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Eiohetaett Eisenach Conferenoe THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG

lisclten Religionspartei in Deutschland (2 vole., G&ttingen, 1831-33); Gutachten fur die Domgemeinde zu Bremen (Hanover, 1831); and Ueber die spanische Sammlung der Quellen des Kirchenrechts in the Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie (Berlin, 1833-34) and in the Zeitsehrift fur geschichtliche Rachtsurissensclutft, xi. (C. T. G. VON SCHEURL.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY: F. von Schulte, Karl Friedrich EidtMrx, aein Leben and yVirken, Stuttgart, 1884; J. C. Blunteehli and K. Bracer, Stoats-Wlirterburh, iii. 237 eqq., ib. 1858; Preuasiache Jahrbiirher, xxavi (1575), 22 eqq.; ADB, vp. 469 eqq.

EICHSTAETT, aia'stat, BISHOPRIC OF: A German bishopric named from a city of Germany, 42 m. w.s.w. of Regensburg. The diocese was estab lished by St. Boniface, and in 740 had a monastery on the wooded height above the Altmiihl. On Oct. 22, 741, the Anglo-Saxon Willibald (q.v.), who was the abbot of this cloister, was consecrated bishop by Boniface, primarily for missionary work among the neighboring Wends. The actual diocese, how ever, first came into existence two years later, when Odilo of Bavaria was obliged to cede the northern portion of his domains to Karlman and Pepin, whereupon, to secure the incorporation of the new possession in Frankish territory, the Frankish dis trict of Suala was united with it to form a bishopric. The diocese lost a small portion of its territory when the see of Bamberg was established (1015), but the modern diocese practically corresponds to the ancient. (A. HAUCK.)

Bishop Gebhard I. (1042-57) became first an imperial minister of great force, and then pope as Victor IL, still, however, retaining his German bishopric and for a time, as administrator of the Empire after the death of Henry Ill., uniting the highest temporal and spiritual power. Few events of general interest occurred until the episcopate of William of Reichenau (1464-96), whose achievements in statesmanship, economic and intellectual improvements, and building were notable; the University of Ingolatadt was now founded, with William for its first chancellor. The Reformation made marked headway in the diocese in spite of the stalwart opposition of Bishop Martin of Schaumberg (1560-90), who founded at Eichstatt the first seminary in Germany as prescribed by the Council of Trent. A period of great prosperity for the diocese was the episcopate of Conrad of Gemmingen (1593-1612), but the Swedish army laid it in ruins and burned the see city in 1634. The secularization of 1802 divided the diocese between Bavaria, Prussia and Duke Ferdinand of Tuscany, until in 1805 the fragments were reunited under Bavarian rule. Bishop Joseph von Stubenberg (1790-1824), though no longer a temporal magnate, recovered the full extent of his diocese in the Concordat of 1817, and many evidences of spiritual life were shown during the remainder of the nineteenth century.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sources for history are: Gundechari Liter pontificalis Eichatetetts%a, 9¢1-107l,, ed. L. C. Bethmann in MGH, Script., vii (1846), 239 aqq.; the same volume, pp. 253 aqq., contains Anonymua Haaerenaia de epiacopia Eichatetenaibua 7k1-1063; Geata. epiacoPm·um Eichatetenaium 1,99-1/,l6, MGH, Script., xxv (1880), 590-609. Consult: M. Lead, Regeaten der Biachtife von Eichatlitt

..:;;`::sa;,:.~."': , . Mia_' `~A ~ . _~. . ' ., 98

7/,1-1897 Eiehatatt, 1871-74; J. Sax, Geaehichte des Hochatifta and der Stadt Eichattitt, ib. 1858; Hauck, KD, i. b18-519.

EINHARD, ain'hdrt (EGINHARD): Frankish historian and ecclesiastic; b. in the district of the Main, Lower Franconia, about 770; d. at Seligenstadt (15 m. e.s.e. of Frankfort) Mar. 14, 840. He received his earliest education in the monastery of Fulda, and was presented by the abbot Baugolf (779-802) at the court of Charlemagne, where he enjoyed the instruction of Alcuin, devoting himself especially to mathematics and architecture, and being appointed inspector of the royal buildings. He was likewise one of the trusted counselors of Charlemagne, and in 806 was sent to Rome to secure the pope's sanction of the division of the realm as proposed by the emperor. He retained his position with Charlemagne's son and successor, Louis, who entrusted him with the education of his son Lothair, although he later became a strong opponent of the evil influence of the empress Judith. In 829 he fell seriously ill, and in the following year left the court. He then retired to Seligenstadt, but in 833 he was at the court of Lothair to do him homage. His chief interest, however, was the development of Miihlheim on the Main, which he renamed Seligenstadt on account of the relics of Saints Marcellinus and Peter, which he brought thither from Rome in 827.

The importance of Einhard as a historian has been much overrated, his perfection of form and diction concealing his inaccuracies. His Vita Caroli Magni (Eng. tranal. by W. Glaiater, London, 1877), which is modeled on Suetonius, and draws its political portions from the Annales Einhardi, was written shortly after the death of the emperor, and was at once most widely circulated. His letters, which extend only from 825 to 840 and are for the most part undated, are valuable historical documents and are characterized by clarity and simplicity, but his Translatio aanctorum Marcellini et Petri is filled with incredible miracles, though it is not without importance as a source for culture-history. (WILHELM ALThIANN.) BIBLIOGRAPHY: NA, id (1886), 235-238 contains his De adoranda truce. and xii (1887), 263 eqq. his Egiatolis, the latter also in MPL, civ.; the Vita RaroZi, ed. G. H. Pertz, Is in MGH, Script., ii (1829), 428-483, thence re printed in MPL, xcvii. and was also edited by A. Holder, Freiburg, 1882. A rich bibliography is given in A. Pott hast, Bibliotheca hiatorica medii a'vi, pp. 395-397, Berlin, 1896; also in J. C. F. Bahr, Geachiehte der ronaiachen

Li,teratur, pp, 163-166, 200-218, Carlaruhe, 1840. Consult: J. Freae, De Einhardi vita et acriptia, Berlin, 1846; H. Schneider, Daa Leben Eginharda, Bamberg, 1881; E. Dunzelmann Einhard and seine Werke, in NA, ut sup., ii (1877), 491-499; M. Boudois La Translation des saints Marcellin et Pierre. L~f'tude our Einhard et as vie politique 8r9 531,, Paris, 1907; DCB, ii. 64-65.

EINSIEDELN, ain'zi-deln (MARIA EINSIEDELN)

A town of Switzerland (9 m. e.n.e. of Schwyz), containing (1900) about 4,000 inhabitants, and famous as a place of Roman Catholic pilgrimage. Monastic life there dates back to the ninth century, and is connected with the legend of St. Meginrad or Meinrad, who is said to have come from the region near Rottenburg or Hechingen. He first lived in a cell, perhaps at Bollingen near Rap-