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DUBBIN)ii, GERRIT HElYDRI>L : Reformed (Dutch); b. at Overisel, Mich., Dec. 3, 1866. He was graduated at Hope College, Holland, Mich., in 1892 and Western Theological Seminary, Holland, Mich., in 1895. He was pastor of the Third Reformed Church, Holland, Mich.,1895-1904, and since 1904 has been professor of didactic and polemic theology in Western Theological Seminary. In theology he is in full sympathy with the symbols of the Reformed Church in America. His literary activity has thus far been confined to contributions to religious and theological papers and journals.

DUBBS, JOSEPH HENRY: Reformed (German); b. at North Whitehall, Pa., Oct. 5,1838. He was graduated at Franklin and Marshall College in 1856, and Mercersburg Theological Seminary in 1859. He was pastor of Zion Reformed Church, Allentown, Pa. (1859-63), Trinity Reformed Church, Pottstown, Pa. (1863-71), and Christ Reformed Church, Philadelphia (1871-75), and from 1875 to 1906 was professor of history and archeology in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. He was acting president of his college in 1904, for fifteen years was secretary of its faculty, and since 1889 has been secretary of its board of trustees. Ile was corresponding delegate to the Lutheran General Synod in 1873 and to the Presbyterian General Assembly in 1891, as well as president of the Eastern Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States in 1893. In theology he adheres to the orthodox Christological position of his denomination. He was editor of the Guardian in 1882-86 and of the Reformed Church Messenger in 1894-95, and has written Historic Manual of the Reformed Church (Lancaster, 1885); Home Ballads and Metrical Versions (Philadelphia, 1888); Why am 1 Reformed? (1889); History of the Reformed Church (New York, 1895); Leaders of the Reformation (Philadelphia, 1900); The Reformed Church in Pennsylvania (1902); and History of Franklin and Marshall College (Lancaster, 1903).

Protestant Episcopal layman; b. at Great Barrington, Mass., Feb. 23, 1868. He was educated at Fisk University (B.A., 1888), Harvard (Ph.D., 1895), and the University of Berlin, and after being fellow in sociology at Harvard in 18901902 and traveling fellow in 1892-94, was professor in Wilberforce University (1894-96), and assistant instructor in sociology in the University of Pennsylvania (1896-97). Since 1897 he has been professor of economics and history in Atlanta University. He was general secretary of the Niagara Movement from 1905 to 1908, and, while a communicant of the Episcopal Church, interprets " its creed very broadly, so broadly, in fact, that I ought not perhaps to be considered as a member." He has written: Suppressions of the Slave Trade (New York, 1896); The Philadelphia Negro (Philadelphia, 1899); Souls o f Black Folk (Chicago, 1903);

and The Negro in the South (in collaboration with B. T. Washington; Philadelphia, 1907).

DUBOSC, dii"host' (DU BOSC), PIERRE THOMINES: French Protestant preacher; b. at Bayeux (17 m. w.n.w. of Caen) Feb. 21,1623; d. at Rotterdam Jan. 2, 1692. He was educated at Montauban and Saumur, and at the age of twenty-three became pastor of the Reformed congregation of Caen. He was one of the first preachers of his Church to discard dogmatic sermons in favor of appeals to the imagination and feelings of his hearers, and the majority of addressee contained in his two collections of sermons (2 vole., Rotterdam, 1692; 4 vole., 1701) are practical applications of Biblical facto and concepts. In 1663 he presided over the Synod of Rouen, but having incurred the hostility of the Roman Catholics, he was banished to Chalons, though he was soon allowed to return. In the persecutions which increased in severity after 1665 he rendered valuable aid to his Church by his courage and skill in his negotiations with the court, where he won the favor of Louis XIV. On June 6, 1685, however, a decree of the Parliament of Rouen forbade him to exercise his office in France, and he accordingly went to Holland, where the prince of Orange received him with great honor. His biography, together with a valuable collection of addresses, maxims, and sermons, was published by his

eon-in-law, Philippe Legendre, under the title La Vie de Pierre Thomines, sieur du Bose, ministre de Caen (Rotterdam, 1694; enlarged ed., 1716). A series of his sermons on the Epistle to the Ephesiane was translated into English by J. B. Law, together with an introductory essay and a biographical sketch (London, 1853). (C. PFENDER.)

DU BOSE, WILLIAM PORCHER: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Winnaborough, S. C., Apr. 11, 1836. He was educated at the University of Virginia (M.A., 1859), and studied at the Divinity School at Camden, S. C., from 1859 to 1861. He then entered the Confederate Army, first as an adjutant and later as a chaplain, and served throughout the war, after which he was rector of St. John's, Winnaborough, in 1866--67, and of Trinity, Abbeville, S. C., in 1868-71. Since 1872 he has been connected with the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., chaplain in 1872-83, professor of moral theology and New Testament exegesis after 1372, and dean until his retirement in 1908. He has written Soteriology of the New Testament (New York, 1892; reissue, 1906); The Ecumenical Coun cils (1896); The Gospel an the Gospels (1906); and The Gospel According to saint Pail (1907).

DUBOURG, dii"bur', ANNE: French Reformer; b. at Riom (17 m. n.e. of Puy-de-Dome) c. 1520; d. at Paris Dec. 23, 1559. After pursuing the practise of law, he became, about 1547, professor of civil law in the University of Orleans. In 1557 he was appointed conseiller-clere to the Parliament of Paris. In his father's house he became acquainted with the doctrines of the Reformation, and at Orleans he had been in close sympathy with the Reformers, and had made a deep study of the Scriptures, the Fathers, and early church history before he embraced the new ideas. In 1558 be be-