VITUS, SAINT.: See Helpers In Need.

VIVEKANANDA, vi"ve-ka-ndn!da, SWAMI: Vedantist; b. at Calcutta Jan. 21, 1863; d. at Belur (near Calcutta) July 4, 1902. He was educated at the university of his native city, where he also studied law, and,, after teaching for a short time in a private college in'Calcutta, renounced the world to become a teacher of the Vedanta. In 1893 he left India for the United States as a delegate to the Parliament of Religions at the World's Fair at Chicago, and in the following year he founded the Vedanta Society in New York City. He lectured before this organization and its branches until 1900, when he returned to India to supervise the education of the monks in the monastery of Belur, training them as teachers of the Vedanta. He issued Karma

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Yoga (New York, 1896); Vedanta Philosophy (ad dresses at Harvard; 1896); Raja Yoga (London, 1896); From Colombo to Almora (Madras, 1897); My Master (biography of Ramakrishna; New York, 1901); Jnana Yoga (1902); besides the posthumous volume of selections from his speeches and writings (Madras, 1905); Inspir^,d Talks, Recorded by a Dis ciple (New York, 1909); The Science and Philoso phy of Religion; a comparative Study of Sankhya Vedanta and other Systems (1909); and The East and the West (Madras, 1909). A memorial edition of his Complete Works is in course of publication (London, 1907 sqq.).

Bibliography: A Short Account of the Life and Teachings of the Swami Vivekananda (Dacca, 1904); Mary E. Noble (" Sister Vivedita "), The Master as 1 saw him; being Passages from the Life of the Swami Vavekananda, New York, 1910. i i

VIVES Y TUTO, vi'ves-f-tu'to, JOSE CALASANTIO: Cardinal; b. at San Andr6 da Llevaneras (a village in the diocese of Barcelona), Spain, Feb. 15, 1854 At the age of fifteen he entered the Capuchin order in Guatemala, and for many years labored in North and South America, as well as in France and Spain. In 1896 he became definitor general of the Capuchins, and in 1899 was created cardinal-deacon of San Adriano al Foro. He is prefect of the Congregation for the Affairs of Religious.