7. Compilations

Yalkut Shim'oni, generally cited simply as Yalkut, is a compilation from more than fifty sours, part of them no longer extant, which cover the contents of the Hebrew Bible; it is divided into paragraphs. Its date is the first half of the thirteenth century, and the title indicates the author (Simeon), to whom the epithet Darshan, " Interpreter," was given after his death. If the usual identification is received, Simeon was a Frankforter. The value of the book lies not merely in its use as a common source book, but in its retention of works otherwise lost. It was published at Monies, 1521 1527; Venice, 1566, etc., and at Warsaw, 1876. The Yslkut ha-Makiri, by Machir ben-Abba Mari (probably of southern France), was certainly com piled as early as the latter half of the fourteenth century. It embraces the prophetical writings and Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. It is valuable for its excerpts from Tanbuma and for its variants to other known texts. Parts have been .published by J. Spira (Berlin, 1894), S. Buber (Berdyczew, 1899), and L. Griinhut (Frankfort, 1902). Midrash ha Gadhol, on the Pentateuch, was compiled in Yemen, and is also valuable for its excerpts from lost tan naitic midrashim (cf. S. Schechter's ed., Cambridge, 1902). Mention may be made of the Yallcut Ru beni (Wilmeradorf, 1681), and Yalkut hadaeh,"New Yal$ut " (Lublin, 1648).

Among narrative midrashim may be noted Seder '0lam rabba (ed. B. Retnar, Vilna, 1894; another ed., 1897), ascribed to Jose ben ljalaaphta (c. 160 A.D.); Seder'Olam zuja (ed. S. Schechter, in Monats- schrift für Geschichte und Wissenschaft 8. Narra- des Judenthums, 1895); Megillath ta tive, Eth- 'anith (published often, e.g., Warsaw, ical, and 1839), belonging in part to the second Esoteric century; Pi* Rabbi Elister (Warsaw,1852), Midrashim. dated between 809 and 811 in Palestine, treats baggadically the con tents of the Pentateuch, but is uncompleted; Yo sippon (often printed, e.g., Gotha, 1707), dealing with Jewish history from the fall of Babylon to the destruction of the temple at Jerusalem, written after 850 in Italy; Sepher ha-Yaahar (Venice, 1625, etc.), covering the history from Adam to the beginning of the time of the Judges, of the twelfth century; Midmhh roayyis'u, dealing with the wars of Joshua's sons on the Cansanites; Pesah Haggada and Mid rash pefirath Aharon; Kathib Eldad ha-Dam, of the close of the ninth century, full of old traditions, in several recensions (cf. Epstein on it in his Eldad ha Dani, Pressburg, 1891); a midrash on Zerubbabel; Megillath Antiochi, of the eighth or ninth century, in a dialect closely akin to the Biblical Aramaic, published in The Choice of Pearls (London, 1851), and in Trams of the Oriental Congress (vol. ii., London, 1891); Midrash Elleh Exkerah, published as Midraah der zehn Martyrer, by P. Mbbius (Leip eic, 1854), and several which are purely legendary. Among the ethical midrashim may be mentioned Derek Erez (ed. J. Harburger, Baireuth, 1839; ed. M. Goldberg, Breslau, 1888), a collection of pure ethical precepts; Tanna Debhe Eliyahu (ed. M. Friedmann, Warsaw, 1900-02), in which the speeches are put into the mouth of Elijah; Midraah Temura, in a part of which Rabbis Ishmael and Eliezer are the speakers. Of esoteric character are

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Sepher Yezirrs, on which comments exist from the tenth century, of which there is an edition with Eng. transl. by 1. Kalisch (New York; 1877); Mid mah Konen, deals with heaven and earth, hell and paradise. Collections of midrashim have been published by A. Jellinek (vols. i.-iv., Leipsic, 1853 1857, v.-vi., Vienna, 1873-77); C. M. Horowitz, Sammlung Heiner Midraachim (Berlin, 1881), and BtMiotheea haggadica (2 parts, Frankfort, 1881); S. A. Wertheimer, KWnere hfidrawhim (4 parts, Jerusalem, 1897); and L. Graahut, Sefer ha-Lilh kutim (5 parts, Jerusalem, 1898-1901). Otber translations, besides those specially mentioned above, are those found in Ugolini, Theeaurua (vols. xiv.-xvi.), and the German translations issued by A. W(Jnache in his Bibliadwca mWnioa (Leipsic, 1881-85), and his MidmwA Tehifiim (Treves, 1892-93).

(H. L. Strack.)

Bibliography: For general treatment of the subject the works of Straok (Einleaung in den Thalmud, Leipsic, 1900) and Ginsburg (Ind-odudion to fhe ~oseoretieo-critical Edition of the Rebrou Bible, London, 1897) are essential. Other works of general application: are J. C. Wolf, Biblio theca Htbraa, 4 vols., Hamburg, 1716-33; L. Zoos, Die poaesdiensdidhm Vorbrige der Juden, Berlin, 1832, new ed., 1892; J. H. Weiss, Zur Geschichte der ifadiaahe Tradition, vols. L -iv., Vienna, 1871-87; W. Becher, Die Apada der Tannaiten, 2 vols., Strasburg, 1884-90; ides, Die Aaada der babylonischen Amoraw, ib. 1878; idem. Die Ayada der paldstsniwhe» Amorder, 1892-1902; W. O. E. Oeeterley and G. H. Boa, Religion and Worship of the Synagogue, pp. 74sqq., New York, 1907; A. Wtineche, Aus lerada LeArhallen, 3 vols.. Leipsic, 1907-09. Besides these works. JQR, REJ, Mapasin für die Wissenschaft des Judenthume (in this article abbreviated MWJ), and Monahsrhrift for aesehicAte and Wiassnechaft des Judmtbums (abbreviated MGWJ) are packed with dis cussions relative to the subject and illustrative of it. Special discussions pertinent to 4 are: M. Lerner, in MWJ, 1885, 383-388, 408-421, 464-487; and 1893-85; N. Netter, Die Geschichte Noahs und der Stlndjluk, Strasburg, 1891; S. Auscher, Die Gachichte Josefa, Berlin, 1897; M. Margel, Der Segen Jakobe, Frankfort, 1901; J. Abraham^ The Sources of the Midrnah Echah rabba, Dessau, 1881; J. Theodor, in MGWJ, 188587; A. Neubauer, in REJ, aii (1886), 224-238, rdv (1887), 92-107,111-114. On Numeri rabba: J. Theodor, in MGWJ, 1886, 443-459, 558.