' Hospital 1856-57 and at the Bradford Infirmary 1857-58. After the completion of his theological studies he was curate of Houghtonle-Spring, Durham, 1861-63, chaplain and precentor at St. John's College, Hurstpierpoint, 18641869, and curate of North Kelsey, I.incolnehire,1870. Since 1870 he has been vice-principal of Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham, and university lecturer in Hebrew since 1871, as well as university librarian from 1873 to 1901. He was public examiner in theology 1874-75, senior proctor 1876-77 and 1899-1901, and junior proctor 1882-87. He was keeper of Bishop Cosin's library in 1889 and has been honorary canon of Durham since 1897. He has been for many years local secretary for Durham of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of London, and vice-president of the Surtees Society since 1873. In theology he is an orthodox Churchman, inclining neither to Protestantism nor Roman Catholicism. He has edited for the Surtees Society Acts of the Chapter of Ripon (Newcastle, 1875); The Newminster Cartulary (1878); Memorials of Ripon (3 vols., 1882-88); Metrical Life of St. Cuthbert (1891); Durham Account Rolls (3 vols., 1898-1901); and Rites of Durham (1903); for the Yorkshire Archaeological Society Cistercian Statutes (London, 1890); for the Yorkshire Record Society Coucher Book of Selby (2 vols., Worksop, 1891-93); and also Adamnani Vita Sancti Columbce (Oxford, 1894). He has written Life and Letters of John Bacchus Dykes (London, 1897); Durham Cathedral (1898), and Durham University (1904).

FO%, GEORGE: Founder of the Society of

Friends; b. at Dmyton-in-the-Clay (Fenny Dray

ton, 15 m. s.w. of Leicester), Leicestershire, July,

1624; d. in London Jan. 13, 1691. His father,

Christopher Fox, was a weaver, called " righteous

Christer " by his neighbors; his mother, Mary

Lago, was, he tells us, " of the stock of the Mar

tyrs." From childhood, Fox was of a serious, re

ligious disposition. " When I came to eleven

years of age," he says (Journal, p. 2),

Early " 1 knew pureness and righteousness;

Life. for, while I was a child, I was taught

how to walk to be kept pure. The

Lord taught me to be faithful, in all things, and to

act faithfully two ways; viz., inwardly to God, and