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200 ministers and readers. The Jews support their own poor and raise about £150,000 annually for religious and benevolent purposes. The Mohammedans have a mosque. The Greeks have churches in London, Manchester, and Liverpool; the Armenians possess churches in London and Manchester; and the French, Dutch, Swedes, and Swiss have places of worship in London, Norwich, and Canterbury. The Roman Catholic Church has in the British Empire thirty archiepiscopal and 106 episcopal sees, thirty-four vicariatea, and twelve prefectures apostolic. Including two delegates apostolic, seven coadjutors and seven auxiliary bishops, the archbishops and bishops now holding office in the British Empire number 180.

There are in the British Isles fifty theological schools, divided as follows: Church of England

twenty-one, i.e., sixteen theological

5. Theo- colleges, Aberdare (founded in 1892), logical Cambridge (Ridley Hall, 1881), ChiSchools. cheater (1839), GSlddeadon (1854), Edinburgh (1845), Ely (1876), Isle of Man (Bishop Wilson Theological School, 1897), Leeds Clergy School (1876), Lichfield (1857), Lincoln (1874), Oxford (Wycliffe Hall, 1876, and St. Stephen's House, 1876), St. Aidan's (1846), Highbury (St. John's Hall, University of London, 1863), Salisbury (1861), and Wells (1840--and five missionary colleges,-St. Augustine's (Canterbury), Islington, Burgh (Lincolnshire), Dorchester (Oxfordshire), and St. Boniface (Warminster). The Methodists have eight colleges, i.e., the Wesleyan Methodists five, Richmond, Didsbury (Manchester), Headingley (Leeds), Handsworth (Birmingham), and Belfast; the Primitive Methodists and the Free Methodists one each at Manchester; and the Methodist New Connexion one at Ranmoor (Sheffield). The Congregationalists have nine,New (London, 1696), Western (Bristol, 1752), Yorkshire United (Bradford, 1758), Hampstead (1803), Lancashire (Manchester, 1816), Mansfield (Oxford, 1886), Nottingham (1863), Memorial (Breton, 1755), and Bangor (1841). The Baptists have seven, Bristol (1680), Bangor (1862), Rawdon (Yorkshire, 1804), Regent's Park (London, 1810), Pastors' (1856), Manchester (1866), and Cardiff (1807). The Presbyterians have a college at Cambridge (Westminster), the Calvinistic Methodists two at Bala and Aberystwyth, and the Unitarians one at Oxford (Manchester), while an undenominational theological school is located at Carmarthen (founded in 1689).

W. Lloyd The Story of Protestant Dissent, i b. 1899; C. $. Horns. History of the Free Churches, i b. 1903; H. R. Haggard, The Poor and the Land: a Report on the Salvation Army Colonise, ib. 1905. Consult also The States. man's Year Book.

ENGLISH, JOHN MAHAN: Baptist; b. at 'lullytown, Pa., Oct. 20, 1845. He was graduated at Brown University in 1870 and Newton Theological Institution in 1875. He was teacher of Latin in the Connecticut Literary Institute, Suffield, Conn., 1870-72, and of Greek in Denison University, Granville, O., 1874. He was pastor of the First Baptist Church, Gloucester, Mass., 1875-82, and of the Dudley Street Baptist Church, Boston, 1882. Since 1882 he has been professor of homiletics and pastoral theology in Newton Theological Institution, and was also a lecturer in Andover Theological Seminary in 1895-96. Since 1903 he has been president of the Northern Baptist Education Society. He has written The Christian Academy and the Education of To-Day (Hartford, Conn., 1892) and The Present State of the Christian Ministry (Boston, 1899).

ENGLISH LADIES: Correctly called the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, one of the most important and influential of the later female congregations of the Roman Catholic Church. Its origin goes back to the attempt of Mary Ward (b. at Mulwith, 3 m. s.e. of Ripon, Yorkshire, Jan. 23, 1585; d. at Heworth, now included in the city of York, Jan. 20, 1645), daughter of an English Roman Catholic of Yorkshire, to found a female society after the pattern of the Jesuits (see JEaulTa, III). In 1606 she went to St. Omer and joined the Colettines, the severest order of St. Clare, as a lay sister. Dissatisfied with her work and position there, in 1607 she left the convent, with the determination of founding a new community, especially for English women, and successfully established houses at St. Omer and Gravelinea in 1607 and 1609. The members concerned themselves chiefly with the education of girls, and were not bound to strict seclusion. In 1611 Miss Ward adopted the rules of the Jesuits, with the necessary changes to adapt them to women. She spent her time in constant travel in England and the Netherlands, and established houses of her order at Spitalfields, London, about 1611, at Liege in 1617, at Cologne and Treves in 1620 and 1621, and at Rome in 1622. The order did not find favor with the clergy, who charged its founder and its members with insubordination. In 1625 Pope Urban VIII. closed its schools, and in 1628 he decided upon its suppression, which was finally accomplished by bull dated Jan. 13, 1630, and promulgated May 21, 1631. To combat the opposition Mica Ward went to Rome twice, the first time in 1622, when she remained there four years, and again in 1629. In 1626 she went to Munich, where the elector, Maximilian L, allowed her to establish a house, and in 1627 the Emperor Ferdinand provided a foundation for her in Vienna. From 1632 to 1637 she was in Rome, and Urban allowed her to establish a new house there. From 1638 to 1642 she lived in London with a few faithful followers, and thenceforth in her native Yorkshire.