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Felgnhauer Felia and Feetne THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG

1893 he taught in a gymnasium at GSttingen, and in 1893 became privat-docent in the university of the same city. In 1894 he was appointed professor of New Testament exegesis in the Evangelical theological faculty at Vienna and in 1907 accepted a call to Breslau. He has written Eine vorkanonische UeberlieferungdesLukas imEvangeliumund Apostelgeschichte (Goths, 1891); Der Jakobusbrief (Eisenach, 1893); Das gesetzesfreie Evangelium des Paulus (Leipsie, 1898); Jesus Christus and Paulus (1902); Die Erneuerung des paulinischen Christentums durch Luther (1903); Der Romerbrief (G6ttingen, 1903); Das Christentum Jesu and das Christentum der Apostel in, ihrer Abgrenzung gegen die Religionsgeschichte (Stuttgart, 1904) ; and Paulus als Theologe (Berlin, 1906).

FELGENHAUER, fel'gen-hauler, PAUL: Theosophist and pantheistic mystic; b. at Putschwitz (district of Podersam 45 m. w.n.w. of Prague), Bohemia, Nov. 16, 1593, old style; d. not before 1660. His father was a Lutheran minister of Putschwitz. He studied theology at Wittenberg and became deacon there in the Schlosskirche. Being obliged to leave Wittenberg soon afterward, he returned to Bohemia and circulated his remarkable views in writings, affirming in his Chronologie (1620) that the world was created 4,234 years before the birth of Christ, and that the end was immediately at hand. Persecutions of the Protestants compelled him to leave Bohemia. He was at Amsterdam in 1623, then is found in the vicinity of Bremen, again in Holland, and lastly at Hamburg as late as 1660. His manifold chiliastlc and mystical tracts, wherein he described the existingChurch as an obdurate Babel, were eagerly read by people of the lower classes. Theologians more than once attacked his doctrines, particularly Georg Rost, court preacher of Gustrow, and the clergy of Hamburg, Bremen, Labeck, and Uineburg. He was imprisoned for a time by the authorities of Celle

and Hanover. It is not known when or where h died. A partial list of his numerous writings is i Adelung, pp. 400 sqq. CARL BERTHEAU.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: C. H: Starke, Lubeca lutherano-evangeliea. Hamburg, 1724; G. Arnold, Kirchen- and Ketzerhistorie

ii. 373 sqq., Schaffhausen, 1741; [J. C. AdelungJ Ge

achichte der menachlichen Narrheit, iv. 388-407, Leipsic

1787; ADB, viii, 278-279. FELICISSIMUS. See CYPRIAN, § 2.

FELIX: The name of four popes and one antipope, who is sometimes counted as a fifth pope.

Felix I.: Pope 269-274. He succeeded Di nysius, becoming pope on Jan. 5, 269. The only positive fact known of his pontificate is the state- ment of Eusebius (Hilt. eccl., VII., xxx. 19; cf. 23 that in the controversy in Antioch instigated b Paul of Samosata (see MONARCHIANISM, 111.) t

Emperor Aurelian decided that the church building should be given to " those to whom the bishops of Italy and of the city of Rome should adjudge it." From this it is probable that Felix exchanged litterte communicationis with Domnus of Antioch, and that he expressed his opposition to Paul of Samosata at greater length in a letter to Maximus of Alexandria. The latter document was tampered

298 with in an Apollinarian sense at the end of the fourth century, and in this shape was considered by the Council of Ephesus (431). According to the Depositio episcoporum (354) Felix died a natural death, and was buried in the catacomb of St. Calixtus, Dec. 30, 274. (H. BOHMER.) BIBLIOGRAPHY: Catalogue Liberianua, ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, Auct. ant., ix (1891), 75; Liber Pontificalie, ad. Duchesne, i. 158. Paris, 1886; idem, ed. T. Mommsen, in MGH, Geat. Pont. Rom., i (1898 ). 37: Jaffd. Regeata, i. 23; J. Langen, Geachichte der riimischen Kirche bia Leo 1., pp. 36b-369, Bonn, 1881; DCB, n. 479-480.

Felix B.: Pope 355-358. When Liberius (q.v.) was banished at the end of 355 by the Emperor Constantius, whose policy he had opposed, the Roman clergy took an oath not to recognize another bishop as long as Liberius lived; but the oath was soon forgotten, and the Archdeacon Felix was persuaded to become bishop. He was consecrated by three Arian bishops, including Acacius of

Cxsarea, in the imperial palace, and, though not an Arian himself, he supported the policy of external union favored by Constantius and held communion with the Arians. The majority of the Roman clergy were won over by imperial favors to support Felix, but the people remained true to Liberius and refused allegiance to the former. Conatantiua on coming to Rome, Apr. 28, 357, found so much discord that he expressed his willingness to restore Liberius, after he had agreed to sign the third Sirmian formula of the summer of 358 and to rule jointly with Felix. But on the approach of Liberius to the city, Felix was driven out, and, after unsuccessful attempts to regain his position, died at Porto Nov. 20, 365. From the sixth century on a curiously inaccurate legend grew up about his name which made him a venerated saint and martyr. The oldest evidences for this are the Liber Pon tificalis, the Acta Felicia, and the Acta Eusebii. Dbllinger thinks this the result of a confusion with

an African bishop and martyr of the same name, e whose remains were translated to the same spot n on the Via Aurelia where later the church named after Pope Felix was erected. (H. BtiHMER.) BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources are: Faustinus and Marcellinus, Libellus precum ad imperatores, in MPL, xiii. 81; Atha- - nasius. Arian History, chap. 75, in NPNF 2 ser., iv. 298: Socrates, Hiat. eccl., ii. 37, in NPNF, 2 ser., ii. 61-65; Sozomen, Hist. eccl., iv. 11 aqq:: m NPNF, 2 ser_ ii. 306 aqq.; Theodoret. 'Hint. eccl., n. 13, in NPNF, 2 ser., iii. 77-79; Jerome, De vir. ill., chap. xcviii.; Liber Pony tificalia, ed. Duchesne, i. 211, Paris, 1886; idem, ed. T. Mommaen, in MGH, Geat. Font. Rom., i (1898), 80-81. Consult: J. Langen. Geach%ehte der rGmiachen Kirche bia Leo 1., pp. 471 sqq., Bonn, 1881; DCB, ii. 480-482; Bower, Popes, i. 37; Milman, Latin Christianity, i. 104- Y 105. On the Felix fable consult the Acta Felicia, ed. E. Baluze, Miscellanea, i. 33 eqq., Paris, 1761; J. J. I. ) DSllinger, Die Papatfabeln des Mittelaltera, pp. 128-145. y Munich, 1863. Eng. tranel., Fables, pp. 183-209. New he York, 1872.

Felix III.: Pope 483-492. He was the son of a Roman presbyter of the same name, and was probably attached as a deacon to the Church of St. Paul when, in the beginning of Mar., 483, with the assent of Odoacer, he was chosen pope. Appar-

ently he had been married before this and had several children, from one of whom Gregory the Great was descended. His principal importance