VALERIAN, SAINT: Bishop of Cemelium (near the modern Nice), southeastern Gaul, and homilist; d. about 460. He seems to have been a kinsman of Eucherius of Lyons, but the only details known of his episcopate are that he attended the Councils of Riez (439) and Vaison (452), protested with eighteen other Gallic bishops against Leo the Great in behalf of the primacy of Arles (see Arles, Archbishopric of), and opposed the claims of Theodore of Fr6jus. He was, therefore, an adherent of Hilary of Arles and of Faustus. Valerian i$ chiefly important, however, for his homilies. Up to 1612 the only one known was the De bono disciplintv, formerly ascribed to Augustine, but proved to be Valerian's by Melchior Goldast, who edited the homily (Geneva, 1601). In a Corbey manuscript J. Sirmond found nineteen other homilies which he ascribed to Valerian (Sancti Yaleriani ePiscopi Cemeliensis homiliie viginti; item epistola ad monachos, de virtutibus et ordine doctrinie apostolictc, Paris, 1612). These homilies are adorned with all the artifices of the Gallic school of rhetoric; including alliteration; the author is at his best in descriptions, and his style is modeled on that of Seneca. The homilies are also important historically as supplementing Salvianus (q.v.). In theology Valerian avoids dogmatic controversy, and in his doctrine of grace he follows Faustus of Riez (q.v.), his point of view scarcely differing from that of Caesarius of Arles (q.v.). He is primarily a moralist, his chief thought being the advancement of discipline, of

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work for its own sake with respect to God, Christ, and the martyrs. The rapid decline of his see city is one of the chief causes which consigned many of the homilies of Valerian to an unmerited oblivion, or ascribed them to others, such as Petrus Chrys ologus or Eucherius.

(F. Arnold.)

Bibliography: L. Dsuchesne, Fasten .epiaeopaux de 1'an eienne Gaule, i. 290, 298, Paris. 1907; Histoire littéraire de la France, ii. 32829; 1111emont, Ml^moirea, av. 126; N. Schack, De Valerfiano aecul% quinl% laomileta Christiano, Copenhagen, 1814; T. Raynaud, in MPL, Iii. 757-838; Gallia Christians, iii. 1288, Paris. 1878; A. Malnory, S. C!!aa%re t!vvdque d'Arlea, pp. 43, 70, 251, Paris, 1894; Ceillier, Auteurs sacrés, s. 154-159. viii. 444, 805; DCB, iv. 1103; AL, si. 558-580.