WARFIELD, BENJAMIN BRECKINRIDGE: Presbyterian; b. at Lexington, Icy., Nov. 5, 1851. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey (A.B., 1871) and from Princeton Theological Seminary (1876); studied also at the University of Leipsic (1876-77); was supply at the First Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Md. (1877-78); professor of New-Testament language and literature in Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. (1878-87); and in 1887 was called to his present chair of didactic and polemic theology in Princeton Theological Seminary. In theology he belongs to the conservative school. Besides his work as editor of The Presbyterian and Reformed Review from 1890 to 1902, and of St. Augustine's Anti-Pelagian Writings (in NPNF, 1st series, New York, 1881), he has written Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (1886); On the Revision of the Confession of Faith (1890); The Gospel of the incarnation (1893); Two Studies in the History of Doctrine (1897); The Right of Systematic Theology (Edinburgh, 1897); The Significance of the Westminster Standards as a Creed (New York, 1898); The Acts and Pastoral Epistles (Philadelphia, 1902); The Power of God unto Salvation (sermons; 1903); and The Lord of Glory; Study of the Designations of our Lord in the N. T., with especial Reference to his Deity (New York, 1907).

WARHAM, WILLIAM: Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Walshanger near Oakley (14 m. n.e. of Winchester) about 1450; d. at St. Stephens, near Canterbuty, Aug. 23, 1532. He was educated at Winchester and at New College, Oxford (fellow, 1475; LL.D., 1488); studied particularly civil and canon law, became advocate in the court of arches, then principal of the civil law school at Oxford. He was employed in a series of important missions of state or commerce between 1490 and 1493, when he took orders and became precentor of Wells, then master of the rolls (1494); became rector of Barley, Hertfordshire, 1495, and of Cottenham, near Cambridge, 1500; meanwhile in 1497 he went to Scotland to demand of James IV. the surrender of Perkin Warbeck, and was sent also on several missions to the continent which lasted till 1502; he then became successively keeper of the great seal (1502), bishop of London (1502), lord chancellor and archbishop of Canterbury (1504), and chancellor of the University of Oxford (1506). With the accession of Henry VIII. (1509), at whose coronation he officiated, he suffered no loss of position; but the growth of Wolsey in royal favor was bitter to him, and he resigned the great seal and the chancellorship to Wolsey (1515). He again received the offer of the position alter W olsey's fall, but declined, pleading his age and other reasons.

Warham was possessed of great learning, drill in state-craft, dignity, and honesty. He wee, for his age, singularly abstemious, and, although primate, lived in all simplicity. He was the friend of Erasmus and Colet. But he was deaf to the cries for reform, blind to the corruptions of the Church, was an opponent of the Reformation, and considered it an offense to introduce the writings of the Reformers and to translate the Bible into the vernacular. He was subservient to the king, and though appointed counsel to Catherine of Aragon, refused to act, being charged by her with giving as a reason for avoiding the task the Latin motto, ire prtrtcipis mors est, "a prince's wrath brings death."

Bibliography: Sources are: Memorials of Henry VIZ ., ed. J. Gairdner, London, 1858; Letters and Papers . . . of

. Richard Ill. and Henry VII ., ad. J. Gairdner, 2 vols., ib. 1881 (nos. 10 and 24 in Rolls Series); State Papers,

. King Henry VIII.; 11 vols., London; 1830-,52; Calendar of Letters .... State Pagers, relating to . . . Spain, vols. i. iv., ib. 1882 sqq. Consult: A. A Wood, Athens Oxonienaea, ed. P. Bliss, ii. 738-741, 4 vols., London, 1813-1820; VG F. Hook, Lives of Archbishops of Canterbury, new series, vol. i., 12 vols., London, 1880 sqq.; W. Clark, The Anglican Reformation, pp. 84-73, New York, 189?; J. H. Overton, The Church in England, i. 331,370, London, 1897; J. Gairdner, English Church in the IBth Centlay, passim, London, 1903; Cambridge Modern History, ii. 428, 438, 439, New York, 1904; DNB, lie. 378-383.