as pope was the stand which he made against the Monophysite policy of the Emperor Zeno, f rom whom Felix, writing to announce his election, demanded the deposition of Peter Mongus, the moderate Monophysite set up by the emperor as patriarch of Alexandria (see MONOPHYSITES, § § 5 sqq. ). He wrote at the same time to Acacius, boldly summoning him to appear for judgment in Rome, and declaring in favor of the Council of Chalcedon. Zeno threw the Roman legates into prison, and Acacius worked on them until they agreed to hold communion with the representatives of Peter Mongus. When Felix heard of this, he deposed both them and Acacius (July, 484). There was a thorough breach between East and West, and in the former Felix's name was stricken from the diptychs. But the Easterns repented their hasty action. Before 489 some of them had opened negotiations with Felix, and, after the death of Acacius, Zeno agreed to the elevation of an orthodox prelate of the name of Flavitas to the patriarchal throne, and the notification of his election to Felix. The pope assumed an attitude of reserve, and even after the accession of a new emperor, Anastasius, he was still obliged to maintain a firm position, requiring the restoration of the decrees of Chalcedon to their rightful position, the deposition of the opponents of Rome, and the erasure of the names of Acacius and Peter from the diptychs. With equal energy he took up the cause of the persecuted orthodox Christians in the Vandal kingdom, and showed himself in every way a worthy successor of Leo the Great. He died at the end of Feb., 492, and is commemorated as a saint on Feb. 25.

(H. BOHMER.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources are: L fiber pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, i. 92 sqq., Paris, 1886; idem, ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, Gest. Pont. Rom., i (1898), 114-115; Evagrius, Hist. eccl., iii. 14 sqq.; Victor Tonnennesis, Chronica, ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, A uct. ant., xi (1893), 190-191. Consult: R. Baxmann, Die Politik der P6pste, i. 15-16, Elberfeld, 1868; J. Langen, Geschichte der r0mischen Kirehe, . . b ie Nikolaw 1., pp. 140 eqq.; Bower, Popes, i. 271-282; Milman, Latin Christianity, i. 328-331; DCB, ii. 482-485.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Liber P ontiificalis, ed. Duchesne, i. 106, 279280, Paris. 1886; idem, ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, Gest. Pont. Rom. 1 (1898), 138; Cassiodorus, Varia: viii. epis tola. ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH. Auct. ant., xiI (1894),

246; R. Baxmann, Die Polilik der P6pste, 1. 30, Elberfeld, 1868; J. Langen, Geschichte der r6mischen Kirche, ii. 300 sqq., Bonn, 1885; Bower, Popes, i. 327-331; DCB, iv.485-486.

Felix V. (Duke Amadeus of Savoy): Antipope (or pope) Jan. 5, 1440-Apr. 7, 1449. He was born Dec. 4, 1383, and as ruler in Savoy and the county of Geneva proved himself mild and successful, and won a reputation for piety. He abdicated in 1434 and retired to Ripaille, on Lake Geneva, where he lived in retirement with a few frielMs. His wife (Maria of Burgundy) was already dead. He was elected pope by the Council of Basel, Nov. 5, 1439, after it had deposed Eugenius IV. (see BASEL, COUNCIL OF). Although he had neither a theological nor a canonical education and must now for the first time study Latin, Amadeus accepted, called himself Felix V., and selected a curia which consisted mostly of Frenchmen. The majority of those whom he tried to make cardinals declined. When, on July 24, 1440, he was consecrated bishop by the cardinal of Arles and was afterward crowned with the tiara, for want of cardinals his two sons ministered at the mass. No country promised allegiance to him. Without ecclesiastical state and without income he resided at Lausanne and Geneva. No improvement in his position followed the death of Eugenius IV. (1449), and Germany acknowledged as the latter's successor Nicholas V. In 1449 Felix voluntarily resigned the pontificate and advised his followers to acknowledge Nicholas V. as pope. For this he received the title of Cardinal of Santa Sabina, the dignity of papal vicargeneral of all estates of the house of Savoy, the dioceses of Basel, Strasburg, etc. He again retired to Ripaille and died at Geneva Jan. 7,1451, regarded as a worthy old man. PAUL TSCHACKERT.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: G. Voigt. Pius 11., vol. i., Berlin, 1856; Bower, Popes, iii. 229-237; Milman, Latin Christianity, viii. 58-102; Creighton, Papacy, iii. 22-111; Pastor, Popes, i. 328-330 et passim.

FELIX, SAINT: First bishop of the East Angles; d. 647. He was a Burgundian who came to England inspired by missionary zeal, and was sent by Honorius, archbishop of Canterbury, to East Anglia. The foothold of Christianity in the land was then very slight, but a Christian king, Sigbert, came to the throne about the time of Felix's arrival, and the two together soon accomplished the conversion of the people. Felix was consecrated bishop by Honorius in 631 and fixed his seat at Dunwich, a town on the Suffolk coast, long since washed away by the sea. He obtained teachers from Canterbury for a school founded by Sigbert, and, with the help of an Irish monk, Fursa (q.v.), introduced monastic life. Under Furs.-'s influence Sigbert resigned his throne and retired to a cell. Felix's day is Mar. 8.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: The one source is Bede, Hiat. eccl., ii. 15, Iii. 18. 20. Consult A. Jessopp, in the Diocesan Histories, Norwich. London, 1884; and Dr. Stubbs, in DCB, ii. 489-

FELIX AND FESTUS: Two Roman governors of Judea. According to the Book of Acts (xxiv. 10) the former had been ruling for many years at the time of the imprisonment of Paul in 58 or 59.